UC-NRLF 


KXC 


The  History  of  Educational  Legislation 
in  Ohio  from  1803  to  1850 


A  DISSERTATION 

SUBMITTED  TO  THE  FACULTY 

OF  THE 

GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND  LITERATURE 
IN  CANDIDACY  FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF 

DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY 
DEPARTMENT  OF  ED 


BY 


EDWARD  ALANSON  MILLER 


Private  Edition  Distributed  L\- 
THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO  LIBRARIES 

CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


Reprinted  from 

Ohio  Archaeological  and  Historical  Quarterly 
Volume  XXVII,  Nos.  1  and  2 
:-,d  April,  1913 


EXCHANGE 


Imwmtg  af 


The  History  of  Educational  Legislation 
in  Ohio  from  1803  to  1850 


A  DISSERTATION 

SUBMITTED  TO  THE  FACULTY 

OF  THE 

GRADUATE  SCHOOL  OF  ARTS  AND  LITERATURE 
IN  CANDIDACY  FOR  THE  DEGREE  OF 

DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY 
DEPARTMENT  OF  EDUCATION 


BY 

EDWARD  ALANSON  MILLER 


Private  Edition  Distributed  by 
THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO  LIBRARIES 

CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS 


Reprinted,  iVoiii ; , , 
Ohio  Archaeological  and  Historical  Quarterly 
Volume  XXVII,  Nos.  1  and  2 
January  and  April,  1918 


0\ 


THE  HISTORY  OF  EDUCATIONAL  LEGISLATION  IN 
OHIO  FROM  1803  TO  1850. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ohio's  educational  history  has  been  an  especially  interest- 
ing one.  Many  causes  have  combined  to  make  it  so.  It  was 
the  first  state  admitted  from  the  Northwest  Territory,  and  as 
such  carried  on  the  earliest  experiments  with  the  great  state-wide 
grant  of  school  lands  that  has  characterized  our  policy  since  that 
time  in  the  admission  of  new  states  to  the  Union.  It  was  set- 
tled with  unexampled  rapidity,  changing  from  a  wilderness 
frontier  to  a  great  and  prosperous  commonwealth  in  a  single 
generation.  The  settlement  was  a  singularly  heterogeneous  one, 
coming  from  the  east,  the  middle  states  and  the  south,  with  a 
considerable  influx  directly  from  Europe.  These  early  settle- 
ments were  being  established,  too,  while  those  democratic  and 
individualistic  tendencies  that  marked  the  first  decades  of  the 
nineteenth  century  were  in  progress.  During  these  years  the 
district  school  idea  was  at  its  height  in  Massachusetts  and  the 
East,  the  private  academy  was  displacing  the  town  grammar 
school,  and  state  control  of  public  education  was  at  low  ebb. 

These  causes,  with  others  more  local  in  nature,  were  instru- 
mental in  shaping  the  educational  activities  of  the  state  in  the 
first  fifty  years  of  its  history,  and  have  left  their  imprint  on  all 
the  later  development. 

It  is  my  purpose  to  give  a  careful  study  and  interpretation 
of  the  educational  legislation  of  the  state  from  territorial  days 
down  to  1850.  In  this  legislation  one  finds  the  truest  expression 
of  the  constructive  educational  thought  and  activity  of  the  period. 

In  such  a  study  there  must  be  included  not  merely  the  laws 
that  bear  on  the  development  of  a  state  system  of  public  educa- 
tion, but  the  much  larger  number  that  are  concerned  with  private 
educational  ventures  of  various  kinds.  To  these  must  be  added 
those  laws  that  bear  on  higher  and  professional  education,  all 
that  touch  upon  supplementary  agencies  of  any  kind,  and  also 

(1) 


5942 


Afdfo}  '(mit'tlist.  Society  Publications. 

any  provisions  made  for  the  indigent,  defective  and  delinquent 
classes. 

A  study  of  this  kind  is  needed  as  a  background  before  any 
adequate  state  or  national  history  of  education  is  possible.  Such 
a  study  also  gives  the  general  student  of  history  a  view  of  one 
of  the  most  important  phases  in  the  social  development  of  a  state, 
and  a  closer  acquaintance  with  the  growth  of  some  of  the  most 
important  institutions  that  society  has  discovered  to  aid  it  in  its 
progress. 

I  have  attempted  in  the  following  pages  to  present  the  ma- 
terial in  such  a  way  that  it  will  be  of  service  to  the  general 
student,  and  also,  in  the  appendices  to  furnish  a  guide  for  any 
one  desiring  further  information  from  the  source  material  on 
any  particular  phase  of  the  state's  educational  activities. 

The  plan  of  arrangement  is  as  follows :  A  discussion  and 
interpretation  of  the  laws  passed  from  1803  to  1850;  Appendix 
A :  A  classified  list  of  the  titles  of  the  more  important  acts ; 
Appendix  B :  A  complete  index,  page  and  volume,  to  all  the 
legislation  that  in  any  way  touches  upon  education,  in  the  ses- 
sion laws  of  Ohio  from  1803  to  1850,  including  both  the  general 
and  the  local  laws. 

In  many  cases  I  have  not  given  the  exact  titles  in  the  ap- 
pendices, for  the  sake  of  both  brevity  and  clearness;  enough  of 
titles  and  content  to  indicate  the  general  meaning  of  the  act  is 
given.  In  Appendix  A,  a  brief  abstract  of  the  laws  is  also  in- 
cluded where  it  seemed  necessary  to  give  more  information  than 
the  title  itself  conveys. 

This  is  especially  the  case  in  the  acts  of  incorporation  of 
that  large  number  of  secondary  and  higher  institutions  that  were 
so  abundant  in  the  first  fifty  years  of  Ohio's  history.  A  com- 
plete tabulation  of  these  acts  is  here  given  and  as  it  is  the  only 
complete  list  of  these  institutions  that  has  been  made  it  seemed 
best  to  preserve  in  a  few  words  the  chief  points  of  historical 
interest  that  appear  in  the  laws. 

I  felt  this  is  to  be  particularly  the  case  with  the  secondary 
schools.  These  have  nearly  all  passed  out  of  existence,  and  as 
they  mark  one  of  the  most  important  stages  in  the  development 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.        3 

of  our  secondary  education,  a  somewhat  more  complete  abstract 
is  given  than  that  dealing  with  most  of  the  other  subjects. 

The  public  school  laws  are  more  easily  accessible  and  they 
are  usually  indicated  by  title  only.  There  was  an  exceptionally 
large  amount  of  legislation,  especially  of  a  local  and  special 
character,  dealing  with  the  School  Lands.  The  more  important 
of  these  acts  are  included  by  title  in  the  first  appendix  with  a 
mere  tabulation  of  those  that  had  only  local  significance. 

The  laws  in  Appendix  A,  are  grouped  under  the  following 
headings : 

I.     The  Public  School  System. 

1.  General  Legislation. 

2.  City  and  Town  school  charters. 

II.     Legislation  concerning  the  School  Lands. 

III.  Secondary  and  Higher  Education. 

1.  Academies,  seminaries,  institutes  and  high  schools. 

2.  Universities,  colleges  and  theological  seminaries. 

3.  Medical  and  legal  education. 

IV.  The  Education  of  Defectives,  Dependents  and  Delin- 
quents. 

V.     The  Training  of  Teachers. 
VI.     Supplementary  Educational  Agencies. 

Appendix  B  furnishes  a  page  and  volume  index  to  all  laws, 
resolutions  and  memorials  that  have  any  educational  significance 
in  either  the  general  or  local  laws,  from  1803  to  1850.  The  in- 
dices in  the  volumes  of  the  session  laws  themselves  are  some- 
times defective,  and  they  are,  too,  an  unreliable  guide,  as  many 
important  items  are  found  in  laws  that  titles  to  which  give  no 
hint  that  they  contain  material  that  relates  in  any  way  to  educa- 
tion. 

The  primary  source  material  has  been  the  session  laws  of 
the  state  of  Ohio.  The  revised  Statutes  for  this  period  have 
also  been  consulted. 

It  was  found  necessary  to  examine  all  the  laws  of  the  period, 
special  and  general,  as  the  titles  and  indices  were  not  dependable. 


4  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

A  considerable  amount  of  material  was  also  found  in  the  resolu- 
tions and  memorials. 

The  United  States  Statutes  at  Large  were  used  to  secure 
federal  legislation  concerning  school  lands  in  Ohio.  Nashee's 
Compilation  of  Laws,  Treaties  and  Ordinances  which  relate  to 
Lands  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  was  relied  upon  especially  for  acts 
passed  during  the  territorial  period. 

The  earliest  Congressional  legislation  was  secured  from  the 
Journals  of  the  American  Congress,  reprinted  by  Way  and 
Gideon,  in  1823,  under  the  title  as  given. 

The  chief  secondary  sources  consulted  are  indicated  in  the 
Bibliography. 


CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  I.  PAGES 

THE  SOURCES  OF  OHIO'S  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  SYSTEM 1-23 

Introductory.  Ohio's  admission  to  the  Union.  Consti- 
tutional provisions  for  education.  Traditions  of  decentral- 
ization. Early  settlements  and  centers  of  influence.  Growth 
in  population.  Conflicting  educational  ideals.  Dominant 
educational  influences  at  the  time  of  settlement.  New  Eng- 
land influences.  School  Lands.  Early  practice  in  N.  E.  Its 
extension  in  Ohio.  The  Ordinance  of  1785.  The  Ohio  Com- 
pany and  Symmes  Purchases.  The  state  wide  grant.  New 
England  men  and  school  legislation.  Ephraim  Cutler  and 
the  law  of  1821.  Caleb  Atwater  and  his  report.  Nathan 
Guilford  and  the  law  of  1825.  The  work  of  Samuel  Lewis 
and  the  law  of  1838.  The  schools  that  preceded  the  school 
laws. 

CHAPTER  II. 
THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  SYSTEM 24-68 

Organization.  Summary.  School  support.  Rates. 
Revenue  from  School  Lands.  Permanent  funds.  State 
school  fund.  Surplus  Revenue.  Taxation.  Fines  and  pen- 
alties. Control  and  Supervision.  Certification  of  Teachers. 
Curricula.  Length  of  school  year.  School  officers.  Schools 
for  colored  children.  City  and  village  schools.  Cincinnati. 
Cleveland.  Portsmouth.  Zanesville.  General  laws  for  cities 
and  towns,  before  the  Akron  act.  Dayton.  Columbus,  Mt. 
Vernon.  Akron.  Akron  act  made  general  in  application. 

CHAPTER  III. 

THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  LANDS 69-92 

Various  tracts  and  grants.  Methods  of  Survey.  School 
grants  for  the  different  tracts.  Reasons  for  lack  of  uni- 
formity in  the  method  of  granting  the  lands.  Location  of 
the  tracts  receiving  grants  other  than  Section  16.  Legisla- 
tive responsibility  for  the  school  lands.  Formal  legal  guard- 
ing of  school  rights.  Methods  of  making  the  grant  pro- 
ductive. Temporary  leasing.  Results.  Permanent  leasing. 
Results.  Atwater's  report.  Cessation  of  leasing.  Memorial 
to  Congress  for  authorization  to  sell  the  school  lands.  The 
sale  of  the  lands.  State  losses  in  selling  the  leased  land. 
Summary. 

(5) 


6  Contents. 

CHAPTER  IV.  PAGES 

SECONDARY  AND  HIGHER  EDUCATION 93-119 

Secondary  Education.  Legal  provisions.  The  recom- 
mendations of  Supt.  Lewis  for  township  high  schools. 
Kinds  of  secondary  institutions.  Method  of  incorporation. 
Enumeration  and  classification  of  Secondary  schools.  Edu- 
cation societies.  Denominational  influences.  Curricula. 
Manual  labor  influence.  Limits  of  State  control.  Higher 
Education.  Enumeration  of  institutions  incorporated.  State 
influence  on  higher  education.  Ohio  University.  Miami 
University.  State  aid  to  other  colleges.  Denominational 
influences.  Agricultural  education.  Summary.  Professional 
Schools.  Medical  education.  Legal  education. 

CHAPTER  V. 

THE  EDUCATION  OF  DEFECTIVES,  DEPENDENTS  AND  DELINQUENTS  . .  120-128 

Legislation  concerning  the  education  of  the  deaf  and 
dumb.  Legislation  concerning  the  education  of  the  blind. 
Legislation  concerning  dependents.  Orphan  asylums.  Edu- 
cation of  delinquents. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

THE  TRAINING  OF  TEACHERS 129-133 

State  attitude.  Voluntary  associations.  The  Western 
College  of  Teachers.  The  Teachers'  Institute.  Private 
enterprises.  County  teachers'  institutes  authorized.  Private 
normal  schools. 

CHAPTER  VII. 

SUPPLEMENTARY  EDUCATIONAL  AGENCIES 134-137 

Libraries.  Lyceums.  Institutes.  Athenaeums  and  Lit- 
erary Societies.  College  Societies  and  Fraternities.  Miscel- 
laneous Organizations  of  educational  significance. 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

CONCLUSION 138-142 

Main  features.  Decentralization.  Permissive  legisla- 
tion. Educational  experimentation.  Advanced  position  on 
taxation  for  schools.  Lack  of  efficient  organization.  The 
blunder  of  1840.  Disastrous  experience  with  school  lands. 
Attitude  toward  Secondary  and  Higher  Education.  Influ- 
ence of  early  history  on  the  later  educational  development 
of  the  state. 


V 


CHAPTER  I 

THE  SOURCES  OF  OHIO'S  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  SYSTEM 

Introductory. 

Ohio  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state  February  I9th, 
I8O3.1  It  was  the  first  state  admitted  from  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory, and  the  first  state  to  which  the  grant  of  Section  16  for 
school  purposes  was  made.  The  legislation  concerning  school 
lands  was  intimately  connected  with  the  development  of  the 
Public  School  System,  and  in  the  method  to  be  adopted  to  make 
this  great  grant  productive  of  the  desired  results  Ohio  had  no 
precedents  or  warnings  for  her  guidance.2 

The  Constitution  adopted  when  Ohio  became  a  state  re- 
mained in  force  until  1851.  It  made  no  specific  provisions  for 
education,  but  stated  that  means  of  education3  should  be  en- 
couraged by  legislative  enactments ;  that  all  institutions  of  all 
grades,  endowed  in  whole  or  in  part  from  revenues  derived  from 
the  donations  of  the  United  States,  should  be  open  without  dis- 
tinction to  all  scholars;  and  that  associations  of  persons  might 
receive  letters  of  incorporation  from  the  legislature  to  enable 
them  to  hold  estates  for  the  support  of  their  schools,  academies, 
colleges  and  universities,  j 

No  provision  for  public  schools  was  made  by  any  general 
law  during  the  first  eighteen  years  after  Ohio's  admission,  the 
first  school  law  being  passed  in  1821.*  From  this  period  until 
1850  eight  general  school  codes  were  enacted  with  numerous 
amendments  and  supplementary  acts,  and  a  mass  of  special 
legislation  concerning  particular  districts  or  territory. 


1  Statistical  Abstract,  U.  S.,  1910,  page  21. 

*  Land  set  aside  for  individual  towns  had  been  common  in  New 
England  and  elsewhere,  but  there  was  no  precedent  to  direct  action  in 
the  case  of  a  state  wide  grant  intended  for  the  use  of  the  individual 
townships. 

§0.  L.  I.,  Art.  8,  Sec.  3;  Art.  8,  Sec.  25;  Art.  8,  Sec.  27. 

40.  L.  XIX,  51. 

(7) 


8  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

The  traditions  of  Ohio  were  from  the  first  against  centrali- 
zation.5 The  first  constitution  was  formed  soon  after  the  bitter 
political  struggle  between  Jefferson  and  Adams,  and  at  a  time 
when  the  arbitrary  domination  of  the  Territorial  Governor, 
Arthur  St.  Clair,  had  prejudiced  the  people  against  centralized 
executive  power.  Nowhere  is  this  prejudice  against  centralized 
administration  better  illustrated  than  in  the  various  phases  of 
educational  legislation.  The  tendency  throughout  the  period 
under  discussion  was  to  depend,  largely  upon  local  initiative  and 
control.  The  encouragement  of  education  by  legislative  pro- 
vision specified  in  the.  constitution  was  interpreted  by  the  legis- 
lature to  mean  the  passing1  of  a  large  number  of  local  acts  to 
meet  the  special  needs  or  desires  of  particular  districts,  or  even 
in  the  case  of  school  lands,  the  desires  o-f  individuals,  while  the 
general  laws  may  be  said  to  have  pointed  out  methods  of  or- 
ganization and  control  rather  than  devising  any  efficient  system 
of  supervision  or  penalties  to  actually  bring  about  specific  educa- 
tional results. 

The  general  laws  are  largely  permissive  in  character,  with 
the  initiative  left  in  many  cases  to  the  discretion  of  the  local 
community.  There  are  doubtless  other  reasons  for  this  than 
the  prejudice  against  the  acts  of  Arthur  St.  Clair  and  the  gen- 
eral political  state  of  mind  in  the  West  during  the  early  period 
of  Ohio's  history. 

Ohio  in  its  early  statehood  was  a  frontier  community,  settled 
by  a  class  of  people  that  in  the  very  nature  of  the  case  were 
compelled  largely  to  be  self-reliant,  and  to  solve  their  own  prob- 
lems, educational  as  well  as  others.  It  was  a  heavily  timbered 
area.  Means  of  communication  were  difficult.  It  would  have 
been  a  hard  matter  to  establish  any  general  system  of  control 
or  supervision  in  the  early  period,  and  when  means  of  communi- 
cation had  become  simplified,  through  a  system  of  state  roads 
and  canals,6  the  people  had  become  habituated  to  attending  to 
their  own  educational  needs. 


'Orth  —  The  Centralization  of  Administration  in  Ohio,  page  11. 
"A   large  part   of  the   early  legislation   of   Ohio   is   concerned   with 
state  roads,  turnpike  companies,  plank  roads,  canals,  etc. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.          9 

The  settlers  in  Ohio,  too,  had  no  common  educational  back- 
ground. They  came  from  New  England,  from  Virginia,  Mary- 
land and  Kentucky,  and,  in  fact,  from  nearly  all  the  older  states.7 

A  glance  at  the  map  on  page  70  shows  that  the  state  was 
divided  into  a  number  of  separate  districts  such  as  the  Western 
Reserve,  the  Ohio  Company's  Purchase,  the  Symmes  Purchase, 
the  Virginia  Military  Lands  and  the  United  States  Military 
Lands.  The  early  settlements  in  these  sections  were  usually 
made  up  of  people  who  came  into  the  wilderness  together  from 
one  or  another  of  the  older  states  of  the  Union. 

Each  of  these  districts,  in  its  customs  and  ideals  reflected 
the  current  thought  and  practice  of  that  part  of  the  country 
from  which  its  settlers  came,  and  in  no  field  was  this  more  evi- 
dent than  in  that  of  education.  The  Ohio  Company's  Purchase 
and  the  Western  Reserve  were  at  first  largely  settled  by  colonists 
from  New  England.  Marietta,  dating  from  1787,  and  Cleveland, 
from  1796,  were  the  respective  centers  of  influence  in  these  two 
districts. 

Three  colonies  were  planted  in  the  Symmes  purchase  in 
1788;  the  one  at  Losantiville,  later  rechristened  Cincinnati  by 
Governor  St.  Clair,  was  destined  to  be  in  many  ways  a  leader 
for  the  entire  state  as  well  as  for  the  Miami  country.  The  early 
settlers  here,  as  at  Marietta,  had  many  of  them  seen  service  in 
the  Revolutionary  War.  They  came  from  no  single  locality, 
but  New  Jersey  men  seemed  most  prominent  in  the  early  settle- 
ment, aided  by  the  other  Middle  States.8  Later  there  were  many 
settlers  from  Virginia,  Maryland,  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  and 
the  New  England  states. 

9The  Virginia  Military  Lands,  located  between  the  Little 
Miami  and  the  Scioto  Rivers,  received  its  first  settlers  from 
Virginia  and  the  South.  General  Nathaniel  Massie  and  Duncan 
McArthur  founded  Chillicothe,  on  the  Scioto  River,  in  1796,  the 
first  colony  in  this  district. 


TAtwater,  A  History  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  page  351. 

1  Cincinnati.  Charles  Cist,  page  38.  The  Old  Northwest.  Hinsdale, 
page  288,  9. 

9  Ibid.  290.  Western  Reserve  Historical  Society.  Vol.  II.,  pages 
153,  4. 


10  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

On  the  eastern  edge  of  the  state,  south  of  the  Western  Re- 
serve, are  the  so-called  Seven  Ranges,  the  name  given  to  the 
ranges  of  townships  first  surveyed  in  Ohio.  While  there  was 
no  such  colonization  here  as  in  the  districts  already  named,  the 
first  settlers  were  largely  from  Pennsylvania,  and  of  German 
stock,  with  a  considerable  number  of  Irish,  Scotch  and  Scotch- 
Irish. 

The  United  States  Military  Lands  seem  to  have  had  no 
early  homogeneous  group,  but  drew  settlers  from  all  the  older 
states. 

There  was  also  a  considerable  French  settlement  at  Gal- 
lipolis,  and  a  sprinkling  of  French  all  along  the  Ohio  River. 

From  1830  on  there  was  a  very  considerable  German  in- 
fluence from  the  influx  of  German  immigrants  that  began  at 
that  time.10 

The  population  increased  with  astonishing  rapidity  after 
Ohio  was  admitted  as  a  state,  constant  accessions  from  the  older 
states  were  added  to  the  early  settlements,  and  in  the  years  from 
1810  to  1840  the  transformation  from  a  thickly  wooded  frontier 
to  a  settled  farming  community  had  largely  taken  place.  The 
census  figures  from  1800  to  1850  give  some  idea  of  this  trans- 
formation. At  the  beginning  of  the  century  the  population  was 
45,365,  fifty  years  later  it  had  increased  to  1,980,329.  The 
record  of  increase  by  decades,  which  follows  gives  an  even  better 
picture  of  the  sudden  changes  that  must  have  occurred : 

1800 45,365 

1810  230,760 

1820  580,434 

1830 937,903 

1840  1,519,467 

1850  1,980,329" 

The  census  figures  for  the  last  decade  of  this  period  show 
a  foreign  born  population  of  218,193.  In  1850  there  were  almost 


10Orth —  The  Centralization  of  Administration  in  Ohio,  page  164. 
Chaddock — A  Study  of  the  Early  Influence  of  Pennsylvania  and  South- 
ern Populations  in  Ohio,  page  30. 

11  Statistical  Abstract  of  U.  S.,  Washington,  1911,  page  40. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         11 

as  many  people  of  foreign  birth  in  the  state  as  its  entire  popula- 
tion had  amounted  to  only  forty  years  earlier  in  1810.  These 
people  of  foreign  birth  were  largely  of  German  stock. 

It  was  no  easy  problem  to  develop  a  system  of  education 
to  meet  the  needs  of  this  surprising  growth,  coming  as  it  did  from 
all  the  older  states  and  from  foreign  shores. 

There  was  in  these  early  years  no  agreement  as  to  the  means 
of  financing  any  general  system  of  education,  nor  any  real 
agreement  as  to  the  needs  of  such  a  system.  The  educational 
traditions  were  quite  different  in  different  portions  of  the  state. 
Samuel  Lewis  in  his  second  annual  report  in  1838  says:  "The 
people  have  not  heretofore  followed  any  particular  system.  The 
directors  of  each  district  have  done  that  which  was  right  in 
their  own  eyes,  and  generally  adopted,  as  far  as  they  could,  the 
particular  system  of  the  state  from  whence  they  came."12  Those 
from  the  South  brought  traditions  of  the  private  school  and 
parental  responsibility  for  education.  The  New  England  settlers 
brought  with  them  the  idea  of  a  public  school  system,  with  taxa- 
tion and  public  control,  but  unfortunately  for  Ohio's  subsequent 
educational  history  the  New  England  migration  came  at  a  period 
when  the  public  school  sentiment  in  Massachusetts  and  the  East 
was  at  a  comparatively  low  ebb,  and  when  the  decentralizing 
tendency  that  gave  Massachusetts  the  district  school  legislation 
of  1789  was  at  its  time  of  greatest  influence.  From  this  time 
for  nearly  forty  years,  the  process  of  decentralization  went  on. 
Martin  says  the  year  1827  is  "the  high-water  mark  of  modern 
democracy  and  the  low-water  mark  of  the  Massachusetts  school 
system."13  The  New  England  influence  in  Ohio  began  with  the 
Marietta  colony  in  1787.  By  1830  the  population  of  the  state 
had  reached  nearly  a  million,  and  it  was  during  just  these 
years  that  the  school  sentiment  in  Massachusetts  was  lowest. 

f  It  was  at  this  time,  too,  that  the  Academy  was  supplanting 
the  Latin  Grammar  School  of  the  colonial  period  as  the  typical 
secondary  school.  \ 

The  New  England  settlers  favored  the  public  school  idea, 
but  it  was  the  highly  decentralized  district  system  with  which 


"Ohio  Documents,  1838,  Doc.  32,  page  30. 

13  Martin  —  Evolution  of  the  Massachusetts  School  System,  page  92. 


12  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

they  were  familiar.  (~  The  Academy  idea  was  the  common  posses- 
sion of  settlers  from  all  the  states.  ^ 

,  The  common  school  as  a  district  school,  the  secondary  school 
as  an  academy,  were  two  fundamental  conceptions  in  the  minds 
of  all  those  who  were  active  in  securing  Ohio's  early  school 
legislation. ")  While  many  influences  were  thus  instrumental  in 
shaping  Ohio's  early  educational  history,  her  debt  to  New  Eng- 
land for  the  men  and  ideas  most  significant  in  determining  her 
early  public  school  system  is  so  large  that  a  brief  sketch  of  a  few 
of  these  men,  and  of  the  forces  that  worked  through  them,  is  a 
necessary  prerequisite  to  an  intelligent  study  of  the  development 
of  that  system. 

The  most  important  of  these  forces  were,  first :  the  School 
Lands.14  Second:  the  conception  of  a  State  System  of  Schools, 
and  third:  the  idea  of  State  Wide  Taxation  for  the  benefit  of 
such  a  system. 

The  use  of  public  lands  for  the  aid  and  support  of  schools 
had  its  origin  in  New  England.  The  men  most  instrumental  in 
urging  Ohio's  first  law,  giving  a  legal  basis  to  the  conception  of 
a  State  System  of  Schools,  were  born  in  New  England.  The 
men  most  active  in  legalizing  the  idea  of  state  wide  taxation  to 
support  this  system,  were  also  New  England  born,  and  the  man 
who  did  most  to  make  these  ideas,  incorporated  into  law,  actually 
operative  in  the  establishment  of  schools  and  to  give  a  real 
organization  to  the  system  legally  created,  was  a  man  of  New 
England  birth. 

When  Ohio  was  admitted  as  a  state,  section  16  in  each 
township,  or  an  equivalent  amount  of  land  in  those  districts  not 
belonging  to  the  United  States,  was  permanently  set  aside  for 
the  use  of  schools. 

This  grant  gave  for  the  use  of  schools  an  amount  of  land 
equal  to  one  square  mile  or  640  acres  for  each  surveyed  town- 
ship of  36  square  miles. 

The  practice  of  using  public  lands  for  the  support  of  schools 
had  been  from  early  colonial  times  a  common  New  England 
device  and  by  1647  certain  towns  had  "assumed  responsibility 

14  A  discussion  of  the  School  Lands,  with  maps,  methods  of  survey, 
etc.,  is  given  in  Chap.  III. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         13 

for  the  support  of  schools  out  of  public  property,  partly  through 
gifts  of  land  to  school  masters,  partly  by  setting  aside  grants 
of  land  as  a  permanent  endowment."15 

This  New  England  practice  first  found  state  wide  expres- 
sion when  Ohio  was  admitted  to  the  Union  and  from  that  time 
on  became  an  established  policy  in  the  admission  of  all  later 
states.  The  Ordinance  of  1785  "for  ascertaining  the  mode  of 
disposing  of  lands  in  the  Western  territory"16  reserved  section 
1 6  in  each  township  "for  the  maintenance  of  public  schools 
within  the  said  township."  This  provision,  according  to  Donald- 
son17 was  the  inception  of  the  rule  of  the  reservation  of  certain 
sections  of  land  for  school  purposes.  The  first  action  in  accord 
with  this  provision  occurred  within  the  next  two  years  when 
Manasseh  Cutler,  as  agent  for  the  Ohio  Company,  completed 
the  bargain  for  the  lands  acquired  by  the  company  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Muskingum.18  Not  only  did  Mr.  Cutler  obtain  a  re- 
affirmation  of  the  provision  for  the  grant  of  section  16  for  school 
purposes,  but  a  grant  of  section  29  in  each  township  for  the 
support  of  religion,  and  also  an  added  grant  of  two  townships 
for  the  support  of  a  University.  It  was  this  bargain  of  the 
Ohio  Company,  engineered  by  Manasseh  Cutler,  that  put  into 
actual  operation  the  provisions  of  the  Ordinance  of  1785  con- 
cerning school  lands.  This  was  followed  immediately  by  the 
Symmes  purchase,  between  the  Miami  Rivers,  and  sections  16 
and  29  were  similarly  reserved. 

With  the  admission  of  Ohio  as  a  state  the  same  provision 
for  schools,  section  16  or  its  equivalent  for  each  township,  was 
extended  to  the  remainder  of  the  state  except  the  portion  still 
held  by  the  Indian  tribes.  Ultimately  the  reservation  was  ex- 
tended to  all  territory  within  the  state. 

In  this  state  wide  grant  was  found  an  interest  that  directed 
the  attention  of  settlers  in  all  parts  of  the  state,  and  from  all 
parts  of  the  United  States,  to  the  purpose  for  which  the  grants 


15  Jernegan  —  Beginnings    of    Education    in    New    England.      School 
Review.     Vol.  23,  page  379.      • 

"Laws  of  U.  S.,  1789-1815.    Vol.  I,  Chap.  32. 
"T.  Donaldson  — The  Public  Domain.     Chap.  13. 
18  Hinsdale  —  The  Old  Northwest,  page  268. 


14  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

were  made,  the  schools.  The  first  legislation  concerning  schools 
is  found  in  efforts  made  to  work  out  a  method  of  handling  the 
school  lands,  and  they  remain  during  Ohio's  early  statehood  one 
of  the  persistent  incentives  to  educational  legislation  and  a  con- 
stant suggestion  of  a  state  school  system. 

The  first  general  school  act  for  Ohio  was  passed  January  22, 
182 1.19  It  is  a  significant  fact  that  the  four  men  most  instru- 
mental in  putting  on  the  statute  books  of  Ohio,  laws  providing 
for  a  tax  supported  system  of  common  schools  were  all  of  them 
born  in  Massachusetts.  These  men  were  Ephraim  Cutler, 
Caleb  Atwater,  Nathan  Guilford,  and  Samuel  Lewis. 

Ephraim  Cutler,  of  Ames,  Washington  county,  near  Mari- 
etta, was  the  son  of  Manasseh  Cutler,  the  inspired  lobbyist  of 
the  Ohio  Company.  He  was  born  in  Edgartown,  Mass.,  but 
spent  his  boyhood  in  Killingly,  Conn.,  with  his  grandparents,  and 
came  to  Ohio  in  his  early  manhood.  He  was  one  of  the  drafters 
of  the  state  constitution  and  it  was  due  to  his  efforts  that  there 
were  incorporated  the  clauses  providing  that  "religion,  morality 
and  knowledge,  as  essentially  necessary  to  good  government" 
were  to  be  supported  by  the  General  Assembly  and  "that  schools 
and  the  means  of  instruction  shall  forever  be  encouraged  by 
legislative  provision."20 

Judge  Cutler  in  December,  1819,  introduced  a  bill  in  the 
House  of  Representatives,  providing  for  a  system  of  common 
schools.  The  bill  as  introduced  was  passed  by  the  House  but 
allowed  to  die  without  action  in  the  Senate.  It  was  this  bill 
however,  that  led  to  the  law  of  1821,  a  substitute  measure  that 
did  little  more  than  outline  a  method  of  school  organization  and 
in  so  doing  recognized  the^  State's  responsibility  of  legislating 
for  schools. 

Caleb  Atwater  was  born  in  North  Adams,  Mass.21  He  was 
appointed  one  of  a  committee  of  seven,  in  December,  1821,  to 
consider  the  subject  of  schools  and  school  lands,  and  report  to 
the  House  of  Representatives.  As  a  result  of  the  deliberations 
of  this  committee  a  commission  of  five  was  appointed  in  January. 


"O.  LM  XIX,  21. 

20  Biography  of  Ephraim   Cutler,  pages  8,  114. 

21  History  of  Franklin  and  Pickaway  Counties,   Ohio,  page  98. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         15 

1822,  to  report  to  the  next  General  Assembly  on  a  system  of 
common  schools. 

This  commission  collected  much  valuable  material  which 
was  presented  to  the  Assembly  in  1823,  but  the  friends  of  educa- 
tion were  in  a  minority,  and  no  legislative  action  was  taken  dur- 
ing that  session.  One  of  the  members  of  this  commission  was 
Nathan  Guilford,  a  book  dealer  and  publisher  of  Cincinnati,  the 
editor  of  the  Freeman's  Almanac,  a  western  counterpart  of  Poor 
Richard,  popularly  known  as  Solomon  Thrifty's  Almanac. 

Mr.  Guilford  was  born  in  Spencer,  Mass.,22  and  was  edu- 
cated at  Yale.  He  was  a  constant  advocate  of  popular  educa- 
tion and  of  taxation  for  schools  in  Ohio. 

Samuel  Lewis,  Ohio's  first  and  greatest  State  Superintendent 
of  Schools,  was  born  in  Falmouth,  Mass.,23  but  came  to  Ohio 
as  a  boy.  He  was  the  author  and  prime  mover  for  the  school 
law  of  1838,  which  gave  to  Ohio  its  first  completely  organized 
school  system. 

The  act  of  1821  had  done  little  more  than  legalize  means 
by  which  the  settlers  in  the  townships  could  move  to  lay  off  dis- 
tricts and  establish  schools.  It  made  no  provision  for  taxation 
and  organized  no  definite  system.  It  was,  however,  important 
as  the  first  state  recognition  of  a  system  of  common  schools.  It 
was  evident  to  friends  of  public  education  that  the  law  of  1821 
was  inadequate  and  ineffective  and  there  began  at  once  a  cam- 
paign for  a  more  effective  law. 

Nathan  Guilford  used  the  sayings  of  Solomon  Thrifty  to 
arouse  the  people  of  the  state  to  the  need  of  a  free  common 
school  education.  In  1824  he  says:24  "The  Legislatures  of 
Ohio  and  Kentucky  have  taken  the  subject  of  free  schools  into 
consideration.  It  is  hoped  that  their  zealous  endeavors  to  es- 
tablish a  system  of  common  education  will  be  crowned  with 
success.  Millions  unborn  would  rise  and  bless  them." 

Caleb  Atwater  and  his  committee  after  careful  study  and 
much  correspondence  had  recommended  a  commission  of  seven 


22  History  of  Ohio.    Randall  and  Ryan.    Vol.  III.,  page  374. 

23  Biography  of  Samuel  Lewis.     Wm.  G.  W.  Lewis,  page  13. 

34  Freeman's   Almanac.     Maxims   and   Advice   of    Solomon   Thrifty. 
1824. 


16  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

to  report  on  the  subject  of  the  school  lands  and  a  school  system. 
This  commission25  consisted  of  Caleb  Atwater,  Rev.  John  Collins, 
Rev.  James  Hoge,  Nathan  Guilford,  Ephraim  Cutler,  Josiah 
Barber  and  James  Bell.  The  number  corresponded  with  the 
total  number  of  different  grants  of  school  lands  and  each  man 
was  to  study  and  report  upon  the  condition  of  the  lands  in  the 
territory  assigned  him.  Caleb  Atwater  was  assigned  the  Con- 
gress Lands;  John  Collins  the  Virginia  Military  Lands;  James 
Hoge  the  Refugee  Lands;  James  Bell  the  U.  S.  Military  Lands; 
Ephraim  Cutler  the  Ohio  Company  Lands ;  Nathan  Guilford  the 
Symmes  Purchase  Lands  and  Josiah  Barber  the  Connecticut 
Western  Reserve  Lands. 

It  was  evidently  the  original  opinion  of  many  of  the  settlers 
in  Ohio,  and  perhaps  the  design  of  Congress,  that  these  land 
grants,  if  properly  managed  would  support  public  schools  with- 
out a  tax  upon  the  citizens.  There  was  a  growing  belief,  how- 
ever, that  this  one  source  of  income  would  continue  to  prove 
inadequate.  Nathan  Guilford,  who  strongly  advocated  taxation, 
did  not  serve  upon  the  commission,  evidently  believing  he  could 
aid  the  cause  of  education  'better  as  a  free  lance.  He  addressed 
a  public  letter  to  the  chairman  of  the  board  arguing  for  a  school 
tax  upon  property  and  insisting  that  an  adequate  school  fund 
could  not  be  raised  from  the  school  lands  alone. 

The  commission  had  been  directed  to  report  upon  three 
topics  :  The  actual  condition  of  the  school  lands ;  a  bill  proposing 
a  system  of  school  law ;  a  report  on  the  necessity  and  value  of 
the  system  proposed.  Pamphlets  were  issued  on  these  topics 
and  widely  circulated,  and  served  to  awaken  an  interest  through- 
out the  state  in  public  education. 

The  system  proposed  was  modeled  on  the  New  York  State 
system.26  It  provided  for  an  economical  management  of  the 
school  lands,  but  made  no  provision  for  taxation.  The  legisla- 
ture of  1823  was  however  opposed  to  any  liberal  action  for 
public  education.  Atwater  says:27  "In  this  legislature  were 
many  influential  men  who  were  opposed  to  a  school  system,  to 


25  Atwater.     History  of  Ohio,  page  259. 
M  Biography   of    Samuel   Lewis,  page   101. 
"Atwater.    History  of  Ohio,  page  261. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         17 

a  sale  of  school  lands  and  to  internal  improvements."  *  *  * 
"This  session  had  a  majority  of  both  houses  opposed  to  a  school 
system  and  the  sale  of  school  lands,  and  all  that  was  done  by 
them  was  to  quarrel  about  these  subjects.  They  finally  broke 
up  in  a  row  and  went  home." 

In  the  campaign  for  the  state  election  of  1824  the  subjects 
of  internal  improvements,  the  public  school  system  and  the 
taxation  system  of  the  state  were  the  main  issues  before  the 
people.  A  majority  favorable  to  the  public  schools  and  internal 
improvements  was  chosen,  among  them  Nathan  Guilford, 
elected  to  represent  Cincinnati.  When  the  legislature  assembled 
Governor  Morrow  presented  the  necessity  for  adequate  legis- 
lation on  all  these  questions.  His  message  recognizes  the  dif- 
ficulty of  bringing  people  of  divergent  educational  views,  with 
no  common  educational  inheritance,  to  united  action  for  public 
schools.  In  discussing  the  subject  he  says:28  "In  this  state  there 
are  causes,  extensive  in  their  nature,  for  difference  of  opinion 
on  the  subject.  The  population  is  composed  principally  of 
emigrants  from  the  different  States  of  the  Union,  with  habits 
and  modes  of  thinking  on  the  subject,  as  different  as  are  the 
regulations  of  the  States  from  whence  they  came."  *  *  * 
"The  act  of  the  22nd  of  January,  1821,"  he  declares,  is  in- 
effective because  the  establishment  of  schools  and  school  dis- 
tricts was  made  optional  for  the  voters  in  each  township.  "Was 
this  act  made  positive,  and  in  some  respects  modified,  we  should 
have  a  system  in  force  —  perhaps  not  perfect  —  for  the  regula- 
tion of  common  schools,  which  could  be  further  improved,  as 
experience  under  it  should  point  out  its  defects.  A  joint  com- 
mittee29 was  at  once  appointed  in  the  General  Assembly,  to  study 
the  subject  and  report  an  adequate  bill.  Mr.  Guilford  was  made 
chairman  of  this  committee  and  drafted  the  report  and  bill, 
which  finally  passed  both  houses  without  amendment  and  be- 
came the  law  of  1825.  There  was  a  widespread  feeling  in  the 
state  against  imposing  a  tax  for  general  school  purposes,  but 
Mr.  Guilford  and  Mr.  Cutler  stood  firm  for  this  measure,  and 
with  the  assistance  of  the  supporters  of  the  public  school  idea, 


28  Ohio  School  System.     Taylor,  pages  132,  3. 

29  Ibid.,  page  141. 
Vol.  XXVII  — 2. 


18  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

insured  its  passage  by  forming  an  active  coalition  with  those 
legislators  who  were  working  in  the  interests  of  internal  im- 
provements, especially  the  advocates  of  state  canals.  In  this 
work  Mr.  Guilford  showed  himself  a  skilled  lobbyist  and 
shrewd  judge  of  men  in  his  personal  campaign  among  the  mem- 
bers of  both  houses.30 

While  the  vote  was  proceeding  in  the  house  Mr.  Cutler  stood 
beside  Mr.  Guilford  as  they  anxiously  awaited  the  outcome, 
and  when  the  result  was  announced,  and  it  was  assured  that 
taxation  for  education  had  prevailed  he  turned  to  his  companion 
and  exclaimed:  "Lord,  now  lettest  thou  thy  servant  depart  in 
peace,  according  to  thy  word,  for  mine  eyes  have  seen  thy  salva- 
tion." The  great  initial  victory  for  public  education  had  been 
won,  and  had  been  won  primarily  by  New  England  ideas  backed 
up  by  New  England  men. 

It  remained  to  give  these  ideas  and  this  system  effective 
organization.  This  was  not  accomplished  until  thirteen  years 
later,  in  1838,  under  the  leadership  of  Samuel  Lewis,  when  a 
wholly  new  school  code  was  adopted.  Following  the  act  of 
1825  there  were  numerous  modifications  and  amendments  of 
the  law  but  no  essential  change  in  the  system  of  administration 
was  made  until  1838. 

The  law  of  1825  had  made  no  provision  for  centralized  con- 
trol, and  had  created  no  adequate  machinery  for  uniting  the 
various  schools  and  districts  established  into  a  true  state  system. 
There  was  neither  state,  county,  nor  township  supervision, 
and  but  little  actual  knowledge,  and  no  control,  of  what  various 
communities  were  doing  educationally.  While  the  law  had 
established  the  fundamental  principle  of  taxation  for  schools, 
the  actual  system  remained  a  headless,  disjointed,  decentralized 
and  ineffective  one. 

The  first  suggestions  for  reform  came  from  the  friends 
of  education  in  Cincinnati.  A  group  of  teachers  and  other 
earnest  advocates  of  popular  education  had  organized  a  voluntary 
association  known  as  the  College  of  Teachers  or  Western  Ac- 
ademic Institute.31  This  body  met  annually  for  the  discussion 

"  Biography  of  Samuel  Lewis,  page  103. 
11 0.  L.,  XXX,  232. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         19 

and  study  of  educational  topics  and  attracted  to  its  meetings,  not 
only  Ohio  teachers,  but  educational  leaders  from  the  other 
western  states  as  well.  Partly  as  a  result  of  a  demand  for  a 
better  organization,  created  through  the  discussions  of  this  asso- 
ciation,32 a  bill  was  introduced  in  1837  to  create  the  office  of 
State  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools.  It  met  with  de- 
termined opposition,  but  finally  passed  the  House  by  a  vote 
of  35  to  34,  and  became  a  law  in  March,  of  the  same  year, 
with  a  decisive  vote  in  its  favor  in  the  Senate. 

Samuel  Lewis,  of  Cincinnati,  was  the  first  and  only  in- 
cumbent of  the  office,  which  he  held  for  three  years.  The  law 
of  1838  was  a  direct  result  of  the  work  of  his  first  year  and 
his  study  of  the  needs  and  conditions  of  schools  as  he  saw  them 
while  touring  the  state  visiting  the  schools  and  addressing  meet- 
ings, in  an  attempt  to  arouse  people  to  an  active  interest  in  the 
need  of  better  school  conditions.  In  this  work  he  visited  more 
than  300  schools,  traveling  on  horse-back  over  1,200  miles 
over  the  rough  country  roads,  visiting  schools  by  day,  address- 
ing public  meetings  by  night,  and  everywhere  preaching  the 
gospel  of  a  better  school  system  and  a  free  education  for  every 
Ohio  boy  and  girl.  He  always  found  it  hard,  and  often  dis- 
couraging work.  He  writes  from  Cleveland  in  November,  1837: 
"I  arrived  here  today  almost  worn  down ;  have  rode  on  an 
average  twenty-six  miles  a  day  this  week.  I  generally  spend 
three  or  four  hours  a  day  in  conversation,  answering  questions, 
giving  explanations,  and  making  suggestions.  It  is  harder  than 
it  would  be  to  deliver  an  address  every  day  an  hour  and  a  half 
long.  *  *  *  I  fear  you  overvalue  my  efforts.  *  *  *  I 
shall,  however,  do  my  best.  I  leave  here  pn  Monday,  if  health 
permit,  and  shall  get  along  as  fast  as  I  can  to  Columbus,  visiting 
on  my  route,  as  I  suppose,  about  sixteen  counties.  *  *  *  The 
task  before  me  is  so  great,  that  with  all  my  time  and  close  at- 
tention, I  shall  hardly  be  able  to  get  through."  In  a  later  letter 
he  writes :  "On  Saturday  last,  I  delivered  an  address  at  Canton, 
and  after  riding  twenty-six  miles  on  Monday,  spoke  in  the  eve- 
ning to  a  large  audience,  and  I  believe  I  did  good.  *  *  *  I 
work  hard  day  and  night,  and  I  find  it  a  kind  of  up-hill  business. 

"Biography  of  Samuel  Lewis,  pages  119,  120. 


20  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

If  men  would  only  do  something,  even  in  opposition,  it  would 
be  better  than  it  is.  Almost  every  man  agrees  with  me;  thou- 
sands listen  and  applaud;  and  even  candid  men  of  sense  declare 
they  have  never  heard  this  subject  treated  with  so  much  interest, 
and  then  leave  it  to  go  alone,  or  get  on  unaided  by  their  efforts. 
Still  I  am  not  discouraged,  but  am  determined  to  work  on  till 
my  report  is  in,  hoping  at  least  for  the  final  triumph  of  sound 
principles  and  practice."33 

His  report  for  the  year  1837,  based  on  his  own  observation 
and  such  statistics  as  he  could  gather  from  the  county  auditors, 
gave  the  first  assembled  information  about  the  common  schools 
of  the  state.  The  report  found  the  legislature  in  a  receptive 
mood,  and  the  law  of  1838  was  passed  with  but  little  opposition. 
The  essential  feature  of  the  new  law,  in  comparison  with  those 
that  had  preceded,  consisted  in  the  fact  that  it  gave  organization 
and  headship  to  the  system. 

The  new  code  retained  the  State  Superintendent  at  the  head 
of  the  schools ;  —  the  act  of  1837  had  created  the  office  — ,  but 
had  done  nothing  to  change  the  rest  of  the  law,  or  the  machinery 
of  administration.  In  each  county  the  new  law  made  the 
county  auditor  also  the  county  superintendent  of  schools,  and 
as  such,  responsible  to  the  State  Superintendent  in  all  educational 
affairs.  Similarly  in  each  township  the  township  clerk  was  made 
the  township  superintendent  of  schools,  subordinate  to  the  county 
superintendent. 

An  organization  had  been  established  by  means  of  which 
an  authorized  state  officer  could  reach  out  into  the  most  remote 
district  of  the  state,  either  to  give  help  or  information,  or  to 
see  that  the  law  was  obeyed.  If  equipped  with  the  proper  men, 
Ohio,  through  this  law,  had  the  mechanism  for  effective  educa- 
tional administration. 

The  real  strength  of  the  system  rested  in  the  office  of  State 
Superintendent.  Mr.  Lewis  filled  the  office  for  three  years,  and 
in  those  three  years  did  the  same  kind  of  work  for  Ohio  that 
Horace  Mann  was  doing  for  Massachusetts.  Unfortunately  for 
Ohio  and  her  subsequent  educational  history,  Mr.  Lewis,  because 
of  failing  health,  gave  up  the  office  after  three  years  of  tireless 

33  Biography  of  Samuel  Lewis,  page  123. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         21 

service,  and  the  legislature,  because  some  opposition  had  de- 
veloped, transferred  the  work  to  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of 
State.  This  office  was  given  four  hundred  dollars  additional 
for  clerk  hire,  and  the  work  became  the  collection  of  statistics 
and  making  of  reports,  not  the  administration  of  a  state  wide 
school  system. 

We  have  seen  that  the  old  New  England  idea  of  using 
lands  for  schools  first  found  application  in  Ohio,  and  that  New 
England  men  were  chiefly  instrumental  in  giving  to  the  State 
the  first  law  of  1821,  the  principle  of  taxation  in  1825,  and  the 
organized  system  of  1838.  We  may  now  turn  to  a  more  de- 
tailed study  of  the  laws  themselves. 

Before  doing  this  however,  a  few  words  must  be  said 
about  the  schools  from  1803  to  1821,  the  date  of  the  first  school 
law.  The  general  type  of  common  schools  during  this  period 
was  the  pay  or  subscription  school.34  The  following  agreements 
and  advertisements  give  a  picture  of  the  practice,  such  that  any 
added  explanation  is  unnecessary. 

An  advertisement  in  the  Western  Spy,  October  22,  1799, 
reads  as  follows : 

"ENGLISH  SCHOOL.  —  The  subscriber  informs  the  inhabitants  of  this 
town  that  his  school  is  this  day  removed,  and  is  now  next  door  to  Mr. 
Thomas  Williams,  skin-dresser,  Main  Street.  Gentlemen  who  have  not 
subscribed  may  send  their  scholars  on  the  same  terms  as  subscribers, 
(commencing  this  day).  He  also  intends  to  commence  an  evening  school 
in  the  same  'house  on  the  third  day  of  November  next,  where  writing  and 
arithmetic,  etc.,  will  be  taught  four  evenings  in  each  week,  from  6  to  9 
o'clock,  during  the  term  of  three  months.  The  terms  for  each  scholar 
will  be  two  dollars,  the  scholars  to  find  firewood  and  candles.  He  also 
furnishes  deeds  and  indentures,  etc.,  on  reasonable  terms." 

JAMES  WHITE." 

This  is  given  by  Venable,  together  with  the  following,  ap- 
pearing in  a  Cincinnati  paper  in  1804. 

34  The  Historical  Sketches  of  Ohio,   a  Centennial  publication  gives 
an  account  of  the  development  of  the  school  system  in  47  cities  and  vil- 
lages of  the  state.    In  41  cases  the  writers  mention  some  form  of  private 
school  as  preceding  or  paralleling  the  Public  School. 

35  Venable.      Beginnings    of    Literary    Culture    in    the    Ohio    Valley 
Pages  185,  6. 


22  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

"NOTICE.  —  The  public  in  general  and  my  former  subscribers  in  par- 
ticular,  are  respectfully  informed  that  I  expect  to  commence  school  again 
on  the  1st  day  of  January,  1805.  I  shall  teach  reading,  writing,  arith- 
metic and  English  grammar,  indiscriminately,  for  two  dollars  per  quarter. 
The  strictest  care  will  be  given  to  the  school,  as  my  circumstances  will 
then  admit  of  my  constant  presence  with  the  school.  Those  who  place 
confidence  in  my  abilities  and  fidelity  may  be  assured  that  both  will  be 
employed  to  please  the  parents  who  shall  commit,  and  benefit  the  children 
who  shall  be  committed  to  my  care." 

EZRA  SpENCER.35 

The  two  agreements  between  teacher  and  parents  which 
follow  illustrate  the  common  practice  in  the  employment  of  a 
teacher  and  establishment  of  a  school. 

"This  article  between  the  underscribed  subscribers,  of  the  one  partr 
and  Jabez  P.  Manning,  of  the  other,  Witnesseth :  That  said  Manning 
doth  on  his  part  engage  to  -teach  a  school  at  the  school-house  near  the 
center  of  Youngstown  for  the  term  of  one  quarter,  wherein  he  engages 
to  teach  reading,  writing,  arithmetic  and  English  grammar;  and  further- 
more, that  the  school  shall  be  opened  at  9  o'clock  A.  M.  and  close  at  4 
P.  M.,  of  each  day  of  the  week  (Saturday  and  Sunday  excepted),  and 
on  Saturday  to  be  opened  at  9  o'clock  and  close  at  12  o'clock  A.  M.,  and 
we,  the  subscribers,  on  our  part  individually  engage  to  pay  unto  the  said 
Manning  $1.75  for  each  and  every  scholar  that  we  subscribe  at  the  enJ 
of  the  term ;  and  we,  furthermore,  engage  to  furnish  the  necessary  ex- 
pense of  furniture,  wood,  and  all  other  things  necessary  for  the  use  of 
the  school.  Furthermore,  we  do  engage  that  unless  by  the  6th  ot  April 
of  the  present  year  the  number  of  scholars  subscribed  amount  to  35,  that 
the  said  Manning  is  in  no  way  obligated  by  this  article.  Furthermore, 
we  allow  the  said  Manning  the  privilege  of  receiving  five  scholars  more 
than  are  here  specified/'38 

"(Signed)"  J.  P.  MANNING. 

"Youngstown,  March  31,  1818." 

"We  the  subscribers,  do  hereby  mutually  agree  to  hire  Miss  Sally 
Rice  to  teach  a  school  in  the  school-house  near  Mr.  William  Smith's,  for 
the  term  of  three  months,  to  commence  on  the  9th  day  of  June,  instant. 
She  is  to  commence  the  school  at  the  hour  of  9  o'clock  in  the  forenoon, 
and  keep  until  12;  and  at  the  hour  of  1,  and  continue  until  4  o'clock  in 
the  afternoon.  She  is  to  teach  reading,  and  to  instruct  the  young  Misses 


35  V  enable.      Beginnings    of    Literary    Culture    in    the    Ohio    Valley. 
Pages  185,  6. 

86  Historical  Sketches  of  Ohio.     Youngstown. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         23 

in  the  art  of  sewing;  and  to  keep  all  necessary  regulations  as  is  usual  in 
schools;  for  which  we  agree  to  give  her  the  sum  of  one  dollar  and 
twenty-rive  cents  per  week  during  the  said  term,  which  sum  shall  be 
assessed  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  scholars-  we  have  set  to  our 
names.  Provided,  also,  that  in  case  more  are  sent  by  any  individual  than 
he  has  subscribed  for,  or  any  persons  send  who  do  not  subscribe,  they 
shall  be  assessed  in  proportion  to  the  number  they  send;  the  money  to  be 
assessed  and  collected  by  a  committee  to  be  appointed  for  that  purpose. 
And  for  the  performance  of  the  foregoing  we  hold  ourselves  bound." 
''Dated  this  8th  day  of  June,  A.  D.,  1814."  " 

This  last  agreement  was  for  a  school  taught  in  Warren, 
Washington  county,  and  was  signed  by  19  subscribers,  guaran- 
teeing 2&y2  pupils.  Ephraim  Cutler  leading  with  four,  while 
five  subscribers  sign  for  only  one-half  a  pupil  each. 


Biography  of  Ephraim  Cutler.     Page  172. 


CHAPTER  II 

THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  SYSTEM 

The  Public  School  System,  1803  to  1850. 

The  general  educational  legislation  of  this  period  is  con- 
cerned only  with  the  district  school.  There  was  no  general 
legislative  enactment  to  establish  secondary  or  higher  institutions 
of  learning  as  a  part  of  the  state  system  of  education,  and  it 
was  not  until  1847  tnat  there  was  any  legislation  to  make  pro- 
vision for  town  and  city  schools  and  a  graded  system,  other  than 
that  found  in  special  town  and  city  charters. 

The  chief  legislative  enactments  that  divide  this  period  and 
mark  especially  important  phases  in  the  growth  of  the  system 
of  public  schools  are  as  follows : 

I82I1  —  The  first  school  law.    Recognition  of  State  need  and 

responsibility. 

i8252  —  The  second  school  law.     The  first  tax  for  schools. 
i8383  —  A  state  system  organized.     A  definite  school  fund 

guaranteed  and  the  schools,*  in  theory,  made  free. 
1847-48*  —  The  Akron  Act  passed.    A  system  for  town  and 

city  schools  established. 

These  dates  mark  off  periods  that  may  be  roughly  charac- 
terized as  follows: 

1803  to  1821  —  Subscription  or  pay  schools. 
1821  to  1825  —  State  recognition  of  the  public  school  idea. 
1825  to  1838 — Property  taxation  to  aid  schools. 
1838  to  1850  —  Operation  under  a  loose  state  organization. 
1847  to  1850  —  The  development  of  town  and  city  school 
systems. 

1O.  L.,  XIX,  51. 
"O.  L.,  XXIII,  36. 
3  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  31. 

*  School  rates  were  not  definitely  abolished  from  the  Public  Schools 
until  after  1850.    Taylor.    The  Ohio  School  System.    Introduction,  page  4. 
40.  L.,  XLV,  local,   187. 

.(24) 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         25 

Numerous  school  laws  were  passed  from  1825  to  1838,  but 
the  changes  were  minor  in  character,  and  developed  no  new 
principles. 

A  clearer  view  o<f  the  growth  of  the  Public  School  System 
can  be  gained  if  the  more  important  phases  of  that  development 
are  treated  separately,  showing  the  various  stages  that  each  of 
these  phases  passed  through  during  the  entire  period. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  discussion  the  following  topics 
have  been  selected,  and  are  discussed  in  the  order  given  below. 

The  Organization  of  the  School  System. 

Methods  of  Common  School  Support. 

Control  and  Supervision  of  Schools. 

Certification  of  Teachers. 

School  Studies. 

Length  of  School  Year. 

School  Officers. 

Schools  for  Colored  Children. 

City  and  Village  School  Systems. 

THE  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  SCHOOL  SYSTEM,  1803-1850 

It  may  be  said  that  the  school  system  of  the  state  had  its 
beginning  in  the  grant  of  one  section  in  each  township  for  the 
use  of  schools  that  Ohio  received  from  the  United  States  when 
she  became  a  state.5  This  grant,  wasted  as  it  afterwards  was, 
served  as  one  center  of  common  educational  interest,  and  brought 
the  topic  of  common  schools  constantly  before  legislators  and 
people. 

The  unit  of  organization  during  the  entire  period  was  the 
district.  The  earliest  legislation  bearing  in  any  way  upon  the 
organization  of  schools  is  found  in  an  act  of  January  2,  i8o6,8 
establishing  the  method  of  incorporating  townships. 

This  act  provides:  "That  so  soon  as  there  are  twenty 
qualified  electors  in  any  original  surveyed  township  of  six  miles 
square,  or  fractional  township  within  the  state  wherein  there 


8  A  description  of  this  grant  and  the  use  made  of  it  will  be  found 
in  the  discussion  of  the  school  lands  in  Chapter  III. 
6  O.  L.,  IV,  56. 


26  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

is  the  reserved  section  number  16,  granted  by  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States  for  the  special  use  of  schools ;  they  are  hereby 
authorized  under  the  provision  hereafter  provided,  to  elect 
three  trustees  and  one  treasurer  for  the  purpose  of  taking  into 
their  care  the  section  above  mentioned,  who  shall  be  a  body- 
politic,  capable  of  suing  and  being  sued,  pleading  and  being 
impleaded." 

This  early  legislation  precedes  any  specific  school  act,  and 
is  found  in  the  laws  concerning  the  organization  o<f  the  township. 
It  is  the  undoubted  result  of  the  grant  of  school  lands  and  is 
an  indication  of  the  importance  of  this  grant  in  keeping  before 
the  people  the  ideal  of  state-wide  education. 

All  parts  of  the  state  had  land  set  aside  for  school  use. 
This  was  the  one  common  fact  in  all  attempts  to  meet  local 
educational  needs.  On  this  subject  there  had  to  be  legislation 
general  in  nature.  It  was  the  one  subject  of  common  educational 
interest.  This  earlier  legislation  was  concerned  primarily  in  de- 
termining how  the  scant  funds  from  this  source  might  be  legally 
used,  either  to  support  for  short  periods  schools  that  depended 
solely  on  this  source  of  income,  or  to  supplement  and  assist  pri- 
vate and  subscription  schools  of  various  kinds. 

The  trustees  chosen  in  compliance  with  this  legislation  of 
1806,  were  given  authority  to  divide  the  township  into  districts 
for  the  purpose  of  establishing  schools,  but  were  not  directed 
to  do  so.  They  were,  however,  directed  to  divide  the  profits7 
arising  from  the  school  lands,  among  the  districts  that  were 
established,  in  proportion  to  the  inhabitants.  In  passing  this  act, 
the  legislature  was  evidently  primarily  interested  in  the  man- 
agement of  Section  16,  not  in  the  establishment  of  schools. 
Those  townships  that  wished  to  do  it  were  given  the  right  to 
organize  districts  and  use  the  funds  obtained  from  the  school 
lands  to  support  their  schools.  It  is  evident  from  subsequent 
legislation,8  and  from  the  reports  of  Superintendent  Lewis,9  that 

1  Legal  provision  had  been  made  as  early  as  1803,  the  year  Ohio 
was  admitted,  for  renting  the  school  lands.  See  Chapter  III  for  a  dis- 
cussion ot  the  legislation  concerning  the  treatment  of  these  lands. 

8O.  L,  XXXIV,  19. 

'Ohio  Documents,  36th  G.  A.,  Doc   17,  pages  9,  10. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         27 

these  funds  were  also  used  to  pay  or  lessen  the  expense  of 
subscription  schools  already  under  way  in  the  community.  In. 
all  laws  touching  on  this  subject,  following  the  act  of  1806,  the 
township  trustees  are  the  officers  charged  with  the  duty  of 
dividing  the  township  into  school  districts,  but  the  final  decision 
as  to  whether  such  divisions  are  to  be  made  does  not  legally  rest 
with  them,  although  in  practice  it  is  evident  that  it  often  did  so: 

In  i8i4,10  in  an  act  supplementary  to  the  above,  it  was  made 
obligatory  upon  the  trustees  to  lay  the  township  off  in  districts 
upon  the  application  of  six  householders  of  the  township,  but 
no  penalties  were  imposed  for  a  failure  to  do  so.  This  same 
act  directed  that  those  establishing  a  school  in  a  district  should 
choose  three  (school)  trustees,  whose  sole  duties  seemed  to  be 
to  get  from  the  teacher  a  certified  list  of  the  pupils  who  had 
attended  the  schools,  and  the  length  of  time  they  had  been 
taught,  and  present  it  to  the  township  trustees  as  a  basis  for 
the  distribution  of  the  revenue  from  the  school  section. 

On  January  22,  182 1,11  Ohio's  first  general  school  act  was 
passed.  By  its  provisions  the  method  of  organizing  districts 
legalized  in  1814  is  evidently  repealed  though  it  is  not  so  speci- 
fied. The  specific  provisions  of  the  act  that  concern  organiza- 
tion are  that  the  voters  in  each  township  should  have  the  right 
to  vote  upon  the  question  of  districting  the  township.  In  case 
the  vote  was  in  favor  of  such  districting,  the  trustees  were  di- 
rected to  lay  off  the  school  districts  in  such  a  way  as  to  have 
not  less  than  twelve,  nor  more  than  forty  householders  in 
one  district.  They  were  also  directed  in  their  districting  to 
have  regard  to  any  school  companies  incorporated,  so  as  to  in- 
clude the  members  within  one  district. 

The  householders  in  each  district  were  to  elect  annually  a 
school  committee  of  three,  and  a  collector.  The  duty  of  the 
latter  was  evidently  to  collect  rates  for  the  support  of  the  school 
from  those  who  sent  children  to  it,  the  tax  for  building  a  school 
house  in  case  such  a  tax  was  levied,  and  any  amount  levied  as 
necessary  for  paying  the  rates  for  the  indigent  children  of  the 
district.  This  law  also  required  the  directors  to  appoint  a  dis- 

10  0.  L.,  XIV,  295. 

11  O.  L.,  XIX,  21. 


28  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

trict  clerk,  whose  duties  were  to  keep  a  record  of  the  meetings, 
make  out  the  tax  bills  when  a  tax  was  levied,  and  keep  such 
accounts  as  the  school  committee  might  direct. 

The  legislation  up  to  this  point  has  been  chiefly  concerned 
in  providing  an  organization  for  two  purposes :  a  fair  and  legal 
method  for  distributing  the  revenues  that  arose  from  the  school 
lands,  and  a  method  by  which  local  communities  could  legally 
lay  out  their  districts  and  set  up  schools.  There  was  nothing 
in  this  earliest  legislation  that  in  any  way  approached  a  state 
system,  or  compelled  any  state-wide  action  concerning  education. 

It  was  the  evident  intention  of  the  next  general  law,  passed 
in  i825,12  to  establish  a  system  that  should  be  state  wide  in  its 
operation.  Its  great  advance  over  preceding  laws  was,  however, 
in  its  use  of  the  principle  of  state-wide  taxation,  rather  than  any 
significant  change  in  the  organization  of  schools.  The  establish- 
ment of  districts  and  schools  remained  a  local  and  decentralized 
activity  and  no  true  state  system  was  formed. 

It  was  made  the  duty  of  the  township  trustees  to  lay  off 
each  incorporated  township  in  the  state  into  one  or  more  school 
districts.  Certain  negative  penalties  were  imposed  in  this  law 
upon  townships  that  were  not  divided  into  districts  and  upon 
districts  that  did  not  employ  teachers,  but  any  real  compelling 
force  that  such  a  provision  might  have  had,  was  destroyed  by 
the  excessive  liberality  of  the  time  limitation  allowed  to  meet 
the  minimum  requirements  of  the  law. 

No  township  was  entitled  to  receive  any  portion  of  the 
monies  collected  for  school  purposes,  either  from  the  school, 
lands  or  from  taxation,  unless  it  was  laid  off  into  districts.  (It 
might  be  laid  off  in  one  district  six  miles  square  and  meet  the 
legal  requirement.)  Furthermore,  if  it  were  not  laid  off  into 
districts  within  five  years,  the  money  due  it  arising  from  the 
school  tax  was  apportioned  to  the  other  townships  of  the  county 
which  had  been  so  laid  off.  Similarly,  any  district  which  for  a 
period  of  three  years  failed  to  hire  a  teacher  and  keep  a  school 
was  penalized  by  having  the  money  due  it  apportioned  to  the 
districts  that  obeyed  the  law. 


O.  L.,  XXIII,  2fi. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         29 

This  did  not  refer  to  the  money  from  Section  16.  By  the 
terms  of  the  original  grant,  this  was  set  aside  for  the  use  of 
the  schools  of  the  township,  and  the  funds  from  it  could  not 
be  alienated  to  the  use  of  another  township. 

The  law  of  1825  provided  for  a  school  tax,  and  the  penalty 
for  not  districting  the  township  consisted13  in  losing  after  a  five- 
year  period  the  township  share  in  this  tax.  No  provision  was 
made  other  than  this  for  the  enforcement  of  the  law.  There 
were  no  penalties  for  the  township  trustees,  and  no  officers, 
whose  duty  it  was  to  see  that  the  law  was  carried  into  effect. 
It  was  the  evident  idea  of  the  legislators  that  the  incentive 
afforded  by  a  share  in  the  school  tax  would  be  sufficient  to 
bring  about  the  erection  of  school  districts  in  all  the  townships 
of  the  state.  That  this  was  not  the  universal  result  is  shown 
by  the  fact  that  throughout  the  period,  even  as  late  as  1849,** 
there  reappears  in  general  laws  and  in  amendatory  and  supple- 
mentary acts  constant  directions  to  the  township  trustees  to  lay 
off  the  township  into  school  districts.  The  later  directions  prob- 
ably usually  refer  to  the  organization  of  new  counties  and  town- 
ships in  the  more  unsettled  portions  of  the1  state.  In  general, 
the  townships  seem  to  have  followed  the  mandates  of  the  law 
and  availed  themselves  of  the  opportunity  to  share  in  the  money 
raised  by  the  tax. 

Mr.  Lewis  in  his  first  report  as  State  Superintendent,  in 
i837,15  showed  that  there  were  7,748  organized  school  districts  in 
the  state.  There  were  1,129  townships  in  71  of  the  75  counties  of 
the  state,  which  would  give  an  average  of  nearly  seven  school 
districts  to  the  township,  an  indication  that  the  law  was  quite 
generally  obeyed.  There  was  however  no  uniformity  in  the 
amount  of  territory  included  in  the  districts  (an  entire  town- 
ship might  be  organized  as  one  district),  and  as  Mr.  Lewis 
pointed  out  the  number  in  each  township  did  vary  from  one  or 
two  to  eighteen.  The  district  lines  were  "frequently  made  on 
personal  considerations,  or  to  defeat  some  contemplated  improve- 


13  O.  L.,  XXIII,  36. 

14  O.  L.,  XLVII,  52. 

15  Documents  of  the  State  of  Ohio.    36th  Gen.  Assembly,  Doc.  No. 
17,  page  45. 


30  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

merit.  It  is  not  uncommon  to  find  districts  so  bounded  as  to 
exclude  whole  tracts  of  land  from  the  operation  of  the  law."16 
The  report  further  indicates  that  there  were  individual  town- 
ships even  in  the  older  counties  that  had  not  organized  school 
districts  at  the  date  of  the  report,  1837,  "and  many  more  in  the 
new  counties  that  have  just  commenced  operations." 

The  organization  within  the  district  was  effected  by  the 
district  meeting  chosing  three  directors,  who  were  to  have  direct 
control  and  management  of  the  schools. 

It  should  be  kept  clearly  in  mind  in  this,  and  subsequent 
legislation,  that  the  directors  are  officers  of  the  district,  the 
trustees  are  officers  of  the  township. 

The  only  compulsory  feature  in  the  district  organization 
was  a  fine  of  two  dollars,  which  was  provided  for  by  an  amend- 
ment in  i83O,17  imposed  upon  any  person  who  was  elected  school 
director  or  treasurer  and  refused  to  serve.  This  provision  was 
repeated  in  the  general  laws  of  i83218  and  i834-19 

These  amendments  were  evidently  caused  by  frequent  refusal 
to  serve  by  those  elected  to  the  school  offices  in  the  local  dis- 
tricts. That  the  work  was  a  real  burden  and  rested  upon  a 
small  army  of  local  school  officers  may  be  seen  in  another  quo- 
tation from  the  State  Superintendent's  first  report. 

"There  is  no  feature  in  the  present  law  more  burdensome 
than  that  of  requiring  so  many  officers  to  spend  several  days 
in  every  year  in  doing  what  would  be  better  done  by  one-fifth 
the  number.  *  *  *  The  amount  of  time  now  required,  if 
the  officers  do  their  duty,  will,  if  computed  at  the  average  price 
of  day  labor,  amount  to  a  heavier  tax  than  is  assessed  in  money 
for  the  support  of  schools.  *  *  *  There  are  now  38,740 
officers,  enough  certainly  to  break  down  any  system  however 
otherwise  good."20 

To  summarize:  On  the  side  of  local  organization,  the  law 
of  1825  directed  the  township  trustees  throughout  the  state  to 

18  Ibid.    Page  20. 

17  O.  L.,  XXVIII,  57. 

18  O.  L.,  XXX,  414. 

19  0.  L.,  XXXII,  25. 

20  Ohio  Documents,  36th.  G.  A.,  Doc.  17,  page  19. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         31 

lay  off  the  townships  into  school  districts,  in  which  the  electors 
might  organize  by  choosing  directors.  The  only  compulsion 
for  either  township  or  district  coming  from  a  loss  in  the  share 
of  the  school  tax. 

County  contact  with  the  township  and  district  was  first 
established  in  the  law  of  1825, 21  by  which  the  county  officials 
were  made  responsible  for  the  collection  and  distribution  of  the 
school  tax,22  and  through  the  appointment  of  a  Board  of  Ex- 
aminers by  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  This  county  relation- 
ship was  concerned  only  with  the  distribution  of  school  funds 
and  the  examination23  of  teachers,  and  had  no  direct  element 
in  it  of  control  or  supervision.  The  certification  of  teachers 
by  a  county  authority,  rather  than  a  local  authority,  did,  of 
course,  introduce  one  element  of  control. 

The  next  step  in  the  direction  of  county  organization  was 
taken  in  the  law  of  i836,24  which  provided  that  the  county 
auditor  should  open  an  account  directly  with  each  school  dis- 
trict in  the  county,  and  made  the  further  provision  that  each 
district  school  clerk  should  report  annually  to  the  county  auditor. 
The  county  auditor  became  the  intermediary  officer  in  gather- 
ing information  for  the  use  of  the  state  as  to  the  general  school 
conditions.  It  is  evident  that  the  legislature  felt  the  need  of 
information  regarding  school  conditions  throughout  the  state 
as  a  basis  for  legislative  action.  The  directions  are  specific  as 
to  the  information  wanted,  and  included  the  following  items: 

The  enumeration  of  white  children  from  four  to  twenty- 
one  years  old  in  the  district; 

The  time  the  school  had  been  kept  in  the  district 

The  time  the  school  had  been  supported  by  the  school  fund ; 

The  time  the  school  had  been  supported  by  taxation; 

The  time  the  school  had  been  supported  by  voluntary  sub- 
scription ; 

The  amount  of  money  from  each  source; 

The  number  of  children  that  had  been  taught; 


"O.  L.,  XXIII,  26. 

22  See  page  44  for  full  explanation  of  this  tax. 

23  See  page  54. 

24  O.  L.,  XXXIV,  19. 


32  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

The  whole  amount  spent  for  teachers'  wages; 

The  amount  paid  for  school-houses  and  repairs,  giving  as 
separate  items  the  sum  raised  by  taxation  for  this  pur- 
pose and  that  raised  by  voluntary  subscription. 

25Each  county  auditor  was  directed  to  make  an  abstract  of 
the  information  so  gathered  for  his  county,  and  to  report  the 
same  annually  to  the  General  Assembly. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  law  up  to  this  point  connected  the 
state,  county  and  district  into  a  loose  organization  through  a 
system  of  reports,  and  through  certain  financial  contacts  in 
the  collection  and  distribution  of  the  school  tax. 

The  system  lacked  a  supervising  head,  with  definite 
responsibility  for  following  up  the  directions  given  by  the  law, 
and  seeing  that  the  information  asked  for  was  actually  gath- 
ered and  used.  The  legislature  evidently  realized  this,  and  the 
following  year,28  1837,  passed  a  law  creating  the  office  of 
Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  with  an  annual  salary  of 
five  hundred  dollars. 

The  chief  duties  of  the  office  so  created  were  to  collect  and 
tabulate  statistics,  to  investigate  the  conditions  of  the  various 
school  funds  resulting  from  the  sale  of  lands,  and,  in  general, 
to  study  the  school  needs  of  the  state  and  suggest  plans  for 
better  regulation  and  control  of  educational  affairs  to  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly.  Samuel  Lewis  of  Cincinnati  was  appointed  to 
the  office  April  i,  i837.29  Following  his  recommendations,  the 


25  It  was  largely  from  these  abstracts  that  Mr.  Lewis  made  up  the 
statistical  tables  in  his  first  report.  He  recognized  the  incompleteness 
and  inaccuracy  in  them,  but  despite  that  gathered  much  valuable  informa- 
tion. In  commenting  upon  the  laxttess  shown  in  the  reports  he  says : 
"If  all  the  districts  had  reported  accurately,  the  result  would  be  bad 
enough ;  but  they  have  not.  *  *  *  There  are  in  the  State  75  counties 
of  which  62  have  reported  in  whole  or  in  part;  some  are  extremely  de- 
fective, not  only  on,  account  of  the  work  of  the  school  officers,  but  also 
the  extreme  carelessness  of  some  of  the  auditors.  Most  of  the  auditors, 
however  have  done  the  best  they  could  with  the  materials  furnished."27 

27  Documents.     Ohio.     36th.  G.  A.,  Doc.  17,  page  47. 

38  O.  L,  XXXV,  82. 

38  O.  L.,  XXXV,  local,  560. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         33 

legislature  enacted  in  i83830  an  act  for  the  support  and  better 
regulation  of  Common  Schools,  and  to  create  permanently  the 
office  of  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools.  Mr.  Lewis  had 
recommended  legislation  the  preceding  year,  which  had  included 
"School  libraries ;  a  state  school  fund  of  two  hundred  thousand 
dollars ;  township  high  schools ;  township  Boards  of  Education ; 
evening  schools  in  towns  and  cities;  county  superintendents;  a 
school  journal  to  be  distributed  to  school  officers  gratuitously; 
encouragement  for  the  formation  of  Teachers'  Institutes; 
authority  for  districts  to  borrow  money  to  erect  school-houses; 
the  employment  of  women  as  teachers ;  and  full  reports  from 
teachers  and  school  officers."31 

The  resulting  legislation  was  the  most  important  and  com- 
plete act  bearing  upon  public  education  passed  in  Ohio  from 
1803  to  1850,  and  was  the  last  school  code  passed  during  the 
period.  Much  of  its  effectiveness  was  destroyed  by  subsequent 
amendments  that  will  be  indicated,  but  the  act  in  itself  attempted 
to  establish  an  organized  system  of  common  schools  for  the 
state,  with  state,  county,  township  and  district  officers.  The 
State  Superintendent  stood  at  the  head  of  the  system.  In  each 
county  the  county  auditor  was  made  superintendent  of  common 
schools  for  the  county,  and  in  each  township  the  township  clerk 
was  made  superintendent  of  common  schools  for  the  township. 
The  district  meeting  elected  three  directors  as  in  the  case  of  the 
preceding  laws.  The  district  clerk  was  directed  to  make  an 
annual  report  to  the  district  meeting  and  to  file  a  copy  of  his 
report  with  the  township  clerk.  This  report  was  to  contain 
full  financial  and  educational  statistics  of  the  district  for  the 
year.  The  duties  of  the  township  clerk,  acting  as  superintend- 
ent, were  as  follows :  to  take  an  enumeration  of  the  youth  of 
school  age  in  each  district  of  the  township  (for  failure  to  do  this 
a  fine  of  $15  was  imposed  upon  him)  ;  to"  fill  vacancies  that 
occurred  in  any  board  of  directors  in  his  township;  to  appoint 
directors  in  case  the  district  meeting  failed  to  elect  themr  or  in 
case  the  directors  failed  to  serve,  and  if  those  who  were  ap- 
pointed refused  to  serve,  to  himself  perform  the  duties  of  the 

80  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  21. 

81  Ohio  Documents.    36th.  G.  A.,  Doc.  17,  pages  11-34. 
Vol.  XXVII  — 3. 


34  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

directors  for  the  district  in  question.  He  was  directed  further 
to  report  annually  to  the  county  superintendent  an  abstract  of 
the  reports  made  by  the  district  clerks,  and  it  was  made  his 
duty  to  visit  each  common  school  in  the  township  at  least  once 
a  year  to  examine  the  teacher's  record,  the  discipline  and  mode 
of  instruction,  and  to  keep  a  journal  of  his  observations.  He 
was  also  directed  by  the  law  to  estimate  each  year  the  addi- 
tional amount  necessary  to  be  raised  in  the  district  to  maintain 
six  months'  school  for  all  children. 

The  chief  duties  of  the  auditor  as  county  superintendent 
of  schools  consisted  in  transmitting  an  abstract  of  the  reports 
from  each  township  to  the  State  Superintendent,  and  in  dis- 
tributing blanks,  circulars  and  other  information  from  the  State 
Superintendent  to  the  proper  township  and  district  officers. 

It  will  be  seen  that  in  its  working  the  system  was  nominal 
rather  than  actual,  so  far  as  any  control  of  the  local  unit,  the 
district,  was  concerned.  It  was  designed  chiefly  to  afford  con- 
venience for  the  collection  of  data  needed  by  the  State  Super- 
intendent, and  the  dissemination  of  information  from  the  State 
Superintendent's  office.  It  did  provide  for  district  officers,  and 
even  the  possible  establishment  of  schools,  where  the  district 
failed  to  act,  by  giving  the  township  clerk  power  to  exercise 
the  authority  of  the  directors,  and  it  also  made  some  pretense 
at  supervision  through  the  same  officers.  Aside  from  this,  it 
was  a  loose  and  inefficient  system,  depending  for  its  value 
upon  the  energy  and  ability  of  the  State  Superintendent  in 
arousing  educational  sentiment  throughout  the  state,  and  upon 
the  thoroughness  with  which  the  township  clerk  performed  the 
duties  laid  upon  him.  There  was  still  no  actual  compulsion  in 
the  law. 

The  strong  points  of  the  system  consisted  in  the  definite 
relationship  established  through  state,  county,  township  and  dis- 
trict officers,  and  the  possibility  of  dissemination  and  collection 
of  educational  information  through  these  channels.  Its  real 
effectiveness  depended  upon  the  wise  leadership  of  the  State 
Superintendent.  The  law  pointed  out  the  way  to  a  school  sys- 
tem, and  the  Superintendent,  as  an  authorized  educational 
agent,  could  do  much  to  arouse  state-wide  interest  in  the 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  18^0.         35 

schools.      In    his    Third    Annual    Report    in    1839,    Mr.    Lewis 
speaks  of  the  law  in  the  following  words: 

"This  law,  though  not  perfect,  was  the  best  that  could  be  passed; 
and  with  all  its  imperfections,  I  still  think  it  is  better  adapted  to  our 
wants  than  any  other  school  law  that  has  come  under  my  notice.  It  gives 
to  the  people  the  power  to  do  their  own  business,  whether  in  townships 
or  districts,  as  the  majority  may  think  best.  The  widest  possible  latitude 
is  given  for  popular  action.  The  most  that  the  law  does  is  to  prescribe 
certain  general  rules  within  which  the  people  can  act  under  the  sanction 
of  the  law,  and  it  gives  to  such  popular  action  the  aid  of  law  to  effect 
its  purpose.  An  arbitrary  law  imposing  duties  binding  upon  the  people 
without  their  assent  could  prescribe  the  forms  and  details  of  the  work 
in  a  few  words  and  with  great  simplicity.  Such  would  do  for  despotic 
countries,  but  in  a  free  country  where  the  actors  are  a  people  whose 
action  depends  upon  their  own  wills,  there  must  be  a  wide  scope  given, 
allowing  each  district  to  accommodate  its  own  peculiar  views,  requiring 
it  only  to  keep  within  the  general  outlines  (and  they  must  be  only  out- 
lines) laid  down  by  the  law."32 

The  effectiveness  of  the  organization  was  destroyed  by 
action  of  the  legislature  March  23,  i84O,33  when  the  office  of 
State  Superintendent  was  abolished,  and  the  work  of  tabulating 
and  transmitting  school  statistics  and  other  educational  informa- 
tion was  transferred  to  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State. 

The  one  other  point  at  which  the  law  had  promise  of 
effectiveness  was  in  the  creation  of  the  township  and  county 
superintendents.  The  weakness,  of  course,  was  in  attaching 
these  offices  as  mere  appendages  to  the  duties  of  the  county 
auditor  and  the  township  clerk. 

The  supervisory  duties  of  the  township  clerk  were  made 
dependent  upon  the  decision  of  the  township  trustees  in  1839," 
and  the  amount  of  pay  for  the  supervision  of  any  one  school 
limited  to  a  maximum  of  one  dollar  for  any  one  year.  This 
made  actual  supervision  practically  impossible.  The  results  of 
these  two  acts  were  to  leave  the  system  without  effective  leader- 
ship and  largely  to  destroy  any  possibility  of  controlling  the 


"Third  Annual  Report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools, 
Ohio,  page  4. 

83  O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  131. 
**O.  L.,  XXXVII,  61. 


36  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

school  work  of  the  district  through  supervision.  There  were 
portions  of  the  state  where  the  organization  was  felt  to  be 
ineffective.  Samuel  Lewis  had  advocated  county  supervision, 
and  the  appointment  of  the  county  auditor  to  this  position  was 
felt  by  many  not  to  meet  educational  needs.  Voluntary  asso- 
ciations of  teachers35  discussed  the  question  of  school  organiza- 
tion in  their  conventions.  In  1846  Henry  D.  Barnard  of  Con- 
necticut came  to  Ohio  and  lectured  in  numerous  towns  and 
cities,36  urging  the  cause  of  free  public  schools. 

As  one  result  of  these  discussions  numerous  petitions  were 
circulated  in  the  northern  and  central  portions  of  the  state, 
asking  for  a  law  that  would  give  county  supervision.  In  i84737 
the  legislature  passed  a  weak  permissive  act  applicable  to 
twenty-five  counties  located  largely  in  the  Western  Reserve  and 
in  the  central  portion  of  the  state  near  Columbus.  This  act 
shows  clearly  the  general  legislative  willingness  to  legalize  edu- 
cational procedure  and  the  unwillingness  to  adopt  means  to 
enforce  the  measures  given  the  sanction  of  law. 

The  twenty-five  counties  in  question  were  allowed  to  have 
county  superintendents.  The  initiative  was  left  in  the  hands 
of  the  county  commissioners,  who  were  authorized  to  set  aside 
such  sum  as  they  deemed  proper  for  the  payment  of  a  county 
superintendent.  They  were  allowed  to  levy  a  tax  for  the  pur- 
pose if  they  wished  to  do  so.  If  a  sum  were  set  aside  for  the 
support  of  this  office,  the  county  superintendent  was  elected  by 
the  district  clerks  of  the  county.  He  became  chairman  of  the 
county  Board  of  Examiners,  and  was  directed  to  visit  annually 
each  common  school  in  the  county  as  a  supervising  officer. 

The  provisions  of  this  act  were  made  applicable  to  all 
counties  in  the  state  the  next  year,  i848.38  The  act  remained 
virtually  a  dead  letter  in  the  original  twenty-five  counties  as  well 
as  in  the  rest  of  the  state.  It  simply  pointed  out  a  way  in 
which  a  county  might  legally  appoint  a  county  superintendent 


^See  Chapter  VI,  page  129,  for  a  brief  account  of  some  of  these 
associations. 

Taylor,   page  359. 
"  O.  L.,  XLV,  32. 
"  O.  L.,  XLVI,  86. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.        37 

of  schools  if  it  really  wished  to  do  so,  and  it  left  the  initiative 
in  the  hands  of  the  county  commissioners,  who  were  apt  to  be 
guided  in  action  by  financial  considerations  more  than  by  edu- 
cational needs.39 

The  legislature  in  i85O40  passed  another  act  that  created 
again  the  office  of  State  Superintendent,  but  in  a  quite  different 
form.  This  law  was  not  permissive  in  form,  but  never  actually 
came  into  operation  as  the  General  Assembly,  which  was  the 
appointing  body,  allowed  it  to  lapse  through  its  failure  to  ap- 
point the  officers  provided  for  in  the  law.  In  brief,  this  law 
provided  for  a  state  board  of  public  instruction  to  consist  of 
five  members,  appointed  by  the  General  Assembly.  The  first 
members  were  to  be  appointed  for  one,  two,  three,  four  and  five 
years.  After  that  one  member  was  to  be  appointed  each  year. 
Each  member,  during  the  last  year  of  his  term,  was  styled  the 
State  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  and  carried  on  the 
duties  of  that  office.  These  duties  were  largely  limited  to  the 
collection  of  statistics  and  reporting  the  results  to  the  General 
Assembly.  The  state  was  to  be  divided  into  four  districts  by 
the  board,  and  each  of  the  other  members  to  serve  as  a  district 
superintendent.  In  this  service  they  co-operated  with  the 
county  examiners  and  their  signatures  were  necessary  to  give 
validity  to  teachers'  certificates.  The  State  Superintendent  was 
to  prepare  questions  for  all  teachers'  examinations.  Teachers 
were  required  to  pay  one  dollar  on  the  receipt  of  certificates. 
The  payment  of  this  dollar  entitled  each  teacher  to  receive  a 
state  educational  paper,  and  to  attend  teachers'  institutes.  All 
fees  and  subscriptions  to  the  school  paper  were  to  be  paid  to 
the  state  treasurer  and  out  of  the  fund  so  created  the  salaries 
of  the  state  board  were  to  be  paid.  The  salaries  were  one 
thousand  dollars  for  each  district  superintendent,  and  twelve 
hundred  dollars  for  the  State  Superintendent.  The  law  spe- 
cifically provided  that  no  money  from  any  other  source  should 
be  used  in  the  payment  of  these  salaries.  This  law  represented 
the  efforts  of  the  teachers'  associations  and  the  friends  of  edu- 


39  Two   counties,    Ashtabula   and    Sandusky,   elected    superintendents 
under  this  law.     Taylor,  page  360. 

40  O.  L.,  XLVIII,  44. 


38  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

cation  throughout  the  state.  They  were  successful  in  getting 
the  law  upon  the  statute  books  by  placing  the  responsibility 
for  financing  it  upon  the  teachers  themselves.  The  law,  how- 
ever, as  has  been  said,  was  never  put  in  active  operation. 

Summary. 

The  district  was  the  unit  of  school  organization  throughout 
this  period.  A  state  organization  was  formed  in  1838  with 
county  and  township  officers.  The  effectiveness  of  the  county 
and  township  organizations  was  largely  nullified  by  attaching 
the  duties  of  the  school  officials  to  offices  primarily  created  for 
other  purposes.  The  greatest  possibility  of  usefulness  in  the 
system  rested  in  the  State  Superintendent,  and  this  office,  after  a 
three  years'  trial,  was  abolished,  and  its  duties  transferred  to 
the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  where  it  became  largely  a 
clerical  function. 

METHODS  OF  COMMON  SCHOOL  SUPPORT 

The  subject  of  the  support  of  common  schools  during  this 
period  is  an  involved  one  as  there  are  many  sources  of  revenue 
and  frequent  changes  in  legislation.  These  sources  may  be 
classified  as  follows: 

School  rates  paid  by  parents ; 

The  revenue  from  school  lands; 

Permanent  funds; 

Revenue  from  the  United  States  surplus; 

A  guaranteed  state  school  fund; 

State  taxation  for  school  support; 

County  taxation  for  school  support; 

Optional  township  taxation   for  school  support; 

District  taxation  for  school  support; 

Revenue  from  fines,  penalties  and  fees  of  various  kinds ; 

District  taxation  for  school  buildings; 

Voluntary  contributions   for   school  buildings. 

Contributions  and  bequests. 

Rates  Paid  by  Parents. 

It  has  already  been  said  that  the  earliest  schools  in  Ohio 
were  subscription  or  pay  schools.  The  responsibility  for  the 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         39 

education  of  the  child  during  the  first  twenty-two  years  of 
statehood  rested  on  the  parents,  not  upon  society  or  the  state, 
except  as  the  money  received  from  Section  16  might  assist  in 
maintaining  the  local  school.  The  principle  of  school  rates  for 
at  least  a  portion  of  the  expense  was  recognized  in  the  laws  of 
:82i,41  i829,42  i83i,43  1834;"  and  i836.45  In  the  three  acts 
last  cited  it  was  provided  that  the  parents  should  pay  any  addi- 
tional amount  needed,  unless  it  were  raised  by  voluntary  sub- 
scription. Provision  was  also  made  for  the  exemption  of  indi- 
gent students.  School  rates,  as  a  source  of  revenue,  were  not 
specifically  recognized  in  the  code  of  i838,46  but  reappeared  the 
following  year  in  an  amendment,47  and  remained  until  1850  as 
a  legal  source  of  support. 

The  practical  working  of  the  law  and  its  amendments  is 
well  shown  by  another  quotation  from  Mr.  Lewis's  first  report.53 

"As  it  will  be  impossible  to  give  a  full  history  of  my  observations, 
an  example  of  the  several  classes  must  suffice.  In  one  town  a  free 
school  is  taught  three  months  in  the  year,  by  one  teacher,  in  a  district 
where  more  than  one  hundred  children  desire  to  attend;  they  rush  in 
and  crowd  the  school  so  as  to  destroy  all  hope  of  usefulness,  the  wealthy 
and  those  in  comfortable  circumstances,  seeing  this,  withdraw  their  chil- 
dren or  never  send  them;  the  school  thus  receives  the  name  of  a  school 
for  the  poor,  and  its  usefulness  is  destroyed.  This  example  is  one  that 
represents  nearly  all  the  free  schools  in  the  State,  as  well  in  the  country 
as  in  the  cities  and  towns. 

"Another  and  much  larger  number  of  the  districts,  adopt  a  practice 
of  which  the  following  is  an  example:  The  district  has  funds  which 
would  pay  a  teacher  one  quarter  or  less,  but  in  order  to  keep  up  a 
school  as  long  as  possible,  it  is  divided  between  two  or  more  quarters ; 
the  teacher  makes  his  estimate  of  the  amount,  besides  public  money,  that " 
must  be  paid  by  each  scholar  and  gets  his  subscription  accordingly.  Here 
none  send  but  those  who  can  pay  the  balance ;  of  course  the  children  of 
the  poor,  the  very  intemperate  and  careless,  with  sometimes  the  inordinate 
lovers  of  money  are  left  at  home. 

41  O.  L.,  XIX,  51. 

43  O.  L.,  XXVII,  73. 

43  O.  L.,  XXIX,  414. 

44  O.  L.,  XXXII,  25. 

45  O.  L.,  XXXIV,  19. 

46  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  21. 

47  O.  L.,  XXXVII,  61. 

53  Ohio  Documents,  36th.  G.  A.,  Doc.  17,  pages  8  ff. 


40  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

"This  mode  though  it  defeats  the  primary  object  of  the  law,  really 
secures  a  greater  aggregate  amount  of  instruction  than  the  other.  An- 
other class  proceeds  on  the  same  plan,  with  the  exception  that  the 
teacher  is  bound  to  take  the  very  poor  free,  if  they  prove  their  total 
inability  to  pay.  This  is  but  little,  if  any,  better  than  the  last,  since  the 
poor  woman  must  humble  herself,  and  in  effect  take  the  benefit  of  the 
poor  law,  before  she  can  get  her  children  into  school.  *  *  * 

"Another  part  of  this  class  is,  where  the  directors  agree  with  the 
teacher  at  so  much  per  month,  and,  after  expending  the  school  money, 
levy,  under  the  statute,  a  tax  on  the  scholars  for  the  residue,  sometimes 
admitting  the  poor,  and  sometimes  rejecting  all  that  are  unable  to  pay 
the  difference. 

"In  some  towns  all  the  teachers  receive  a  portion  of  the  public 
money  at  the  rate  of  so  much  per  scholar,  which  they  deduct  from  the 
subscription  price.  In  these  cases  the  schools  are  all  strictly  private, 
and  no  provision  whatever  is  made  for  the  poor.  The  officers  in  one 
place  where  this  practice  prevails,  said  that  'if  the  schools  were  free, 
they  would  be  so  crowded  as  to  be  useless,  unless  they  had  more  funds, 
but  by  the  mode  they  adopted,  every  man  who  sent  to  school  got  a  part 
of  the  public  money;'  if  he  was  not  able  to  pay  the  balance  he  was 
punished  by  losing1  the  whole;  which  is  certainly  a  bad  feature  in  the 
practice,  and  a  gross  violation  of  law.  Another  custom  is  not  to  draw 
the  school  money  for  several  years,  and  then,  say  once  in  two  or  three 
years,  they  can  keep  a  crowded  free  school  from  three  to  six  months.  In 
some  places  public  schools  have  not  been  taught  this  two  years. 

"These  examples  give  the  practice  in  all  the  school  districts  in  the 
State;  the  second  and  third  named  prevail  the  most  generally;  but  it  is 
not  uncommon  to  find  all  the  examples  adopted  in  different  districts  in 
the  same  township." 

Revenue  from  School  Lands. 

The  revenue  from  Section  16,  or  land  given  in  lieu  of  Sec- 
tion i6,48  was  by  the  terms  of  the  grant  to  be  used  for  the  edu- 
cation of  the  children  of  the  township  or  district  of  country  to 
which  it  belonged.  The  basis  of  distribution  within  the  town- 
ship finally  came  to  be  the  number  of  white  unmarried  youth 
from  four  to  twenty-one  years.  The  different  bases  of  distri- 
bution used  before  this  were  as  follows: 

i8o549  —  So  that  all  citizens  in  the  township  shall  obtain 
equal  advantages. 


-O.  L.,  Ill,  47,  Enabling  Act,  reprinted. 
°O.  L.,  Ill,  230. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         41 

i8io50  —  In  proportion  to  the  scholars  and  the  time  taught. 

i82551  —  In  proportion  to  the  number  of  families  in  each 
district. 

183 152  —  In  proportion  to  the  unmarried  white  youth  from 
four  to  twenty-one. 

In  the  Virginia  Military  District  the  basis  for  distribution 
by  the  act  of  February  9,  i829,54  was  made  all  children  from 
the  age  of  four  to  sixteen,  instead  of  four  to  twenty-one.  This 
was  changed  to  children  from  the  age  of  four  to  twenty-one  in 
183 1,55  and  a  five  hundred  dollar  penalty  assessed  upon  county 
auditors  if  they  failed  to  make  triennially  a  report  of  the  number 
of  school  youth  of  this  age  in  their  respective  counties.  In 
i83656  the  proportionate  amount  of  territory  in  each  county  was 
used  as  the  basis  of  apportionment  in  this  particular  district. 

Permanent  Funds. 
School  lands. 

In  1809"  the  school  lands  set  aside  for  the  Virginia  Military 
District  were  offered  for  sale  at  a  minimum  price  of  two  dollars 
per  acre,  and  the  funds  deposited  with  the  state  treasurer, 
to  be  funded  and  the  income  used  for  the  support  of  schools 
within  this  district. 

The  policy  of  selling  the  school  lands  in  the  rest  of  the 
state  was  adopted  in  i82758  and  was  followed  immediately  by 
another  act59  creating  a  permanent  school  fund.  The  money 
from  the  sale  of  school  land  was  to  be  paid  into  the  state  treasury, 
and  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  particular  townships  to  which  the 
land  belonged. .  This  was  impossible  in  the  case  of  such  dis- 
tricts as  the  Western  Reserve,  the  Virginia  Military  District, 


80  O.  L.,  VIII,  100. 
51 0.  L.,  XXIII,  36. 
82  O.  L.,  XXXII,  25. 
M  O.  L.,  XXVII,  51. 
15  0.  L.,  XXIX,  229. 
MO.  L.,  XXXIV,  469. 
67  O.  L.,  VII,  109. 
"  O.  L.,  XXV,  26. 
89  O.  L.,  XXV,  78. 


42  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

and  the  United  States  Military  District,  as  the  land  had  not 
been  giveri  to  the  townships,  but  to  the  districts  as  a  whole.  In 
these  cases  the  money  was  set  aside  for  the  use  of  schools  in 
the  territories  named.  The  amount  so  paid  in  constituted  an 
irreducible  fund  upon  which  the  state  pledged  its  faith  to  pay 
an  annual  interest  of  six  per  cent  for  the  use  of  schools  in 
the  township  or  district.60  The  lands  were  to  be  sold  at  the 
appraised  value  with  no  minimum  price  attached.  This  act  also 
provided  that  the  money  from  the  sale  of  the  salt  lands,  which 
had  not  been  originally  given  for  the  use  of  schools,  should  be- 
come a  permanent  fund  belonging  in  common  to  the  people  of 
the  state  for  school  use.  To  this  fund  was  to  be  added  any 
donations,  bequests,  etc.,  that  might  be  made  to  the  state  for 
the  use  of  schools.  The  moneys  from  the  two  last  sources  were 
to  be  funded  until  1832,  and  thereafter  interest  was  to  be  dis- 
tributed to  the  counties  of  the  state  in  proportion  to  the  white 
male  inhabitants  over  twenty-one  years  of  age.  These  funds 
were  loaned  to  the  state  for  the  purpose  of  building  canals  in 
i83O,61  and  from  this  time  on  the  principle  was  followed  of  using 
the  funds  for  state  purposes,  and  pledging  the  faith  of  the  state 
for  the  payment  of  annual  interest  on  the  debt  so  incurred. 

The  amount  of  funds  derived  from  this  source  is  shown  for 
the  years  1830,  1836  and  1846,  as  follows : 62 

1830  1836  1846 

Virginia   Mil.    Sch.   Lands....  $47,014.31  $117,884.64  $135.033.96 

U.  S.  Mil.  Sch.  Lands '.  27,895.50  101,256.71  119.871.09 

Salt  Lands  10,004.20  24,788.22 

Sec.   No.   16    82,626.31  563,578.63  999,963.24 

Western    Reserve   Sch.   Lands  147,027.0}  158,659.01 

Moravian  Tract  Sch.  Lands..  1,049.82 


Totals    .  $167,540.32        $954,535.21         $1,414,577.12 


*°  The  money  paid  into  the  treasury  from  the  school  lands  was  used 
by  the  State  in  its  canal  projects,  and  interest  paid  upon  the  'debt  so  in- 
curred. 

§1  O.  L,  XXVIII,  55. 

toO.  L.,  XXVIII,  Auditor's  reports;  0.  L.,  XXXV,  Auditors  re- 
ports; O.  L.,  XLV,  Auditor's  reports. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.        43 

Surplus  Revenue. 

In  i83/63  the  surplus  revenue  received  from  the  United 
States  was  apportioned  among  the  counties,  the  net  income  from 
this  source  to  be  used  for  the  support  of  common  schools.  The 
method  used  for  deriving  an  income  was  as  follows.  Each 
county  was  held  responsible  for  the  payment  of  five  per  cent 
interest  annually  on  the  amount  apportioned  to  it.64  This  five 
per  cent  was  paid  annually  to  the  state  treasurer  and  redistrib- 
uted throughout  the  state  for  the  use  of  schools.  Any  amount 
of  revenue  that  the  county  had  derived  from  the  fund  above 
five  per  cent  might  be  retained  by  it  and  used  for  internal 
improvements,  for  the  support  of  common  schools  or  for  the 
building  of  academies.  The  entire  fund  apportioned  to  Ohio 
from  this  source  was  $2,oo7,26o.34.63  This  fund  was  used  in 
this  way  for  the  support  of  schools  until  1850,  but  was  finally 
pledged  by  the  state  for  the  payment  of  debts  incurred  in  the 
building  of  state  canals,  and  passed  from  the  school  finances 
subsequent  to  this  date. 

State  School  Fund. 

The  law  of  i83866  established  for  the  first  time  a  guaran- 
teed state  common  school  fund  of  two  hundred  thousand  dollars. 
This  was  to  be  derived  from  the  interest  on  the  Surplus  Rev- 
enue,67 the  interest  on  the  proceeds  of  salt  lands,  and  the  rev- 
enue68 from  banks,  insurance  and  bridge  companies.  The  state 
was  to  supplement  from  other  funds  whatever  amount  was 
needed  to  bring  the  total  annual  revenue  up  to  two  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  The  added  amount,  when  necessary,  was 
raised,  in  fact,  by  a  state  tax.  The  amount  of  this  guaranteed 


63  O.  L.,  XXXV,  97. 

MThe  amount  distributed  to  the  Ohio  counties  in  1837  was 
$1,882,418.92. 

85  Ohio  Documents.    36th  Gen.  Assembly.     Doc.  3,  page  8. 

66  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  21. 

"Ohio's  share  of  the  surplus  revenue  distributed  to  the  several 
states  by  the  United  States  amounted  to  $2,007,260.34. 

"The  revenue  from  the  state  tax  on  banks,  insurance  and  bridge 
companies  is  reported  by  the  state  treasurer  in  1837  as  $64,931.53* 

*  Ohio  Documents.     36th  Gen.  Assembly.     Doc.  2,  page  3. 


44  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

fund  was  subsequently  in  1842™  reduced  for  one  year  to  one 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  and  in  the  following  year70 
the  money  arising  from  licenses  on  peddlers,  from  auction  duties 
or  licenses  on  auctioneers,  and  from  taxes  levied  on  lawyers  and 
physicians,  was  added  to  this  fund,  the  effort  evidently  being  to 
raise  the  amount  of  the  fund  without  the  necessity  of  taxation. 
The  basis  for  distribution  of  this  fund  to  the  counties  was 
made  the  number  of  white  youth  between  the  ages  of  four  and 
twenty  years,  resident  in  the  county. 

Taxation. 

The  principle  of  taxation  for  the  support  of  schools  first 
appeared  in  the  general  school  act  of  i825,71  by  which  the 
county  commissioners  in  each  county  were  directed  to  levy  a 
tax  of  y2  mill  on  the  taxable  property  of  the  county  for  the 
use  of  schools.  This  principle  continued  from  this  date,  and 
was  later  supplemented  by  a  state  tax  and  an  optional  town- 
ship or  district  tax.  The  provisions  of  the  laws  concerning 
taxation  up  to  and  including  the  general  law  of  1838  are  sum- 
marized in  the  following  statement.  (This  includes  only  taxa- 
tion for  school  support.  The  provisions  for  taxation  for  school 
building  purposes  are  given  separately.) 

Year     Amount. 

County  tax   required1*    1825        ^  mill. 

County  tax  required7*    1829        $£  mill. 

County  tax  required74  1831  24  mill.  County  commissioners  may  as- 
sess %  mill  additional. 

County  tax  required"  1834  1  mill.  County  commissioners  may  as- 
sess l/2  mill  additional. 

County  tax  required"  1836  \l/2  mills.  County  commissioners  may  as- 
sess l/2  mill  additional. 


"O.  L.,  XL,  59. 
TOO.  L.,  XLII,  38. 
71  O.  L,  XXIII,  36. 
"O.  L.,  XXIII,  36. 
71 0.  L.,  XXVII,  73. 
74  O.  L.,  XXIX,  414. 
TiO.  L.,  XXXII,  25. 
"0.  L.,  XXXIV,  19. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.        45 

Year     Amount. 

County  tax  required"  1838  2  mills,  flf  the  county  commissioners 

failed  to  levy  the  additional 

Tp.  tax  T*  1836  optional.^  l/2  mill  tax,  the  township 

might  vote  to  raise  an  addi- 
tional ll/2  mill  tax. 

Tp.  tax  1838  optional.  The  township  might  vote  an 

added  amount  necessary  to 
maintain  schools'  six  months.7* 
Not  to  exceed  two  mills  ad- 
ditional. 

State  tax  1839  variable.  An  amount  necessary  added  to 

the  revenue  from  the  perma- 
nent fund  to  produce  $200,- 
000"  annually.80  y*  mill  levied 
by  the  state  in  1838. 

In  i83981  the  law  was  amended  to  allow  the  county  com- 
missioner to  reduce  the  county  tax  to  any  sum  not  less  than 
one  mill,  instead  of  maintaining  a  flat  rate  of  two  mills  through- 
out the  state  as  the  act  of  1838  had  done,  and  in  i847,82  the 
sentiment  against  taxation  for  school  support  was  so  strong 
in  the  General  Assembly  that  the  county  commissioners  were 
forbidden  to  levy  more  than  2/5  of  a  mill  for  the  use  of  schools. 
This  was  the  lowest  point  reached  in  taxation  for  school  support 
after  the  law  of  1825. 

The  following  year,  1848,  the  privilege  of  levying  a  local 
tax  for  the  support  of  schools  was  extended  from  the  town- 
ship to  the  district.84  The  district  clerks  were  directed  to  make 
an  estimate  of  the  amount  needed  in  addition  to  the  funds  pro- 
vided under  the  laws  in  force  to  keep  a  school  in  session  for 
six  months.  The  district  meeting  was  then  allowed  to  decide 
by  vote  whether  an  additional  tax  should  be  levied  for  this 


"O.  L.,  XXXVI,  21. 

nO.  L.,  XXXVII,  61. 

"  Reduced  in  1842  to  $150,000.' 

"  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  85. 

"  O.  L.  XXXVII,  61. 

MO.  L.,  XLV,  60. 

"  O.  L.,  XL,  59. 

M  O.  L.,  XLVI,,  83. 


46  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

purpose.  In  no  case  could  this  added  district  tax  exceed  one 
mill.  The  same  year  the  county  commissioners  were  authorized 
to  raise  the  tax  from  2/5  of  a  mill  to  i  mill,85  but  they  were  not 
directed  to  do  so. 

The  status  of  taxation  for  the  support  of  schools  at  the 
close  of  the  period  was  as  follows: 

The  state  guaranteed  a  fixed  school  fund  derived  from 
various  sources.  When  other  sources  failed  to  make  up  this 
sum,  a  state  tax  was  levied  to  do  so.  (The  fund  had  been  re- 
duced from  two  hundred  thousand  dollars  in  1838  to  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  thousand  dollars  in  1842.) 

The  county  commissioners  were  directed  to  levy  a  tax  in 
each  county.  This  had  been  two  mills  in  1838,,  but  was  reduced 
to  2/5  of  a  mill  in  1847,  an^  was  left  optional,  but  not  over  one 
mill  in  1848. 

Each  township  might  vote  to  raise  an  added  two  mill  tax 
for  the  support  of  schools  in  the  township. 

Each  district  might  vote  to  raise  an  added  one  mill  tax  for 
the  support  of  schools  in  the  district. 

The  progress  that  had  been  made  by  the  law  of  1838  with 
its  state-wide  county  tax  of  two  mills  and  state  tax  amounting 
to  y2  mill  had  been  largely  lost  by  allowing  the  county  com- 
missioners to  reduce  the  amount  of  the  county  tax  and  by  the 
reduction  of  the  guaranteed  school  fund  to  one  hundred  and 
fifty  thousand  dollars. 

Taxation  for  School  Buildings. 

The  law  of  182 186  authorized  the  householders  in  any  school 
district  by  a  two-thirds  vote  to  levy  a  tax  to  build  a  school- 
house,  and  to  pay  for  the  schooling  of  indigent  pupils,  and 
stipulated  the  tax  should  not  exceed  one-half  the  amount  that 
might  be  levied  for  state  and  county  taxes  the  same  year.  The 
next  law,  that  of  i825,87  simply  said  that  the  district  meet- 
ing should  provide  means  for  building  a  school-house,  and  for 
furnishing  fuel,  but  gave  no  further  directions  as  to  how  money 


88  O.  L.,  XLVI,  28. 
S8O.  L...  XIX,  51. 
"  O.  L.,  XXIIT,  36. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         47 

was  to  be  raised.  In  i82788  a  maximum  of  three  hundred  dollars 
for  a  school-house  was  established  and  the  district  meeting  might, 
by  a  three-fifths  vote,  decide  whether  the  district  should  be  taxed 
for  building  purposes  or  not.  If  it  was  decided  to  raise  the 
money  by  a  tax  and  the  amount  falling  on  any  householder  was 
less  than  one  dollar,  a  minimum  sum  of  one  dollar  was  charged 
against  him.  The  tax  might  be  commuted  by  labor  on  the 
school-house  or  furnishing  material  for  it.  This  last  law  evi- 
dently aroused  opposition  on  the  part  of  non-resident  tax- 
payers, and  in  i83O89  an  amendment  to  the  school  law  provided 
that  not  more  than  fifty  dollars  might  be  levied  in  any  one 
year  for  building  purposes,  unless  one-third  of  the  property  in 
the  district  was  owned  by  residents.  If  one-third  to  one-half  of 
the  property  was  so  owned,  the  amount  raised  might  be  one 
hundred  dollars.  If  one-third  to  two-thirds  of  the  property 
was  owned  by  residents,  the  sum  was  increased  to  two  hundred 
dollars.  This  method  of  raising  the  money  for  buildings  re- 
mained with  but  slight  changes  until  1838.  The  minimum  tax 
for  a  resident  taxpayer  was  reduced  from  one  dollar  to  fifty 
cents  in  i83O,90  and  to  twenty-five  cents  in  i836.91  In  i83892 
the  decision  as  to  a  building  tax  for  a  school-house  was  for 
the  first  time  left  to  a  majority  vote  of  the  district  meeting,  and 
the  partial  exemption  for  non-resident  taxpayers  and  the  min- 
imum tax  features  disappeared. 

Fines,  Penalties,  Licenses,  Fees,  Etc. 

In  i82793  the  principle  of  using  fines  for  the  support  of 
schools,  assessed  for  various  offences  first  appears.  By  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act  all  fines  imposed  and  collected  by  justices  of 
the  peace  for  offences  committed  were  to  be  used  for  the  sup- 
port of  schools  in  the  district  in  which  the  offences  were  com- 
mitted. This  was  repeated  in  1829,°*  and  then  disappeared  from 


88  O.  L.,  XXVII,  65. 

89  O.  L.,  XXVIII,  57. 

90  O.  L.,  XXVIII,  57. 
81  O.  L.,  XXXIV,  19. 
"O.  L.,  XXXVI,  21. 
"O.  L.,  XXV,  65. 
-O.  L.,  XXVII,  73. 


48 


Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 


Offence. 


the  school  law,  but  the  principle  reappeared  in  a  series  of  acts 
concerning  various  offences  and  remained  as  a  definite  method 
of  school  support  to  the  end  of  the  period.  These  offences 
and  fines  are  so  numerous  that  they  are  given  here  only  in  tabu- 
lated form. 

Area  to  which 
fines  were 
distributed. 
Selling  liquor  without  license  .....  $10.00    $50.00   County 

Liquor     seller     permitting     rioting, 

drunkenness  or  gambling  ........   10.00      50.00  County 

Killing  muskrat  out  of  season  .....     1.00  each 

Sabbath  breaking    .................     1.00 

Selling      liquor      on      Sunday      "to 
others   than  travelers"  ........... 

Disturbing   religious   meetings  ..... 

Profanity    .........................  25 

Exciting   disturbance    in   a   tavern, 
etc  ............................. 

Playing  bullets,   running  horses   or 
shooting  guns  in  town  ......  .... 

Liquor  dealer  keeping  9  pin  alley..   10.00 
Exhibiting    a     puppet    show,    jug- 
gling, etc  ....................... 

Tearing  down  public  notices  ....... 

Selling  liquor   within   1   mile   of   a 
religious  gathering   ............. 

Bull  baiting,  bear  baiting,  etc  ...... 

Cock   fighting   .................... 

Horse  racing  on  a  public  road  ----     5.00 

Justice  of  Peace  failing  to  pay  over 
fine  collected  ...................     Double  the 

amount  col- 

lected 

Selling   at   auction   without   license 
Failure  to  render  account  of  auc- 
tion sales   ...................... 

Peddling  without  license  ...........  20.00 


Date  of 
law. 

1820s* 
1829 

1830M 
1831" 
183197 

1831" 
1831" 
1831" 

1831" 

1831" 
1831" 

1831" 
1831" 

1831" 
1831" 
1831" 
1831" 


1831' 
1831s 

1831" 


.50 


.50 


Max' 


Township 
5.00  Township 


5.00    Township 

20.00    Township 

1.00    Township 

5.00    Township 

Township 

5.00   Township 

100.00    Township 

10.00    Township 
10.00    Township 

20.00    Township 

100.00    Township 

100.00    Township 

Township 


Township 

100.00    State,   for  lit- 
erary     pur- 
1000.00       poses 
100.00    District 


0.  L.,  XXVII,  11. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  469. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  161. 

'O.  L.,  XXIX,  304. 

1 0.  L,  XXIX,  313. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.        49 

n   .       ,  Area  to  which 
Date  of                                                                   Penalty  r 

,  s^ft  •     ,,.         ,,  fines   were 

to.  Offence.  Mm.     Max. 


183  1100     Exhibiting  circus  without  permit..  $100.00   County 

1831101      Neglecting  to  have  fish  inspected..  5.00    County 

183  1101     Failure  to  bury  offal  ..............  $5.00      50.00   County 

1831101      Inspector     demanding     more     than 

legal   amount,   or   purchasing  ar- 

ticles condemned   ...............  50.00  County 

1834103      Selling  salt  without  inspection  ____     1.00  per  bbl.   County 

1834103     Medical     malpractice     of     various 

kinds    ..........................  100.00    500.00   County 

18341<H     Obstructing     navigation     in     Mus"- 

kingum  River    ..................  50.00   County 

1838105     Officer  or  corporation  disregarding 

court  orders  in  quo  warranto  pro- 

cedure   .........................  10,000.00   County 

184010fl     Keeping  breachy  or  unruly  animals       .25        1.00    District 
1840107      Harboring  intoxicated  Indians  .....     5.00      25.00    District 

1841ie8  ,  Selling  liquor  within  >two  miles  of 

any  religious  society  gathered  in 

a  field  or  woodland  .............     5.00      50.00    Township 

184410*     Allowing   Canada   Thistles   to   ma- 

ture    ...........................  10  .  00   Township 

Knowingly  selling  seed  which  con- 

tains Canada  Thistle  seed  ........  20.00  Township 

1845110     Firing  cannon  on  the  public  street    5.00      50.00    Township 
1846111      Gambling    or    keeping   a   gambling 

house    .  500.00   County 


100  O.  L,  XXIX,  446. 
301  O.  L.,  XXIX,  477. 
108  O.  L.,  XXXII,  47. 
108  O.  L.,  XXXII,  20. 

104  O.  L.,  XXXII,  38. 

105  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  68. 
loaO.  L.,  XXXVIII,  4. 
307  O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  57. 

108  O.  L.,  XXXIX,  34. 

109  O.  L.,  XLII,  37. 

110  O.  L.,  XLIII,  17. 

111  O.  L  ,  XLIV,  10. 


Vol.  XXVII  — 4. 


50  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

In  addition  to  the  fines  listed,  the  fees  received  from  licenses 
for  liquor  selling,  112  for  peddling113  and  auctioneering114  were 
applied  for  the  use  of  schools.  There  were  also  a  number  of 
local  acts  of  this  character  applying  to  particular  towns  or 
counties.115 

116  In  1830  in  the  act  incorporating  the  town  of  Steuben- 
ville,  it  is  provided  that  for  every  license  granted  to  "all  gro- 
ceries, porter,  ale,  and  other  houses  of  entertainment"  there 
shall  be  paid  into  the  county  treasury  "the  sum  of  five  dollars 
for  the  use  of  the  common  schools  of  the  county."  A  similar 
provision  is  found  in  the  act  incorporating  the  city  of  Chilli- 
cothe,11T  in  1838,  except  that  the  money  is  to  be  paid  to  the 
district  of  the  city.  Acts  of  the  same  general  nature  occur, 
applying  to  Medina,  Huron,  and  Erie  Counties,118  and  to  the 
towns  of  Chagrin  Falls,119  Fulton,120  and  Akron,121  and  in  1845 
an  act  was  passed  authorizing  the  towns  of  Painesville  and 
Norwalk122  to  levy  an  annual  tax  "on  all  dogs  six  months  old 
and  upwards"  for  the  use  of  common  schools. 

CONTROL  AND  SUPERVISION  OF  SCHOOLS 

Ohio  was  especially  weak  in  developing  any  plan  of  control 
or  supervision.  The  law  of  i825123  and  succeeding  laws  said 
that  the  county  examiners  might  visit  and  inspect  schools,  but 
there  was  no  compulsion  placed  upon  them,  no  pay  for  the 
duty  if  performed,  and  no  authority  given  to  them  in  case  they 
decided  to  make  such  inspection.  In  i838124  the  establishment 


U2  O.  L.,  XXVII,  11. 

113  O.  L.,  XXIX,  313;  O.  L,  XLVI,  36. 

114  O.  L.,  XXIX,  304 

115  O.  L.,  XXVIII,  165;  O.  L.,  XLV,  131. 
116O..L.,  XXVIII,  165. 

117  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  274. 

118  O.  L.,  XLV,  131. 

119  O.  L.,  XLVI,  269. 

120  O.  L.,  XXXII,  116. 

121  O.  L.,  XXXIV,  433. 

122  O.  L.,  XLIII,  379. 

123  O.  L.,  XXIII,  36. 
"O.  L.,  XXXVI,  21. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.        51 

of  the  office  of  state,  county  and  township  superintendents 
would  seem,  at  first  view,  to  give  the  machinery  for  efficient 
control  and  supervision,  but  an  inspection  of  the  law  will  show 
that  the  actual  control  exercised  was  weak  and  ineffective.  The 
only  man  in  the  entire  system  who  was  primarily  engaged  in 
school  work  was  the  State  Superintendent  and  at  the  end  of 
three  years  the  office  was  abolished,125  and  the  work  transferred 
to  the  Secretary  of  State,  who  was  allowed  four  hundred  dol- 
lars a  year  for  the  extra  clerical  work  thus  placed  upon  him,, 

Samuel  Lewis  126  in  the  three  years  he  served  as  State  Su- 
perintendent accomplished  much,  but  it  was  through  arousing 
sentiment  in  favor  of  common  schools  and  in  collecting  and 
presenting  educational  facts  to  the  General  Assembly  and  to 
the  state  at  large,  and  not  through  the  working  of  the  system, 
except  as  it  aided  him  in  the  collection  of  the  desired  facts,  and 
as  he  educated  school  officers  in  their  duties  through  manuals, 
reports  and  other  educational  material.127 

With  the  transfer  of  the  office  to  the  Secretary  of  State 
it  became,  naturally,  largely  clerical  in  character,  as  the  Secre- 
tary of  State  was  devoted  primarily  to  other  duties.  Similarly, 
the  office  of  county  superintendent  was  simply  added  to  the 
duties  of  the  county  auditor,  and  that  of  the  township  superin- 
tendent to  the  duties  of  the  township  clerk.  These  men,  too, 
were  primarily  chosen  for  work  of  a  different  nature,  and  the 
school  duties  were  in  many  instances  an  unwelcome  addition. 

It  is  true  that  the  law  gave  the  township  superintendent 
certain  control  over  the  district,  vesting  him  with  powers  to 
appoint  directors  if  the  district  failed  to  elect  them,  or  to  per- 
form in  person  the  duties  of  the  directors  if  those  he  appointed 
failed  to  serve.  There  was  no  machinery,  however,  to  compel 
the  township  superintendent  to  act  in  the  matter.  He  was  also 
required  by  law  to  visit  the  schools  in  each  district  once  in  each 
year,  but  in  i839128  it  was  made  optional  with  the  township  trus- 
tees to  excuse  him  from  this  duty,  and  his  total  pay  for  super- 


125  O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  131. 

128  Taylor,  page  335. 

m  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  402,  410. 

138  O.  L,  XXXVIT,  61. 


52  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

vision  in  any  one  school  was  fixed  at  a  maximum  of  one  dollar 
for  the  year.  On  the  whole  the  township  clerks  seem  to  have 
accepted  the  responsibility  and  to  have  acted  for  the  best  inter- 
ests of  the  schools. 

Mr.  Lewis  in  his  second  report  speaks  of  the  working  of 
the  law  at  this  point  as  follows:129 

"Elections  'have  very  generally  been  held  in  the  districts  in  Septem- 
ber, 1838,  and  where  they  have  been  omitted  the  township  clerks  have, 
in  most  cases,  made  proper  appointments,  so  that  there  are  now  school 
officers  in  nearly  all  the  school  districts  and  they  are  making  the  ar- 
rangements for  schools'.  *  *  *  The  power  of  township  clerks,  to  ap- 
point district  officers,  is  sometimes  'complained  of,  but  without  this  pro- 
vision or  some  other  effecting  the  same  object,  organization  could  not 
take  place. 

"There  will  be  this  winter  at  least  one  thousand  schools  that  but 
for  this  provision  would  not  have  existed.  Township  clerks  only  act, 
where  the  district  has  forgotten  or  neglected  to  act,  and  it  would  be  un- 
pardonable to  suffer  fifty  thousand  youth  to  go  without  instruction  for 
want  of  officers  to  regulate  the  schools.  *  *  *  I  am  satisfied  that 
most  of  the  township  clerks  desire  most  heartily  to  promote  the  interest 
of  the  schools,  pay  or  no  pay,  but  they  are  generally  poor  and  cannot 
afford  to  spend  much  time  without  compensation.  Letters  every  'day 
coming  to  my  hands,  satisfy  me  that  no  money  will  be  better  laid  out 
than  that  which  secures  the  services  of  patriotic  and  public  spirited 
township  superintendents." 

While  these  quotations  show  the  general  attitude  of  these 
newly  appointed  officers  as  favorable  to  the  schools,  there  were 
many  individual  instances  where,  through  laxity  or  ignorance, 
the  work  was  not  done.  One  of  the  county  auditors  writing  to 
Mr.  Lewis  says:  "Great  difficulties  are  found  in  school  matters 
by  the  negligence  of  school  district  officers  and  township  clerks, 
not  that  they  are  opposed  to  the  common  school  system,  but 
they  complain  of  having  so  much  to  do  without  compensation, 
consequently  they  will  not  bother  themselves  with  the  matter."130 

Another  says :  "I  can  assign  no  reason  for  the  neglect  of 
the  township  clerks  in  this  matter  *  *  *  but  from  want 
of  attention  merely."  *  *  *  "The  township  clerks  have  not 


139  Ohio  Document.    38th.  G.  A.     Doc.  17,  page  51. 
188  Ohio  Document.    37th.  G.  A.     Doc.  32,  page  67. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.        53 

generally  made  accurate  returns."131  'The  carelesness  of  dis- 
trict officers  has  given  township  clerks  an  excuse,  and  my  re- 
port is  very  deficient,"  are  among  other  comments  from  audi- 
tor's letters  cited  by  Mr.  Lewis. 

The  only  effective  measures  to  compel  the  districts  to 
establish  schools  were  through  the  retention  of  the  district's 
share  of  money  from  the  school  fund,  and  the  moneys  collected 
by  taxation,  in  case  of  failure  to  keep  school.  The  law  of 
i825132  said  that  no  district  might  receive  its  share  of  the  money 
so  collected  except  for  the  wages  of  a  teacher  duly  employed 
and  certified.  There  was  no  specification  as  to  the  length  of 
time  the  teacher  must  be  employed.  If  the  district  failed  for 
a  period  of  three  years  to  hire  a  teacher  and  keep  a  school,  the 
money  due  it  was  to  be  appropriated  to  the  districts  that  did  so. 
In  i829133  the  provisions  were  repeated,  and  a  minimum  term  of 
three  months  was  established  as  a  condition  of  receiving  the 
district's  proportion  of  school  tax  due. 

There  was  a  fine  of  two  dollars  assessed  on  any  person 
elected  as  a  director  or  clerk  and  refusing  to  serve,134  and  also 
fines  on  the  district  officers  responsible  for  making  returns  of 
the  enumeration  of  school  youth135  in  case  of  failure  to  report. 
It  was  found  necessary  in  i848136  to  pass  a  special  act  for  the 
purpose  of  securing  school  statistics  from  the  districts  and  town- 
ships. This  forbade  the  township  treasurers  to  pay  any  teacher- 
a  salary  unless  there  was  presented  with  the  order  an  abstract 
of  the  teacher's  record  of  attendance.  The  township  treasurer 
was  fined  ten  dollars  unless  he  settled  annually  with  the  auditor 
of  the  county,  and  the  possession  of  these  abstracts  was  a  nec- 
essary preliminary  to  the  settlement.  Other  than  this  the  state 
devised  no  means  for  controlling  the  educational  procedure  of 
the  district. 


131  Ibid.    Page  70. 
183  O.  L.,  XXIII,  36. 
1-1 0.  L.,  XXVII,  73. 
"•O.  L.,  XXVIII,  57. 
""O.  L.,  XXXIV,  19. 
188  O.  L.,  XLVI,  28. 


54  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

CERTIFICATION   OF   TEACHERS 

In  1 82 1137  the  district  school  committee  was  authorized  to 
employ  competent  teachers,  and  no  mention  was  made  of  certifi- 
cation. In  i825138  the  principle  of  county  certification  appeared 
and  with  the  exception  of  a  two-year  period,  1836  to  1838,  re- 
mained until  1850.  The  law  of  1825  provided  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  three  examiners  of  common  schools  in  each  county  by 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas,  who  should  examine  and  certifi- 
cate teachers,  and,  as  previously  noted,  might  visit  and  examine 
schools.  No  teacher  could  legally  recover  any  part  of  the  pay 
due  from  public  funds  unless  a  certificate  had  been  granted  to 
such  teacher. 

In  i827139  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  was  allowed  to  ap- 
point such  number  of  examiners  as  they  might  deem  expedient, 
not  to  exceed  one  for  each  organized  township  in  the  county. 
It  was  the  evident  intent  of  this  law  to  allow  single  examiners, 
for  the  sake  of  convenience,  to  examine  within  the  township. 

In  i829140  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  was  directed  to 
appoint  not  less  than  five  examiners  nor  more  than  the  number 
of  organized  townships  in  the  county,  and  any  two  examiners 
might  grant  certificates. 

In  1 83 1141  the  examiners  were  directed  to  give  the  certifi- 
cate in  the  branches  in  which  the  teacher  was  found  qualified 
to  teach,  and  no  certificate  was  to  be  granted  unless  the  candi- 
date was  qualified  to  teach  reading,  writing  and  arithmetic. 

The  examiners  might  require  the  examination  to  be  public 
and  could  determine  upon  uniform  forms  of  certification. 

This  law  was  evidently  deemed  a  little  too  rigorous  and 
was  amended  at  the  following  session  in  December,  iS3i,14' 
to  permit  a  district  that  wished  to  do  so  to  employ  a  female 
teacher  to  teach  reading,  writing  .and  spelling  only,  and  the 


137  O.  L.,  XIX,  51. 

138  O.  L.,  XXIII,  36. 

139  O.  L.,  XXV,  65. 

140  O.  L.,  XXVII,   73. 
141 0.  L,  XXX,  4. 

143  O.  L.,  XXX,   4. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         55 

examiners  were  authorized,  on  the  presentation  of  a  written  re- 
quest from  the  directors,  to  grant  a  certificate  in  these  subjects. 

In  i834143  the  court  was  directed  to  appoint  five  examin- 
ers, and  the  examination  was  to  be  given  publicly  each  month 
at  the  county  seat,  with  the  provision  that  the  examiners  might 
appoint  one  examiner  in  each  township  to  examine  female 
teachers  only.  Reading,  writing  and  arithmetic  were  required 
for  all  certificates. 

In  i836144  the  township  became  the  unit  for  certification, 
and  the  method  of  choosing  examiners  changed.  Each  township 
was  to  elect  annually  three  examiners,  but  with  the  code  of 
i838,145  the  county  became  definitely  the  unit  for  certification, 
and  the  mode  of  appointment  was  again  by  the  selection  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas.  The  number  of  examiners  was  fixed 
at  three.  Examinations  were  to  be  held  quarterly  by  the  Board. 
Each  teacher  must  be  qualified  to  teach  reading,  writing  and 
arithmetic,  and  the  certificate  stated  what  other  branches  the 
teacher  was  qualified  to  teach.  No-  teacher  in  any  common  school 
was  allowed  to  teach  a  study  'not  named  in  the  certificate.  In 
i849146  English  and  geography  were  added  to  the  requirements 
for  certification. 

SCHOOL  STUDIES 

No  mention  was  made  of  the  subjects  to  be  taught  in  the 
common  schools  until  :834,147  when  reading,  writing  and  arith- 
metic and  "other  necessary  branches"  were  specified.  The  state 
insisted  on  nothing  more  than  these  subjects,  but  in  i838148  al- 
lowed other  studies  to  be  taught  at  the  option  of  the  directors, 
and  allowed  any  other  language  beside  English  to  be  taught,  but 
the  three  r's  must  be  taught  in  English.  This  was  amended  in 
i839149  as  a  concession  to  German  settlers150  to  allow  each  school 


148  O.  L.,  XXXII,  25. 
144  O.  L.,  XXXIV,  19. 
146  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  21. 

146  0.  L.,  XLVII,  43. 

147  O.  L.,  XXXII,  25. 

148  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  21. 

149  O.  L.,  XXXVII,  61. 
"°  Taylor,  page  170. 


56  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

district  to  have  its  school  taught  in  whatever  language  it  might 
prefer.  In  i849151  on  application  of  three  householders  the 
directors  were  instructed  to  add  English  and  geography  to  the 
subjects  taught. 

LENGTH  OF  SCHOOL  YEAR 

The  minimum  length  of  the  school  year  was  first  fixed  at 
three  months  in  i829152  for  any  school  receiving  an  appropria- 
tion of  the  money  raised  by  taxation,  and  as  much  longer  than 
three  months  as  the  appropriation  paid  the  wages  of  the  teacher. 
Nothing  was  done  to  extend  the  time  until  i838153  when  the 
township  superintendent  was  directed  to  estimate  for  the  town- 
ship the  amount  it  would  be  necessary  to  raise  by  taxation  in 
addition  to  the  funds  already  provided  to  furnish  six  months 
good  schooling  to  all  the  white  youth  of  the  township.  The  de- 
cision as  to  raising  the  amount  needed  to  maintain  the  schools 
six  months  was  decided  by  the  voters  at  the  township  election, 
who  voted  "school  tax"  or  "no  school  tax".  A  six  months'  school 
remained  the  ideal  held  up  by  the  law  for  district  schools  until 
1850. 

That  this  modest  ideal  of  a  six  month's  school  was  not 
commonly  reached  is  shown  in  Mr.  Lewis's  first  report  in  which 
he  gave  the  total  number  of  children  of  school  age  in  the 
State  at  468,812;  the  number  attending  more  than  two  months 
and  less  than  four  as  84,296,  and  those  attending  over  four 
months  as  62,I44.154  These  figures  show  that  322,372  children 
of  school  age  either  attended  school  less  than  two  months  in 
the  year  or  that  they  did  not  attend  at  all.  In  his  last  report, 
three  years  later,  for  1839,  he  gives  the  total  number  of  schools 
(public)  as  13,049  —  partly  estimated  —  and  the  average  length 
of  the  term  as  four  months ;  the  total  number  of  pupils  in  attend- 
ance as  455,427,  an  increase  of  over  3OO,ooo.155  These  figures 
are  a  significant  indication  of  the  changed  attitude  toward  pub- 


161 0.  L.,  XLVII,  33. 

152  O.  L.,  XXVII,  73. 

158  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  21. 

™  Ohio  Doc.    36th.  G.  A.    Doc.  17,  page  44. 

166  Ohio  Doc.    38th  G.  A.    Doc.  17,  page  44. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         57 

lie  schools  that  the  law  of  1838  had  wrought  under  the  leader- 
ship of  a  capable  and  devoted  State  Superinendent. 

SCHOOL  OFFICERS 

The  township  trustees  were  throughout  the  period  given 
the  power  of  establishing  districts.  District  officers  were  as  fol- 
lows: 

In  1814  — three  district  trustees;158 

In  1821 — three  district  trustees  and  a  collector;157 

In  1825  —  three  directors;158 

In  1827  —  three  directors  and  a  treasurer  to  be  appointed 
by  the  directors  ;159 

In  1829  —  three  directors,  a  clerk,  and  a  treasurer;160 

In  1838  —  three  directors,  the  directors  appointing  one  of 
their  own  number  as  clerk  and  treasurer  ;161 

The  law  of  1838  also  created  the  offices  of 
state,  county  and  township  superintendents,  the 
two  latter  being  ex  officio,  attached  to  the  offices 
of  county  auditor  and  township  clerk. 

In  1840  —  the  office  of  State  Superintendent  was  abolished, 
and  its  clerical  functions  transferred  to  the  of- 
fice of  the  Secretary  of  "State. 

In  1848  —  counties  were  given  the  right  on  their  own  initia- 
tive to  elect  county  superintendents  of  schools.182 

SCHOOLS  FOR  COLORED  CHILDREN 

The  first  provision  found  in  the  general  laws  for  the  educa- 
tion of  colored  children  occurs  in  i848,163  when  a  department 
of  common  schools  for  black  and  mulatto  children  was  created. 
Prior  to  this  time  the  property  of  colored  people  had  been  ex- 


166  O.  L.,  XIV,  295. 
^O.  L.,  XIX,  51. 
1M  O.  L.,  XXIII,  36. 
1W  O.  L.,  XXV,  65. 
"°  O.  L.,  XXVII,  73. 
» 0.  L.,  XXXVI,  21. 
188  O.  L.,  XLVI,  86. 
WO.  L.,  XLVI,  81. 


58  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

empt  from  taxation  for  school  purposes.  This  law  provided  that 
their  property  should  be  taxed  the  same  as  property  of  white 
people,  and  the  money  used  to  support  colored  schools  wherever 
they  were  established,  but  added  to  the  common  school  funds 
in  those  districts  in  which  colored  children  were  allowed  to  at- 
tend the  common  schools. 

Any  city,  town,  village  or  township  containing  twenty 
colored  children  was  created  a  district  for  the  purpose  of  estab- 
lishing a  colored  school,  and  the  colored  citizens  given  authority 
to  organize  by  the  election  of  directors,  in  accord  with  the  gen- 
eral school  law.  If  there  were  less  than  twenty  colored  children 
in  the  areas  enumerated,  they  were  allowed  to  attend  the  com- 
mon schools  unless  there  was  a  written  protest  filed  by  some 
one  having  a  child  in  the  school.  In  the  latter  case  they  were 
not  allowed  to  attend  and  the  property  of  colored  people  was 
not  taxed.  At  the  next  session  of  the  legislature  in  i849,164  the 
law  was  changed  and  the  authorities  in  towns,  cities,  villages  and 
townships  were  required  to  create  one  or  more  districts  for 
colored  children  if  they  were  not  admitted  to  common  schools. 
The  colored  citizens  then  organized  with  their  own  officers  and 
supported  the  schools  by  taxation  upon  their  own  property. 

CITY  AND  VILLAGE  SCHOOLS 

Ohio's  growth  in  population  in  the  early  decades  of  the 
nineteenth  century  was  a  phenomenal  one.  In  1800,  three  years 
before  statehood,  her  rank  in  population  was  eighteenth.  In  1820 
she  stood  fifth  in  the  sisterhood  of  states,  and  in  the  next  ten 
years  the  numbers  within  her  borders  again  almost  doubled, 
jumping  from  581,434  in  1820  to  937,903  in  i83O.165 

This  growth  in  the  early  years  was  almost  wholly  a  rural 
one.  In  1820  there  were  only  two  towns  in  the  state  with  a  pop- 
ulation of  1,000  or  over;  Cincinnati  with  9,640,  and  Dayton, 
estimated  to  have  1,000.  Ten  years  later  Cincinnati  had  grown 
to  a  city  of  24,830,  Dayton  and  Columbus  were  approaching 
3,000  each,  —  2,950  and  2,435  respectively  —  while  three  other 


194  O.  L.,  XLVII,  17. 

185  Statistical  Abstract  of  U.  S.,  1911,  page  34. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         59 

towns,  Cleveland,  Springfield  and  Canton,  had  just  passed  the 
1,000  mark. 

In  the  years  from  1830  to  1850  the  growth  of  towns  and 
cities  was  a  rapid  one.  Cincinnati  had  increased  to  46,340;  Day- 
ton, Columbus,  and  Cleveland  had  each  passed  6,000,  and  there 
were  eight  other  towns  in  the  state  with  a  population  of  over 
2,000  each  according  to  the  census  reports  of  1840;  while  by  1850 
Cincinnati  was  a  thriving  metropolis  of  115,435,  Columbus  and 
Cleveland  were  vigorous  young  cities  of  17,000  each,  Dayton  had 
something  over  10,000  inhabitants,  and  Zanesville  and  Chilli- 
cothe  were  rapidly  approaching  this  number,  while  fifteen  other 
centers  had  attained  a  population  of  3,000  to  6,000  each.166 

The  school  legislation  of  the  first  thirty  years  of  Ohio's 
statehood  recognized  only  the  district  school  in  the  general  school 
laws  that  were  passed.  This  was  partly  a  reflection  of  the  rural 
character  of  the  state  in  these  early  years,  and  partly  a  result  of 
the  decentralizing  tendency  in  school  affairs  that  the  early  set- 
tlers had  brought  with  them.  It  was  not  until  the  law  of  1838 
was  passed  that  any  recognition  was  given  to  the  fact  that  the 
educational  needs  of  cities  and  towns  were  not  the  same  as  those 
of  the  country  districts. 

Samuel  Lewis  speaking  to  the  legislature  at  this  period  said : 
"In  towns  and  large  villages  the  common  schools  are  poorer  than 
in  the  country.  In  the  latter,  neighborhoods  depend  more  upon 
them,  and,  of  course,  take  a  deeper  interest  in  their  control,  while 
in  the  former  there  is  too  frequently  but  little  attention  paid  to 
these  schools  by  persons  able  to  provide  other  means  of  instruc- 
tion." 167 

A  few  cities  and  towns  had  early  felt  the  inadequacy  of  the 
general  laws  in  providing  any  suitable  system  of  schools,  and 
had  asked  and  received  special  charters  from  the  state.  By 
1840  a  number  of  municipalities  had  organized  their  schools 
under  special  charters,  and  in  the  years  from  1840  to  1850  there 
was  a  general  awakening  in  the  urban  communities  to  the  need 
of  better  provision  for  public  schools. 


1MU.  S.  Census  Reports,  1830,  1840,  1850. 

187  Ohio  Documents.    36th.  G.  A.    Doc.  17,  page  10. 


60  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

This  aroused  interest  was  shown  in  the  school  charters  of 
Cincinnati,  Toledo,  Cleveland,  Portsmouth,  Zanesville,  Dayton, 
Columbus,  Mt.  Vernon,  and,  finally  Akron,  and  the  generaliza- 
tion of  the  "Akron  Act"  in  such  form  that  all  municipalities  in 
the  state  —  of  200  or  more  —  could  make  use  of  it. 

There  was  much  that  was  progressive  and  enlightened  for 
the  period,  in  the  legislation  for  Ohio's  cities  and  towns  from 
about  1830  to  1850.  The  one  great  lack — found  in  all  Ohio's 
School  legislation  prior  to  1850,  and  for  a  half  century  after 
that  —  was  the  lack  of  any  form  of  compulsion.  The  general 
applications  of  the  laws  for  municipalities  were  wholly  per- 
missive in  character.  They  simply  pointed  out  ways  in  which 
the  schools  could  be  legally  established  and  organized  but  how- 
ever excellent  and  needed  these  ways  might  be,»no  municipality 
was  under  the  slightest  compulsion  to  follow  them. 

The  earliest  special  legislation  for  towns  is  found  in  the  case 
of  Marietta.168  The  Legislature  in  1825  granted  her  the  right 
to  vote  in  town  meeting  a  sum  for  the  support  of  schools.  There 
was  no  further  legislation  for  Marietta  until  1841, 169  when  an 
act  was  passed  dividing  the  town,  which  had  been  united  into  one 
district  by  the  law  of  1838,  into  separate  districts  again,  with 
three  directors  for  each,  and  the  ordinary  rural  district  system. 

Cincinnati. 

Cincinnati  was  the  leader  in  all  the  early  efforts  for  better 
educational  conditions.  In  i829170  she  set  an  example  to  the 
rest  of  the  state  by  securing  a  school  charter  that  gave  the  city 
an  organized,  tax  supported,  free  system  of  common  schools. 

This  charter  divided  the  city  into  ten  districts,  two  for  each 
ward,  and  provided  for  the  building  in  each  district  of  a  two- 
story  building  of  brick  or  stone. 

The  city  council  was  required  to  provide  at  the  expense  of 
the  city  for  the  support  of  common  schools,  and  to  levy  a  tax 
of  one  mill  on  all  the  property  of  the  city  as  long  as  needed  to 


™  O.  L.,  XXIII,  65. 
18B0.  L.,  XXXIX,  22. 
1WO.  L.,  XXVII,  33. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         61 

defray  the  expense  of  acquiring  sites  and  erecting  buildings,  and 
an  additional  tax  of  one  mill  for  the  support  of  schools. 

The  voters  in  each  ward  elected  annually  a  trustee  and 
visitor  of  common  schools.  The  persons  so  elected  constituted 
the  Board  of  Trustees  and  Visitors  of  Common  Schools,  and  had 
general  supervision  of  school  affairs.  They  were  authorized  to 
employ  teachers  and  to  visit  schools  as  often  as  once  a  month. 
They  also  were  to  appoint  six  examiners  and  inspectors,  whose 
duty  it  was  to  examine  and  certify  teachers,  and  to  visit  and  in- 
spect schools.  Once  a  year  a  public  examination  of  the  schools 
was  to  be  given  under  the  direction  of  the  mayor,  the  Board  of 
Trustees  and  Visitors,  and  the  Board  of  Examiners.  The  schools 
were  to  be  open  at  least  six  months  of  each  year,  and  to  be  free 
to  all  white  children.  Black  and  mulatto  children  are  specifically 
excluded.  Reading,  writing,  spelling  and  arithmetic  made  up 
the  curriculum. 

While  numerous  amendments  occur,  there  are  few  significant 
changes  before  1850.  In  i84O171  German  schools  were  estab- 
lished, and  evening  schools  provided  for  "such  male  youth  over 
twelve  years  of  age  as  are  prevented  by  their  daily  avocation 
from  attending  day  schools."  The  latter  schools  were  to  be  open 
in  the  months  of  November,  December,  January  and  February. 

In  i845172  the  trustees  were  authorized  to  divide  the  city 
into  suitable  districts  without  reference  to  ward  boundaries,  and 
in  i846173  they  were  given  power  to  establish  such  other  grade 
of  schools  as  might  seem  necessary  and  have  such  other  studies 
taught  therein  as  they  might  prescribe.  In  i8so174  provision  was 
made  for  the  annual  election  by  the  qualified  voters  of  a 
"Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to 
visit  and  superintend  all  the  common  schools  in  said  city,  to  es- 
tablish courses  of  study,  and  perform  such  other  duties  as  the 
Board  may  prescribe." 


in  O   L.,  XXXVIII,  local,  157. 
1Ta  O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  413. 
178  O.  L.,  XLIV,  local,  91. 
"4O.  L.,  XLVIII,  local,  662. 


62  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

City  of  Ohio  and  Toledo. 

In  i836175  and  i837176  the  city  councils  in  these  two  cities 
were  given  general  superintendence  over  the  common  schools, 
with  power  to  divide  the  city  into  districts,  to  erect  school  build- 
ings, and  to  make  provision  for  the  government  and  instruction 
of  children  therein.  It  was  left  wholly  optional  to  the  city  council 
as  to  what  should  be  done. 

Cleveland. 

Provision  for  the  government  of  the  Cleveland  schools  was 
included  in  the  city  charter,  adopted  in  1836. 177  The  provisions 
were  quite  similar  to  the  Cincinnati  plan.  The  council  appointed 
one  person  from  each  ward  instead  of  the  voters  electing  as  in 
Cincinnati.  The  people  so  appointed  constituted  the  Board  of 
Managers  of  Common  Schools. 

In  i848178  the  Board  of  Managers  was  made  five  for  the 
entire  city  instead  of  one  from  each  ward,  and  the  council  was 
authorized  to  establish  a  high  school,  for  which  purpose  the  city 
was  to  constitute  one  high  school  district. 

Portsmouth  and  Zanesmlle. 

In  i838179  the  city  charter  of  Portsmouth'  was  amended  to 
include  most  of  the  provisions  of  the  Cincinnati  plan,  and  in  the 
following  year180  the  city  of  Zanesville  secured  a  charter  for  the 
support  of  schools  that  had  many  similar  features.  The  Zanes- 
ville charter  provided  for  the  election  of  six  directors  to  be  known 
as  the  Board  of  Education.  The  schools  were  to  be  kept  in 
constant  operation  except  for  "reasonable  vacations,"  and  any 
deficiency  in  funds  to  keep  the  schools  in  constant  operation 
was  raised  by  a  levy  upon  the  parents.  The  Board  was  allowed 
to  exempt  indigent  students  from  payment  of  school  fees. 


175  O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local  226. 

176  O   L.,  XXXV,  local,  32. 

177  O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  271. 

178  O.  L.,  XLVI,  local,  150. 

179  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  339. 

180  O.  L.,  XXXVII,  194. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         63 

General  Law  for  Cities  and  Towns  Before  the  Akron  Act. 

The  general  law  of  i838181  made  each  incorporated  city, 
town  or  borough,  not  specially  regulated  by  charter,  a  separate 
school  district.  The  voters  in  such  a  district  elected  three  di- 
rectors, who  were  given  corporate  authority  and  power  to  in- 
crease the  number  of  directors  so  that  there  might  be  one  for 
each  sub-district.  They  were  authorized  to  divide  the  territory 
for  which  they  were  responsible  and  to  establish  schools  of  dif- 
ferent grades  therein.  The  question  of  an  additional  tax  to 
furnish  a  school  at  least  six  months  each  year  was  to  be  decided 
by  the  vote  of  the  community.  The  general  law,  as  is  so  usual 
in  Ohio  legislation,  merely  pointed  the  way,  but  did  not  attempt 
to  enforce  the  organization  of  city  and  town  schools.  The  one 
compulsory  feature  that  appears  occurred  the  next  year,  i839,182 
and  stated  that  in  towns,  cities  and  boroughs  it  was  the  duty  of 
the  directors  to  provide  a  sufficient  number  of  night  schools  for 
the  male  youth  over  twelve  years  of  age  whose  "daily  avoca- 
tion" kept  them  from  attending  day  schools.  While  this  law 
was  compulsory  in  form,  there  was  no  machinery  devised  for 
its  enforcement. 

Dayton,  Columbus,  and  Mt.  Vernon. 

In  1841 183  and  i845184  tne  cities  of  Dayton,  Columbus  and 
Mt.  Vernon  were  granted  special-  charters  for  the  government 
of  their  schools.  Dayton  and  Columbus  each  continued  the 
principle  of  school  rates  in  addition  to  taxation.  The  schools 
were  to  be  kept  in  constant  operation  except  for  vacations,  and 
any  deficiency  made  up  by  a  levy  on  the  parents.  The  general 
features  of  control  were  similar  to  the  Cincinnati  plan. 

The  Mt.  Vernon  charter  retained  the  district  system,  and 
made  each  council  member  a  special  school  director  for  his  ward. 
Building  taxes  were  to  be  collected  from  the  sub-districts  in 
which  the  buildings  were  erected,  and  were  not  assessed  on  the 
property  of  the  city  in  general. 


181 0.  L.,  XXXVI,  21. 

"2O.  L.,  XXXVII,  61. 

U'O.  L.,  XXXIX,  local,  145. 

184  O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  57 ;  O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,   160. 


64  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

Akron. 

In  i837185  Akron  secured  school  legislation  that  was  espe- 
cially significant,  as  the  legislature  the  following  year186  allowed 
cities,  towns  and  villages  to  adopt  the  provisions  of  the  act  and 
its  amendments,  on  petition  of  two-thirds  of  the  voters,  and  in 
i849187  enacted  most  of  its  provisions  into  a  general  law.  By 
this  means  the  Akron  law  became  the  plan  usually  followed  in 
the  establishment  of  graded  schools  in  Ohio.  This  legislation  is 
of  sufficient  importance  to  merit  a  brief  description  of  the  steps 
that  were  taken  in  securing  it,  and  the  school  conditions  in  Akron 
preceding  its  enactment.  The  description,  with  some  omissions, 
is  the  one  given  by  Judge  Bryan  in  An  Historical  Sketch  of  the 
Akron  Public  Schools.188. 

"In  1846  there  were  within  the  incorporated  limits  of  the  village 
of  Akron  six  hundred  and  ninety  children  between  the  ages  of  four  and 
sixteen.  Of  this  number  there  was  an  average  attendance  at  the  public 
and  other  schools  the  year  through  of  not  more  than  three  hundred  and 
seventy-five.  During  the  summer  of  1846  one  of  the  district  schools 
was  taught  in  the  back-room  of  a  dwelling  house.  Another  was  taught 
in  an  uncouth,  inconvenient  and  uncomfortable  .building  gratuitously 
furnished  by  Captain  Howe  for  the  use  of  the  district.  There  were 
private  schools,  but  these  were  taught  in  rooms  temporarily  hired  and 
unsuited  for  the  purpose  in  many  respects.  *  *  *  It  was,  in  view  of 
this  state  of  things,  that  Reverend  I.  Jennings,  then  a  young  man  and 
pastor  of  the  Congregational  Church  of  Akron,  self-moved,  set  himself 
to  reorganize  the  common  schools  of  Akron.  There  were  many  friends 
of  a  better  education  in  the  place  who  co-operated  with  Mr.  Jennings, 
and  on  the  16th  day  of  May,  1846,  at  a  public  meeting  of  the  citizens,  a 
committee  was  appointed  of  which  he  was  chairman  'to  take  into  con- 
sideration our  present  educational  provisions  and  the  improvement,  if  any, 
which  may  be  made  therein."' 

As  a  result  of  this  interest,  a  committee  of  three  was  ap- 
pointed to  draw  up  plans  and  secure  necessary  legislation.  The 
plan  of  the  committee  was  as  follows : 

i.  Let  the  whole  village  be  incorporated  into  one  school 
district. 


188  O.  L.,  XLV,  local,  187. 
186  O.  L.,  XLVI,  48. 


187  O.  L.,  XLVII,  22. 

""Historical  Sketches,  Ohio  Public  Schools,  Akron. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         66 

2.  Let  there  be  established  six  primary  schools  in  different 
parts  of  the  village  so  as  best  to  accommodate  the  whole. 

3.  Let    there,  be   one  Grammar    School    centrally   located 
where  instruction  may  be  given  in  the  various  studies  and  parts 
of  studies  not  provided  for  in  the  Primary  Schools  and  yet  re- 
quisite to  a  respectable  English  education. 

4.  Let  there  be  gratuitous  admission  to  each  school  in  the 
system  for  the  children  of  residents,  with  the  following  restric- 
tions, viz. :    No  pupil  shall  be  admitted  to  the  Grammar  Schools 
who   fails   to   sustain   a   thorough   examination   in   the   Primary 
School,  and  the  teachers  shall  have  power  with  the.  advice  of 
the  superintendents  to  exclude  for  misconduct  in  extreme  cases, 
and  to  classify  the  pupils  as  the  best  good  of  the  schools  may 
seem  to  require. 

5.  The  expense  of  establishing  and  sustaining  this  system 
of  schools  shall  be  provided  for: 

First,  By  appropriating  all  the  school  money  the  inhabitants 
of  the  village  are  entitled  to,  and  whatever  funds  or  property 
may  be  at  the  disposal  of  the  Board  for  this  purpose ; 

Second,  a  tax  to  be  levied  by  the  Common  Council  upon  the. 
taxable  property  of  this  village  for  the  balance. 

6.  Let  six  superintendents  be  chosen  by  the  Common  Coun- 
cil, who  shall  be  charged  with  perfecting  the  system  thus  gen- 
erally defined,  the  bringing  of  it  into  operation,  and  the  con- 
trol of   it  when  brought  into  operation.     Let  the  six  superin- 
tendents be  so  chosen  that  the  term  of  office  of  two  of  them  shall 
expire  each  year. 

The  essential  provisions  of  the  plan  adopted  by  this  com- 
mittee were  incorporated  in  the  law  enacted  February  8th, 
i847.189  The  more  important  features  of  this  law  may  be  sum- 
marized as  follows : 

1.  The  election  of  a  Board  of  Education  of  six  members, 
which  should  have   full  control  of  school  property  and  school 
funds. 

2.  The  incorporation  of  the  city  into  one  school  district. 

3.  Provision   for   six   or  more  primary  -schools   and   one 


188  O.  L.,  XLV,  local,  187. 
Vol.  XXVII  — 5. 


66  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

central  grammar  school  to  teach  "subjects  requisite  to  a  respect- 
able English  Education." 

4.  Free  admission  to  all  schools. 

5.  Examinations   for   promotion,   and   teachers   given   the 
power  to  classify  pupils. 

6.  Assessment  as  a  tax  by  the  city  council  of  the  amount 
estimated  by  the  Board  for  erecting  school-houses  and  for  con- 
ducting the  schools. 

7.  All  school  property  vested  in  the  city  council. 

8.  Three  examiners  appointed  by  the  council. 

9.  Annual  public  examinations. 

In  the  original  law  there  was  no  limit  placed  on  the  amount 
that  might  be  estimated  as  necessary  for  school  expense  by  the 
Board  of  Education,  and  the  law  directed  the  council  to  levy 
the  estimate  as  a  tax.  In  i848190  in  order  to  make  a  concession 
that  would  meet  the  objection  of  the  property  owners  who  op- 
posed this  feature,  the  maximum  tax  that  might  be  raised  in  any 
one  year  for  current  expense  was  placed  at  four  mills.  The 
power  of  making  the  levy  was  taken  from  the  council  and  placed 
in  the  hands  of  the  Board  of  Education,  which  reported  its 
estimate  direct  to  the  county  auditor,  who  was  directed  to  assess 
the  amount  in  the  same  manner  as  other  taxes. 

On  February  14,  i848,191  the  act  was  extended  to  any  in- 
corporated town,  city  or  borough  in  the  state  upon  petition  of 
two-thirds  of  the  qualified  voters.  This  required  too  large  a 
majority  to  allow  the  act  to  be  adopted  in  localities  where  there 
was  not  an  overwhelming  sentiment  in  favor  of  better  school 
conditions,  and  in  the  following  year192  a  general  act  was  passed 
for  cities  and  towns  which  might  be  adopted  by  a  majority  vote. 
The  main  provisions  of  this  act  were  similar  to  the  Akron  laws, 
as  may  be  seen  by  inspection  of  its  chief  features. 

I.  Any  incorporated  city,  town  or  village  including  within 
its  limits  and  the  territory  attached,  for  school  purposes,  two 
hundred  inhabitants  might  organize  into  a  single  school  district. 


"°O.  L.,  XLVI,  local,  46. 
mO.  L.,  XLVI,  48. 
mO.  L.,  XLVII,  32. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.        67 

2.  The  question  of  adopting  the  law  to  be  decided  by  a 
majority  vote  of  the  community. 

3.  A  Board  of  Education  of  six  members  elected  by  the 
voters. 

4.  Building  expenses  and  purchase  of  sites  to  be  decided 
by  popular  vote.     When  so  decided  and  reported  to  the  county 
auditor,  the  amount  to  be  levied  as  a  tax  upon  the  property  of 
the  community. 

5.  Primary  and  graded  schools  provided  for.    No  language 
other  than  English  or  German  to  be  taught. 

6.  Schools  to  be  free  to  all  children  in  the  district. 

7.  Schools  to  be  kept  in  operation  not  less  than  thirty-six 
nor  more  than  forty-four  weeks  each  year. 

8.  Board  of  Education  to  estimate  the  amount  needed  for 
running  expenses  not  to  exceed  a  four  mill  tax  annually.    Auditor 
to  levy  the  amount  estimated  as  a  tax. 

9.  If  the  amount  raised  is  insufficient  to  keep  the  schools 
open  thirty-six  weeks,  the  balance  to  be  raised  by  school  rates 
on  the  parents.     Indigent  pupils  exempt  from  such  rates. 

10.  A  Board  of  three  examiners  to  be  appointed  by  the 
school  board. 

In  i85o193  the  provisions  of  this  act  were  extended  to  town- 
ships and  to  special  districts,  provided  such  township  or  district 
had  five  hundred  inhabitants.  The  question  of  the  adoption  of 
the  law  was  left  as  in  the  case  of  towns  to  the  majority  vote 
of  the  territory  interested. 

By  far  the  most  interesting  and  significant  feature  in  the 
educational  legislation  of  Ohio  in  the  years  just  preceding  1850 
are  these  laws  passed  for  towns  and  cities.  They  indicate  an 
awakening  in  the  urban  districts  to  the  need  of  universal  free 
education.  Cincinnati  had  pointed  the  way  to  the  other  cities 
of  the  state  since  1829,  and  had  been  followed  by  a  considerable 
number  of  municipalities.  The  law  passed  for  the  benefit  of 
Akron  came  when  the  social  consciousness  of  towns  and  cities 
was  ready  for  it,  and  the  legislature  responded  to  this  sentiment 
by  allowing  communities  to  adopt  its  provisions,  at  first  by  a 


O.  L.,  XLVIII,  50. 


68  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

majority  of  two-thirds,  but  within  a  year  by  a  simple  majority.194 
The  state  made  possible  a  town  or  city  system  that,  on  the  whole, 
was  an  excellent  system  for  the  period,  but  the  question  of  or- 
ganizing under  the  system  was  left  wholly  to  the  educational  in- 
terests or  municipal  pride  of  the  individual  communities. 


194  Not  all  towns  that  adopted  it  were  satisfied.  Between  1847  and 
1850  three  special  acts  were  passed  repealing  the  provisions  of  the  Akron 
law  in  the  case  of  three  towns  that  adopted  it.  Seven  other  special  acts 
for  schools  in  towns  and  cities  were  passed  in  these  three  years  to  meet 
the  desires  of  municipalities  that  wished  certain  different  features. 


CHAPTER  III 

SCHOOL  LANDS 

An  enormous  mass  of  legislation  was  (passed  by  the  General 
Assembly  of  Ohio,  between  the  years  1803  and  1850,  concern- 
ing the  state  school  lands.  Many  of  these  laws  were  general  in 
character,  many  applied  to  large  individual  tracts  such  as  the 
Western  Reserve,  the  Virginia  Military  Reserve,  the  United 
States  Military  Lands,  and  the  Ohio  Co.  and  Symmes  Purchase, 
and  in  addition  to  these  there  were  approximately  five  hundred 
that  were  wholly  local  or  special  in  their  application. 

A  brief  description  of  the  more  important  of  these  reserves 
and  purchases,  some  explanation  of  the  various  systems  of  sur- 
vey used  in  Ohio,  an  account  of  the  varying  nature  of  the  school 
grant  in  these  different  divisions,  and  a  study  of  the  accompany- 
ing maps  and  diagrams  is  an  almost  necessary  prerequisite  to 
any  clear  understanding  of  this  legislation. 

The  most  important  of  these  grants,  with  their  total  acreage, 
including  the  school  lands,  are  as  follows : l 

Acres. 

The  Virginia  Military  Reserve 4,204,800 

The  Western  Reserve 3,840,000 

The  U.  S.  Military  Lands 2,560,000 

The  Ohio  Company's  Purchase 1,227,168 

The  Symmes  Purchase 311,682 

In  addition  to  these  there  were  a  number  of  smaller  tracts, 
but  the  names  of  only  two  of  them  appear  in  the  discussion  of 
the  school  land  legislation.  These  two  were  the  Refugee  Tract, 
138,240  acres,  and  the  Moravian  Tract,2  12,000  acres. 

Over  12,000,000  acres  were  included  in  these  various  special 
districts.  The  remaining  portions  of  the  state  were  known  as 


Statistics*.     1885.     The  Land  and  Township  System  of  Ohio. 
A.  A.  Graham.     Pages  22,  23,  25,  29. 

2  History  of  Public  Permanent  School  Funds  in  the  U.  S.,  F.  H. 
Swift,  page  370. 

(69) 


70  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications, 


CLO  n  cjre  s  s  L_  &»-*.  dLs 


Land  Grants  and  Congress  Lands  in  Ohio. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         71 
I.  II. 


36 

30 

24 

18 

12 

6 

35 

29 

23 

17 

11 

5 

34 

28 

22 

16 

10 

4 

33 

27 

21 

15 

9 

3 

32 

26 

20 

14 

8 

2 

31 

25 

19 

13 

7 

1 

III. 


6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

IV. 


Methods  of  Surveying  Ohio  Lands. 


72  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

Congress  Lands,  and  belonged  to  the  Federal  Government.3  That 
portion  of  the  government  land  which  lay  on  the  eastern  border 
of  the  state,  just  south  of  the  Western  Reserve  was  the  first  to 
be  surveyed  into  townships,  and  was  commonly  spoken  of  as 
The  Seven  Ranges,  because  seven  ranges  of  townships  west  from 
the  Pennsylvania  line  were  included  in  this  first  survey.4 

It  has  already  been  pointed  out  that  a  state  wide  grant  of 
land  for  school  purposes  began  with  Ohio's  admission  as  a  state, 
and  that  the  precedent  thus  established  has  been  followed  in  ad- 
mitting all  the  later  states.5  It  is  also  true  that  the  rectangular 
method  of  laying  out  townships,  with  meridian  lines,  sections, 
towns  and  ranges  was  first  practiced  in  the  Ohio  surveys,6  and 
the  method  here  established  became,  too,  the  universal  practice 
in  all  subsequent  government  surveys. 

Two  great  American  inventions  were  thus  first  tried  in 
Ohio,  the  state  wide  grant  of  school  lands,  and  the  rectangular 
method  of  survey  into  six  mile  square  townships,  with  thirty- 
six  sections,  of  one  mile  square,  in  each.  Ohio  was  not  only  the 
first  state  to  receive  section  i67  as  a  school  grant,  it  was  the  first 
state  to  have  any  section  16. 

The  surveys  in  Ohio,  however  were  not  all  of  them  uniform 
in  the  method  of  laying  out  and  subdividing  the  townships.  The 
Seven  Ranges,  as  has  been  said,  were  first  surveyed.  The  town- 
ships here  were  laid  out  six  miles  square,  and  divided  into  thirty- 
six  sections,  each  one  mile  square,  but  the  numbering  of  the  sec- 
tions differs  from  that  in  the  later  surveys.  The  numbering  was 
that  shown  on  page  71,  diagram  i.  Section  one  is  located  in 


8  The  Indians  still  had  title  to  lands  in  the  state.  Most  of  these 
titles  were  vested  in  the  Government  by  1817,  but  the  last  titles  were  not 
stilled  until  1842.  Ohio  Statistics.  1885,  page  28. 

4  Ibid.     Page  20. 

6  See  page  13. 

6  Western  Reserve  Hist.  Soc.  Tracts.    Vol.  II.     Page  188. 

7  Section  16  was  the  section  reserved  for  school  purposes  in  each 
township,   in  the  "Congress  Lands"   of   Ohio  and  in  the   Ohio  Co.  and 
Symmes  purchases.     The  precedent  established  has  been  followed  in  all 
the  later  states   and    Section   16  has   regularly  been   the  school   section. 
Since  1848  with  the  admission  of  Oregon,  Section  36  has  been  added  to 
the  school  grant 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         73 

the  lower  south-east  corner  of  the  township,  and  the  sections 
are  numbered  upward,  in  tiers  of  six,  from  the  base  line  of  the 
township.  This  method  of  laying  out  townships  and  numbering 
sections  was  also  used  in  the  Ohio  Co.  and  Symmes  Purchases. 

In  the  Western  Reserve  and  the  U.  S.  Military  Lands  the 
townships  were  laid  out  in  five  mile  squares  instead  of  six,  and 
at  first  were  not  surveyed  into  sections  but  simply  divided  into 
four  20,000  acre  blocks  in  each  township  and  these  numbered 
as  shown  in  the  diagram  on  page  71. 

The  Virginia  Military  District  is  the  only  part  of  Ohio  in 
which  the  rectangular  system  of  survey  was  not  employed.  The 
early  settlers  here  chose  each  "for  himself  his  lands,  locating 
them  by  any  natural  boundary,  however  irregular  it  might  be, 
taking  care  only  to  get  the  full  amount  of  land  demanded  by  the 
warrants."  8  "This  led  to  no  regular  survey,  and,  as  a  conse- 
quence, an  irregularity  in  township  and  county  lines  followed, 
which  were  generally  based  on  the  boundaries  of  the  warrants." 

The  rest  of  the  state  was  made  up  of  Congress  Lands,  and 
in  all  of  these  the  method  of  survey  was  that  of  the  six-mile 
square  township,  and  the  division  into  sections.  The  manner 
of  numbering  the  sections  was  changed  from  that  in  the  Seven 
Ranges  and  in  the  Ohio  Co.  and  Symmes  Purchases. 

Section  one  in  these  lands  is  located  in  the  upper  right  hand 
corner, —  the  northeast  corner, —  of  the  township  and  the  sec- 
tions are  numbered  to  the  west  and  east  alternately,  number  six 
lying  in  the  northwest  corner  of  the  township,  and  section  seven 
located  just  beneath  section  six  and  numbering  back  to  the  east 
again,  as  shown  in  the  diagram  on  page  71. 

This  method  of  numbering  was  settled  by  federal  legisla- 
tion in  I7999  and  has  remained  the  same  since  that  time. 

The  Land  Ordinance  of  I78510  "for  ascertaining  the  mode 

8  Ohio  Statistical  Abstract.  Page  25.  The  statements  concerning  the 
surveys  in  Ohio  are  in  the  main  based  on  A.  A.  Graham's  article  on  the 
Land  and  Township  System  of  Ohio.  Ohio  Statistics.  1885.  Pp.  18-29, 
and  Col.  Charles  Whittlesey's  discussions  on  Surveys  of  Public  Land  in 
Ohio.  Western  Reserve  Hist.  Soc.  Tracts.  Vol.  II.  Pp.  187-191  and 
281-286. 

'Western   Reserve   Historical    Society  Tracts.     Vol.   II.    Page   282 

10  T.  Donaldson,  The  Public  Domain.    Chap.  13. 


74  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

of  disposing  of  lands  in  the  Western  Territory/'  provided  that 
''there  shall  be  reserved  the  lot  No.  16  of  every  township  for 
the  maintenance  of  public  schools  within  said  township." 

In  accordance  with  this  provision,  as  has  been  seen,  section 
1 6  was  reserved  for  schools  in  both  the  Ohio  Co.  and  Symmes 
Purchases.  In  these  two  tracts  there  is  also  found  a  reserva- 
tion for  religion  as  well  as  for  education,  a  thing  not  true  else- 
where in  the  state.  As  a  part  of  the  bargain  in  the  purchase  of 
these  lands  section  29  in  each  township  was  granted  by  the  gov- 
ernment to  the  purchasers,  for  religious  purposes,  and  these 
sections  have  ever  since  been  known  as  the  Ministerial  Lands. 

When  Ohio  was  admitted  to  the  Union  the  provisions  of 
the  ordinance  of  1785,  concerning  school  lands,  were  carried 
out  as  fully  as  possible  in  the  rest  of  the  state.  In  all  of  the 
Congress  Lands  section  16  in  each  township  was  permanently 
reserved  for  the  schools  of  the  township.  It  was  not  in  the 
power  of  Congress  to  grant  section  16  in  such  tracts  as  the 
Western  Reserve,  the  Virginia  Military  Reserve,  and  the  U.  S. 
Military  Lands.  These  lands  either  did  not  belong  to  the  Fed- 
eral Government  or  there  were  prior  claims  and  unsatisfied  land 
warrants  that  stood  in  the  way  of  any  such  granting  of  specific 
sections.  The  United  States  did  not  own  the  land  on  the  West- 
ern  Reserve,  and  in  the  case  of  the  so-called  Military  Lands,  the 
private  ownership  of  much  of  the  land,  through  the  taking  up 
of  land  scrip  or  bounties  by  the  soldiers  of  the  Revolution,  in 
the  service  of  the  Federal  Government  and  Virginia,  might  con- 
flict in  any  township. 

For  this  reason  the  assigning  of  school  land  in  these  por- 
tions of  the  state  could  not  take  the  form  of  reserving  section 
16  in  each  township.  Some  other  method  of  setting  aside  one- 
thirty-sixth  part  of  the  land  for  the  use  of  the  schools  in  these 
regions  had  to  be  devised. 

The  land  originally  reserved  for  schools  in  the  Virginia 
Military  Lands  was,  in  amount,  one-thirty-sixth  of  the  entire 
tract,  to  be  selected  by  the  legislature  of  Ohio  from  the  unlocated 
lands,  after  the  warrants  issued  by  the  state  of  Virginia  had 
been  satisfied.11 


u  U.  S.  Statutes  at  large.  Vol.  IT.  225. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.        75 

In  iSc>712  Congress,  in  response  to  a  petition  from  the  state 
legislature,13  appropriated  eighteen  quarter  townships  and  three 
sections  in  lieu  of  the  original  grant.  These  new  lands,  how- 
ever, were  not  located  within  the  Reserve  itself  but  to  the  north- 
east, between  the  \Yestern  Reserve  and  the  U.  S.  Military  Re- 
serve. This  territory  was  in  Congress  Lands,  title  to  which 
had  been  purchased  from  the  Indians. 

In  two  very  significant  ways  a  grant  of  this  kind  differed 
from  the  grant  of  section  16  in  each  township.  In  the  first 
place;  an  assignment  of  this  character  could  not  be  made  for 
the  township  individually,  but  had  to  be  for  the  schools  of  the 
Virginia  Military  Reserve  as  a  whole.  Secondly;  the  school 
lands  were  at  a  distance,  and  not  something  immediately  at  hand 
and  under  the  observation  of  all  as  in  the  case  of  section  16  in 
each  township.  Something  of  this  same  sort  was  true  in  the 
case  of  'each  of  the  other  large  reserves,  and  this  was  bound  to 
be  reflected  in  some  differences  in  legislation  concerning  these 
various  grants. 

The  land  reserved  for  the  U.  S.  Military  tract14  was  simi- 
larly assigned  by  quarter-townships,  but  the  reservation  was 
made  within  the  U.  S.  Military  Lands  themselves.  The  amount 
of  the  grant  in  this  case  was  fourteen  quarter-townships.  It 
must  be  remembered  in  comparing  this  grant  or  that  of  the 
Western  Reserve  with  those  of  other  parts  of  the  state  that 
the  townships  in  these  two  regions  contain  only  twenty-five 
square  miles,  as  compared  with  thirty-six  elsewhere. 

The  school  lands  first  selected  for  the  Western  Reserve 
consisted  of  fourteen  quarter-townships,  not  located  in  the  Re- 
serve itself,  but  in  the  U.  S.  Military  Lands.  To  this  was  added 
by  the  act  of  Congress  in  i83415  land  that  amounted  to  37,758 
acres,  to  be  selected  from  the  unlocated  lands  of  the  United 
States  within  the  state,  by  sections,  half-sections,  and  quarter- 
sections.  This  additional  grant  of  1834  was  in  lieu  of  one- 
thirty-sixth  part  of  that  land  in  the  Western  Reserve,  which  be- 


13    Nashee's  Compilation,  page  157. 

13  O.  L..  Vol.  V,  132. 

14  U.  S.  Statutes  at  large,  Vol.  II,  225. 
w  Ibid.,  Vol.  IV,  679. 


76  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

longed  to  the  Indian  tribes  when  Ohio  was  admitted,  but  the 
Indian  title  to  which  had  been  extinguished  in  1805. 

The  Moravian  Tract,  mentioned  once  or  twice  in  the  legis- 
lation, was  a  comparatively  small  reserve  of  12,000  acres  in 
Tuscarawas  County,  originally  granted  by  Congress  to  the  So- 
ciety of  United  Brethren,  in  trust  for  Christian  Indians.  These 
lands  reverted  to  the  United  States  in  1824,  and  in  the  same 
year  Congress16  set  aside  one-thirty-sixth  part  of  the  tract  for 
the  use  of  schools. 

The  location  of  the  more  important  of  these  various  tracts 
can  be  most  easily  gained  by  consulting  the  map  on  page  70. 

The  Western  Reserve  is  a  strip  of  land  on  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  state  approximately  thirty-five  miles  wide  and 
one  hundred  and  twenty  miles  long,  extending  west  from  the 
Pennsylvania  border.  It  was  this  land,  which  Connecticut 
claimed,  and  to  which  she  refused  to  cede  her  interests  when 
the  other  states  were  yielding  their  claims  in  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory to  the  United  States,  that  was  known  as  the  Connecticut 
Western  Reserve,  or  more  generally,  simply  as  the  Western 
Reserve. 

The  Virginia  Military  District  is  located  between  the  Scioto 
and  Little  Miami  Rivers,  projecting  to  the  northward  consider- 
ably past  the  middle  of  the  state.  It  takes  its  name  from  the 
fact  that  this  portion  of  the  state  was  "reserved  by  Virginia 
from  her  cession  of  the  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio  River, 
for  the  satisfaction  of  land  bounties  issued  to  her  troops  upon 
Continental  establishment."17 

The  United  States  had  also  set  aside  a  large  tract  of  land 
to  be  used  in  paying  the  claims  of  her  soldiers  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary War.  This  reservation  was  known  as  the  United  States 
Military  Lands,  and  is  located  just  a  little  to  the  west  and  north 
of  the  center  of  the  state. 

It  is  a  section  of  the  state  fifty  miles  in  width  on  its  western 
border,  beginning  at  the  northern  line  of  the  original  Seven 
Ranges  of  townships  first  surveyed,  and  following  the  western 
boundary  of  the  Seven  Ranges  fifty  miles  south.  Its  southern 


"Ibid.,  Vol.  IV,  56. 

"Taylor,  Ohio  School  System,  page 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.        77 

boundary  extends  from  this  point  directly  west  to  the  Scioto 
River,  while  on  the  west  the  Scioto  itself  is  the  natural  barrier; 
on  the  north  it  is  bounded  by  the  Greenville  Treaty  Line  (the 
old  Indian  boundary  line),  running  from  the  Scioto  back  to  the 
Seven  Ranges.18 

In  all  these  grants  the  purpose  and  intent  of  Congress  was 
that  the  land  should  be  for  the  use  of  schools  in  the  particular 
township  in  which  section  16  was  located,  or  where  it  was  im- 
possible to  grant  section  16,  that  the  lands  should  be  for  the 
use  of  the  particular  area  for  which  the  grant  was  made. 

The  care  of  the  lands  was  vested  in  the  legislature  of  the 
state,  for  the  use  of  the  particular  townships  and  districts  in- 
terested,* Some  explanation  for  the  excessive  amount  of  legis- 
lation concerning  these  lands  is  found  if  one  keeps  clearly  in 
mind  the  terms  of  the  original  grant,  and  the  ever  present  tend- 
ency of  the  Ohio  legislature,  to  allow  communities  so  far  as  it 
could  legally  be  done,  to  conduct  their  own  affairs. 

In  all  the  school  land  legislation  passed  in  Ohio  during  this 
period,  the  legislature,  formally  at  least,  guarded  against  any 
diversion  of  the  money  received  from  these  lands,  but  largely 
followed  the  desire  of  the  local  township  or  territory  as  to  the 
handling  of  the  lands,  after  setting  up  the  formal  legal  guards. 
The  lands  were  not  regarded,  and  were  not  intended,  as  a  grant 
to  the  state  at  large,  and  it  is  perhaps  only  natural  that  an  at- 
tempt should  have  been  made  to  carry  out  the  desires  of  the 
townships  and  districts  to  which  the  lands  were  felt  to  belong. 
Added  to  this  there  was  the  disposition  to  be  lenient  with  the 
early  settlers  on  the  lands.  No  doubt,  justice  was  not  done  to 
the  cause  of  education,  but  it  must  be  remembered  that  the 
schools  had  no  advocate,  while  the  petitioner  asking  special 
privileges  or  terms  in  regard  to  the  sale  or  lease  of  lands  was 
a  concrete  fact  with  concrete  desires  and  needs,  and  the  legis- 
lature doubtless  felt  that  it  had  done  its  whole  duty  if  the  terms 
of  the  grant  were  formally  protected. 

Certain  general  policies  of  handling  the  lands  may  be  out- 
lined before  discussing  the  legislation  in  greater  detail. 


1-  Ibid.,  page  85. 

*  Nashee's  Compilation,  pages  154,  155. 


78  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

The  policy  of  temporary  leasing,  1803  to  1817. 

The  policy  of  permanent  leasing,  1817  to  1823. 

Preparation  for  selling  the  lands;  temporary  leasing,  1823 
to  1827. 

The  policy  of  selling  the  lands  outright,  1827  to  1850. 

The  evident  intent  of  the  first  acts  concerning  school  lands 
was  to  devise  a  means  of  making  them  productive  and  valuable, 
and  to  keep  the  lands  themselves  as  a  permanent  source  of 
revenue. 

On  April  15,  1803,**  the  legislature  passed  an  act  that  pro- 
vided for  leasing  Section  No.  16  for  a  term  that  was  not  to  ex- 
ceed seven  years,  and  the  lands  in  the  United  States  Military 
Tract,  which  included  both  the  grants  to  that  tract  and  to  the 
Western  Reserve,  for  a  period  not  to  exceed  fifteen  years. 

The  rent  was  to  be  paid  by  certain  specified  improvements. 
On  each  quarter  section  (160  acres)  fifteen  acres  were  to  be 
cleared  and  fenced  in  separate  fields,  five  acres  were  to  be  sowed 
in  timothy  or  red  clover,  three  acres  to  be  planted  with  one  hun- 
dred thrifty  and  growing  apple  trees,  and  the  remaining  seven 
acres  prepared  for  plow  land.  The  leasing  was  to  be  carried 
on  by  agents  in  the  several  counties  or  districts  appointed  by  the 
Governor,  and  the  leases  were  to  be  granted  to  those  who  guar- 
anteed to  make  the  required  improvements  in  the  shortest  period 
of  time. 

The  intention  was  to  attract  settlers  who  were  unable  to 
buy  land  or  pay  rent,  and  have  them  by  their  labor  turn  the 
school  land  into  an  attractive  and  productive  piece  of  property, 
which  would  command  a  definite  revenue.  The  difficulty  with 
the  plan  from  the  lessees'  standpoint,  was  that  just  at  the  time 
the  land  became  productive,  he  must  either  move  or  begin  to 
pay  rent  for  improvements  which  he  himself  had  made.  With 
land  cheap  and  abundant  on  every  hand  and  terms  easy,  the 
ambitious  and  desirable  settlers  were  not  attracted  by  a  proposi- 
tion that  did  not  allow  them  to  keep  the  land  on  which  they 
settled,  and  the  improvements  which  they  had  themselves  made. 

The  results  were  evidently  not  satisfactory,  for  on  February 


U9O.  L.,  I,  61. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  76*50.         79 

20,  i8o5,20  an  act  was  passed  giving  the  township  trustees  author- 
ity to  lease  the  lands  in  their  respective  townships  for  a  term  not 
to  exceed  fifteen  years  to  those  who  made  the  most  "advan- 
tageous proposals."  This  was  followed  in  i8o621  by  an  act 
which  allowed  any  surveyed  township  in  which  there  were 
twenty  electors  to  incorporate  and  choose  trustees  for  the  special 
management  of  Section  No.  16.  The  section  was  to  be  laid  off 
in  lots  of  eighty  to  two  hundred  acres,  and  not  more  than  one  , 
lot  could  be  leased  by  any  one  person.  It  was  made  the  duty 
of  the  trustees  to  guard  against  waste  and  to  see  that  the  terms 
of  the  lease  were  complied  with.  The  provisions  of  these  acts 
left  the  management  of  the  lands  and  the  terms  of  leasing  wholly 
in  the  hands  of  the  township,  except  for  the  fact  that  a  fifteen- 
year  term  could  not  be  exceeded  and  not  more  nor  less  than  a 
specified  amount  leased  to  any  one  person. 

None  of  the  acts  so  far  had  made  any  provision  for  the 
land  granted  to  the  Virginia  Military  Tract  for  the  use  of  schools. 
It  will  be  remembered  that  this  consisted  of  some  eighteen  town- 
ships lying  outside  the  district  and  not  located  so  that  it  could 
be  locally  managed. 

By  an  act  passed  in  iSog22  these  lands  were  offered  for  sale 
to  the  highest  bidder  at  a  minimum  price  of  two  dollars  per 
acre,  the  purchaser  receiving  a  ninety-nine  year  lease,  renewable 
forever,  with  no  provision  for  revaluation.  It  was  the  evident 
design  to  sell  these  lands  out  at  once  and  create  a  fund,  the  pro- 
ceeds from  which  might  be  available  for  school  purposes  when 
needed.23  The  act  provided  that  the  lands  were  to  be  adver- 
tised in  four  newspapers  within  the  state,  and  newspapers  at 
Pittsburg  and  Brownsville,  Pennsylvania,  and  Wheeling,  Virginia. 

The  purchaser  was  to  pay  down  the  sum  charged  against 
each  quarter  section  for  the  expense  of  surveying  and  offering 
the  land  for  sale,  and  on  the  purchase  price  yearly  interest  of 


30  O.  L.,  Ill,  230. 

81 0.  L.,  IV,  66. 

aO.  L.,  VII,  109. 

33  The  money  received  was  to  be  paid  into  the  state  treasury  sub- 
ject to  appropriation  by  the  state  until  it  should  be  appropriated  for  the 
use  of  schools  in  the  district.  O.  L.,  XIII,  307. 


80  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

six  per  cent  forever.  Succeeding  legislatures  were  given  the 
right  to  make  such  commutations  as  they  might  deem  expedient. 
This  clause  was  evidently  intended  to  leave  the  way  open  for 
legislation  that  would  permit  a  cash  payment  in  lieu  of  the  six 
per  cent  annual  rental. 

The  terms  were  made  still  easier  for  the  purchaser  by  the 
act  of  i8io,24  which  provided  that  the  amount  paid  down  on 
each  quarter  section  should  be  ten  dollars  (to  pay  for  survey- 
ing, advertising,  etc.),  and  that  the  six  per  cent  interest  should 
not  begin  until  five  years  from  the  date  of  sale.  The  postpone- 
ment of  interest  money  for  five  years  was  doubtless  made  to 
meet  the  competition  of  United  .  States  land  offered  for  sale 
within  the  state  on  easy  terms  and  with  taxes  deferred  for  the 
first  five  years  after  purchase.  Each  purchaser  was  required  by 
this  act  to  build  a  cabin  and  clear  three  acres  of  land  within 
three  years. 

In  the  same  year25  an  act  was  passed  allowing  the  township 
trustees  to  receive  either  money  or  produce  as  rent  from  Section 
1 6,  and  requiring  the  lessee  to  make  such  improvements  as  the 
trustees  thought  proper,  and  in  i8i429  it  was  made  illegal  for 
any  lessee  of  school  lands  to  act  as  township  trustee  or  treasurer. 

This  covers  the  main  features  of  the  land  policy  during  the 
period  of  temporary  leasing.  Beginning  with  i8i627  in  the  Vir- 
ginia Military  Tract,  and  i8i728  in  the  rest  of.  the  state,  the 
policy  was  inaugurated  of  granting  permanent  leases  with  a 
revaluation  of  the  lands  at  stated  periods. 

The  policy  of  selling  the  Virginia  Military  lands  was 
changed,  for  the  lands  that  were  still  unsold.  The  Governor 
was  to  appoint  "three  disinterested  persons  to  appraise  them" 
and  a  register  under  a  bond  of  ten  thousand  dollars  was  ap- 
pointed to  lease  them.  The  leases  ran  for  ninety-nine  years, 
renewable  forever,  but  the  law  provided  that  they  were  to  be 
revalued  in  1835  an^  each  twenty  years  after  that  date,  the 
rental  to  be  six  per  cent  on  the  appraised  value,  payable  annually. 

*O.  L.,  VIII,  253. 
*  O.  L.,  VIII,  100. 
"O.  L.,  XIII,  295. 
21 0.  L.,  XIV,  418. 
*O.  L.,  XV,  202. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  i#50.         81 

This  principle,  with  certain  changes  in  details,  was  adopted 
the  following  year,  1817,  for  the  rest  of  the  state,28  with  the 
exception  of  the  Western  Reserve  school  lands.  Those  who 
held  school  lands  under  temporary  leases  were  allowed  to  ob- 
tain permanent  leases  by  making  application  to  the  county  com- 
missioners in  the  following  manner:  they  must  first  present  a 
certificate  signed  by  the  township  trustees  that  they  had  com- 
plied with  their  present  lease,  and  second,  the  consent  in  writing 
of  the  trustees  of  the  organized  township  and  of  a  majority  of 
the  citizens  in  unorganized  townships  to  the  granting  of  a  per- 
manent lease  in  the  place  of  a  temporary  one.  The  land  was 
then  appraised  by  three  appraisers  appointed  by  the  county 
commissioners  and  the  value  of  all  improvements  made  a  part 
of  the  appraised  estimate  (improvements  under  temporary 
leases  were  a  part  of  the  rental  paid).  The  township  trustees 
were  then  authorized  to  grant  leases  for  ninety-nine  years,  re- 
newable forever,  at  the  rate  of  six  per  cent  annually,  and  with 
a  revaluation  each  thirty-three  years.  The  same  method  was 
followed  in  the  case  of  unoccupied  lands,  excepting  the  pro- 
vision concerning  compliance  with  the  former  lease. 

In  unorganized  townships  the  county  commissioners  had 
charge  of  the  leasing,  and  in  the  United  States  Military  district 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  When  land  was  revalued,  it  was 
to  be  appraised  at  the  rate  of  unimproved  land  of  the  same 
quality  in  the  vicinity.  The  appraiser  was  to  consider  only  the 
general  advance  in  land  prices  and  not  the  value  that  had  been 
added  by  the  labor  of  the  lessee. 

Another  act  passed  in  i82i30  directed  that  land  in  the  United 
State  Military  Tract  appraised  at  less  than  one  dollar  an  acre 
should  not  be  leased,  and  confirmed  the  principle  of  permanent 
leasing  with  minor  changes  in  details  of  administration.  Im- 
provements made  by  settlers  in  this  district  were  included  in 
the  valuation  at  the  first  appraisal  after  this  date,  being  con- 
sidered as  a  part  of  the  rental  on  the  temporary  leases  held  by 
such  settlers.  These  laws  for  permanent  leasing  at  no  time 
applied  to  the  school  lands  belonging  to  the  Western  Reserve. 

29  O.  L.,  XV,  202. 
80  O.  L.,  XIX,  61. 
Vol.  XXVTI  — 6. 


82  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

While  the  general  policy  of  ninety-nine  year  leases  with  a 
revaluation  at  stated  periods  began  in  the  years  1816  and  1817, 
there  had  been  many  individual  leases  of  this  type  legalized  by 
special  legislative  action.  It  was  not,  therefore,  a  totally  new 
departure.  Prior,  to  1817  twenty-five  local  acts  had  been  passed 
by  the  legislature  legalizing  permanent  leases  for  portions  of 
the  school  land  in  various  localities,  and  in  the  leasing  of  the  min- 
isterial lands,  Section  29,  in  the  Symmes'  and  Ohio  Company's 
purchase,  this  plan  had  been  adopted  as  early  as  i8o6.31 

The  first  school  land  to  be  so  leased  was  the  section  be- 
longing to  the  town  of  Marietta  in  i8oS.32  From  this  time  until 
it  became  a  general  policy,  the  wishes  or  needs  of  various  com- 
munities were  met  by  these  special  legislative  actions.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  in  ten  of  the  twenty-five  acts  so  passed, 
the  reason  assigned  is  the  establishment  of  a  flour  mill,  sawmill, 
or  similar  industry.  In  these  cases  Section  16  evidently  fur- 
nished desirable  mill  sites  and  water  power,  but  lessees  were 
unwilling  to  erect  mills,  so  essential  to  newly  settled  communi- 
ties, without  some  guarantee-  of  permanence. 

In  general  the  policy  of  permanent  leasing  was  found  un- 
desirable. From  the  present  standpoint,  it  can  be  seen  that  if 
persisted  in  and  the  leasing  and  revaluation  carefully  managed, 
it  would  have  preserved  to  the  state  a  school  property  of  enor- 
mous value,  which  would  eventually  have  produced  an  income 
far  in  excess  of  the  method  of  selling  the  lands  and  funding 
the  proceeds.  From  the  standpoint  of  the  men  of  that  time  it 
was  found  undesirable  because  it  did  not  succeed  in  producing 
any  adequate  revenue  then  for  the  schools.  Land  was  abundant 
and  cheap.  Money  for  the  support  of  schools  was  scarce.  The 
state  was  rapidly  filling  up,33  but  desirable  settlers  preferred  to 
obtain  land  in  fee  simple.  It  doubtless  appeared  to  those  most 
friendly  towards  schools  and  education  that  it  would  be  more 
desirable  to  take  advantage  of  the  opportunity  to  sell,  getting 
the  best  terms  possible  and  assuring  to  the  schools  some  definite 


31 0.  L.,  IV,  33. 
"O.  L.,  VI,  96. 
93  See  page  10. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  18^0.         83 

support  from  the  grant  that  had  been  made.  Up  to  this  time 
the  actual  revenue  derived  from  the  lands  had  been  very  small.3* 

Caleb  Atwater  of  Cincinnati,  a  warm  friend  of  the  schools, 
as  chairman  of  a  committee  in  the  Lower  House,  said  in  a  re- 
port to  the  Assembly  in  1822:  "From  all  the  committee  have 
been  able  to  learn  it  would  seem35  that  more  money  has  been 
expended  by  the  state  in  legislating  concerning  these  lands  than 
they  have  yet  or  ever  will  produce,  unless  some  other  method 
of  managing  them  be  devised  than  any  hitherto  pursued.  *  *  * 
The  committee  are  impressed  with  the  belief  that  unless  these 
lands  are  soon  sold  *  *  *  no  good  and  much  evil  will 
accrue  to  the  state  from  the  grant  of  these  lands  by  Congress." 
He  was  not  alone  in  his  opinion.  A  memorial  addressed  to 
Congress  by  the  General  Assembly  in  the  same  year,36  speaking 
of  school  lands  in  general  in  the  West,  said  that  these  lands 
have  as  yet  been  very  unproductive,  and  while  the  legislatures 
of  the  states  in  which  they  are  situated  are  restricted  by  the 
conditions  attached  to  these  grants  they  must  ever  be  so.  In- 
deed, it  may  well  be  doubted  whether  more  money  has  not  been 
spent  than  the  whole  amount  derived  from  the  lands. 

The  legislature  at  this  session  was  evidently  impressed  by 
Atwater's  report  and  convinced  that  the  policy  of  leasing  under 
any  of  the  plans  tried  was  a  failure.  The  lands  belonging  to  the 
Western  Reser-ve  were  still  being  leased  on  temporary  leases 
with  a  maximum  of  fifteen  years'  duration. '  Throughout  the 
rest  of  the  state  the  policy  of  permanent  leasing  was  the  author- 
ized method. 

The  unleased  lands  belonging  to  the  Western  Reserve  were 
first  withdrawn  from  leasing.  This  act,  passed  January  21, 
i822,37  forbade  any  further  leasing  of  unoccupied  lands,  and 
allowed  occupied  lands  to  be  released  not  longer  than  to  April 
I,  1826.  The  following  year,  January  27,  i823,38  the  legisla- 

84  Atwater,  speaking  of  the  first  eighteen  years  of  the  state's  history, 
said:  "Scarcely  a  dollar  was  ever  paid  over  to  the  people  for  whose 
benefit  the  land  had  been  given."  Atwater,  History  of  Ohio,  page  253. 

*  Ibid.    Page  258. 

"  O.  L.,  XX,  64. 

8T  O.  L.,  XX,  34. 

M  O.  L.,  XXI,  33. 


84  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

ture  authorized  the  surrender  of  leases  for  school  lands  through- 
out the  entire  state,  and  forbade  the  granting  of  any  new  leases 
for  a  period  of  one  year.  The  intent  of  this  law  was  evidently 
not  to  compel  a  surrender  of  leases,  but  to  provide  a  way  in 
which  they  might  be  legally  terminated  at  the  desire  of  the 
lessee,  with  a  prospect  of  sale  in  fee  simple  at  some  future  time. 

This  same  act  directed  the  various  county  auditors  and  the 
register  of  school  lands  in  the  United  States  Military  District 
to  make  a  complete  report  to  the  auditor  of  state  showing:  "the 
whole  amount  of  school  lands  in  each  county,  what  proportion 
is  leased,  what  is  vacant,  how  the  lands  are  divided,  distinguish- 
ing each  tract  by  the  number  of  acres,  range,  township,  section 
and  quarter,  showing  what  parts  are  leased,  what  rent  is  reserved 
on  each  tract  leased,  how  long  the  lease  is  to  run,  whether  re- 
newable, and  if  so,  whether  subject  to  reappraisement." 

It  is  evident  that  neither  the  legislature  nor  any  state  officer 
knew  just  what  the  situation  was  in  regard  to  school  lands 
throughout  the  state.  This  lack  of  information  was  the  natural 
result  of  the  various  policies  adopted  for  handling  the  lands. 
In  organized  townships  the  township  trustees  were  in  charge  of 
the  leasing  and  in  unorganized  townships  the  county  commis- 
sioners. In  the  United  States  Military  District  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  supervised  the  leasing  of  both  the  lands  reserved 
for  that  district  and  those  belonging  to  the  Western  Reserve, 
while  in  the  Virginia  Military  District  a  land  officer,  appointed 
by  the  General  Assembly,  was  in  charge.  There  was  no  cen- 
tral office  or  body  which  had  general  supervision  except  the 
legislature  itself.  This  body  now  felt  the  necessity  of  a  general 
change  of  policy,  but  found  that  it  lacked  information  as  to 
what  had  already  been  done. 

The  cessation  of  leasing  and  the  acquiring  of  the  infor- 
mation desired  prepared  the  way  for  this  general  change  in 
policy.  It  was  felt  that  more  advantageous  results  could  be 
obtained  by  selling  the  lands  outright,  but  there  was  doubt  in 
the  minds  of  the  legislators  as  to  the  authority  of  the  state  to 
permit  the  lands  to  be  disposed  of  in  this  way.  By  the  terms 
of  the  original  grant,  the  lands  had  been  set  aside  for  the  use 
of  schools  in  the  particular  townships  and  districts  forever. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.        85 

While  the  general  management  of  the  trust  was  vested  in  the 
legislature,  it  seemed  doubtful  if  actual  alienation  of  the  lands 
was  originally  contemplated,  even  though  the  funds  should  be 
permanently  invested  for  the  use  of  schools. 

In  i82439  a  carefully  phrased  memorial  was  submitted  to 
Congress,  asking,  first,  for  an  additional  grant  of  land  for  the 
use  of  schools  in  the  Western  Reserve,*0  and  second,  that  Con- 
gress confirm  the  right  of  the  state  of  Ohio  to  sell  the  school 
lands.  As  an  indication  of  the  sentiment  of  the  time  it  is  an 
interesting  document.  It  shows  first  that  the  general  attitude 
of  the  state  toward  the  grant  from  the  United  States  was  that 
the  lands  had  been  ceded  by  the  United  States  in  return  for 
certain  concessions  made  by  Ohio,  and  second,  the  difficulties 
that  inhered  in  the  attempt  to  derive  a  revenue  from  the  lands 
themselves.  The  memorial  argues  that  the  original  grants  were 
in  the  nature  of  a  compact  made  with  the  state  and  were 
"granted  upon  full  consideration  arising  from  the  increased  value 
of  the  remaining  lands  belonging  to  the  United  States  and  also 
from  the  relinquishment,  on  the  part  of  the  state  of  Ohio,  of 
the  right  to  tax  the  lands  of  the  United  States  within  the  state 
of  Ohio  until  five  years  after  the  sale  thereof." 

'That  it  was  the  intention  of  the  parties  to  the  compact 
aforesaid  that  one-thirty-sixth  part  of  all  the  lands  within  the 
state  of  Ohio  should  be  granted  to  the  people  thereof  for  the 
use  of  common  schools,  and  should  be  placed  under  the  control 
of  the  legislature"  and  that  the  state  is  of  right  entitled  to  the 
additional  grant  for  the  Western  Reserve. 

The  memorial  goes  on  to  say  that  in  relation  to  the  lands 
already  appropriated,  the  legislature  "have  resorted  to  various 
methods  of  rendering  them  productive,  and,  in  particular,  that 
of  leasing  them  to  such  individuals  as  have  applied  therefor; 

39  O.  L.,  XXII,  local,  153. 

40  When  the  original  grant  was  made  for  the  Western  Reserve  no 
lands  were  set  aside  for  the  use  of  schools  in  the  lands  then  held  by  the 
Indian  tribes  within  the  Reserve.    When  the  Indian  title  was  extinguished, 
Ohio  immediately  asked  for  an  additional  grant  equal  to  one  thirty-sixth 
part  of  the  land  so  held.     This  grant  was  finally  made  by  Congress  in 
1834.41 

41 U.  S.  Statutes  at  large,  Vol.  IV,  679. 


86  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

that  experience  has  fully  demonstrated  that  this  fund  will  be 
wholly  unavailing  in  their  hands  in  its  present  shape."  That 
to  accomplish  the  objects  contemplated  "the  legislature  should 
possess  unlimited  control  over  the  lands"  with  the  power  of  dis- 
posing of  them  in  fee. 

"The  objections  which  are  urged  against  the  present  mode 
of  administering  that  fund  are  in  the  first  place  that  by  reason 
of  the  facilities  which  the  state  of  Ohio  affords  for  acquiring 
property  in  real  estate,  a  necessity  exists  of  leasing  the  lands 
to  persons  almost  destitute  of  pecuniary  means  whereby  the 
avails  of  these  lands  are  rendered,  at  least,  uncertain.  In  con- 
sequence also,  that  as  these  lands  are  detached  over  the  whole 
of  the  state  of  Ohio,  the  expense  which  must  necessarily  be  in- 
curred by  creating  a  superintendence  over  them,  renders  them 
less  productive  than  your  memorialists  conceive  they  might  be 
rendered  if  the  lands  were  sold  and  the  proceeds  concentrated 
in  one  fund." 

'The  fact,  also,  before  adverted  to,  that  these  lands  must 
necessarily  be  entrusted  to  the  possession  of  those  of  the  lowest 
class  of  the  community,  and  who  possess  no  permanent  interest 
in  the  soil,  has  produced  a  waste  upon  these  lands  of  their  timber 
and  otherwise,  equal  perhaps  to  the  whole  revenue  which  may 
have  been  derived  from  them." 

The  memorial  recites  further  that  the  method  of  leasing 
"will  invite  and  retain  a  population  within  her  boundaries  of  a 
character  not  to  be  desired  and  in  amount  so  great  as  to  create 
an  evil  which  can  only  be  conceived  of  in  a  country  where  every 
individual  possessing  a  very  moderate  portion  of  industry  and 
economy  may,  within  a  single  year,  appropriate  to  himself  in  fee 
a  quantity  of  land  sufficient  to  furnish  means  of  support  for  an 
ordinary  family." 

The  memorial  continues  by  saying  "that  these  evils  arise 
wholly  from  the  system  of  granting  leases  and  are  such  as  can 
not  be  remedied  by  legislative  action,  if,  as  some  have  supposed, 
the  state  have  not  the  power,  under  the  terms  of  the  original 
grant,  of  disposing  of  these  lands  in  fee."  The  memorialists 
believe  that  the  state  has  the  right,  but  "they  are  of  the  opinion 
that  an  act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  declaratory  of 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         87 

the  extent  of  the  grant  aforesaid  will  be  productive  of  much 
benefit  in  case  the  legislature  of  the  state  should  hereafter  de- 
termine to  dispose  of  the  same;  that  it  will  have  the  full  effect 
of  removing  the  doubt  in  the  minds  of  the  purchasers  and 
thereby  enhance  the  price  which  will  be  obtained  for  the  same." 

They  therefore  asked  Congress  to  grant  them  the  right  to 
dispose  of  the  lands  in  fee,  the  proceeds  to  be  invested  in  a  per- 
manent fund,  the  income  of  which  should  be  applied  for  the 
use  of  common  schools  in  the  townships  or  districts  to  which 
the  lands  were  originally  granted,  provided  that  Section  16 
should  not  be  sold  without  the  consent  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
township  to  which  the  land  belonged. 

Congress  passed  the  desired  legislation  February  i,  i826,42 
and  on  January  27,  i827,43  the  legislature  passed  an  act  direct- 
ing each  township  in  the  state  possessing  school  land  to  vote 
upon  the  question  of  its  sale,  and  also  authorizing  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  United  States  Military  District44  and  the  Virginia 
Military  District45  to  decide  the  same  question.  Legislation 
authorizing  a  vote  on  the  Western  Reserve46  was  not  passed 
until  the  following  year. 

In  the  meantime  the  policy,  of  special  legislation  to  meet 
local  needs  had  continued.  From  1817  to  i823,47  the  period  of 
permanent  leasing,  twenty-one  local  acts  had  been  passed  mak- 
ing special  provisions  for  leasing  or  extending  the  time  for 
making  payments  on  leases,  and  from  1823  to  1827,  eleven  more 
acts  were  passed  authorizing  the  revaluation  of  lands  leased, 
changing  the  conditions  for  lessees,  or  authorizing  short  time 
leases,  etc. 

The  general  policy  inaugurated  by  the  legislation  of  1827 
and  1828  remained  the  policy  of  the  state  until  1850,  though 
certain  changes  were  made  correcting  some  of  the  more  unde- 
sirable features. 


42  U.  S.  Statutes  at  large,  Vol.  IV,  138. 

48  O.  L.,  XXV,  26. 

44  O.  L.,  XXV,   103. 

48  O.  L.,  XXV,  45. 

"  O.  L.,  XXVI,  135. 

41  O.  L.,  XIX,  35,  72,  75,  are  examples 


88  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

The  legislation  of  1827  provided  that  the  townships  or  dis- 
tricts interested  should  decide  upon  the  sale  of  their  school  lands 
and  described  the  method  by  which  the  sale  was  to  be  made  in 
case  the  vote  was  favorable.  It  did  not  actually  authorize  the 
sale.  This  was  to  be  done  after  the  vote  was  taken  by  addi- 
tional acts  of  the  legislature,  or  in  the  case  of  the  United  States 
Military  District  by  proclamation  of  the  Governor.  The  pro- 
visions governing  the  sale  were  as  follows :  land  that  was  un- 
occupied was  to  be  appraised  by  the  county  assessor.  The  land 
was  then  advertised  and  offered  for  sale  to  the  highest  bidder  by 
the  county  auditor.  No  bid  could  be  received  for  less  than 
appraised  value.  Payments  were  made  to  the  county  treasurer, 
and  the  money  received  by  him  was  deposited  with  the  state 
treasurer  to  the  credit  of  the  township  or  district  to  which  it 
had  belonged.  When  the  money  was  all  paid  the  purchaser  re- 
ceived a  deed  from  the  state. 

It  was  in  the  legislation  concerning  the  occupied  lands  that 
the  greatest  loss  occurred  to  the  state.  Holders  of  permanent 
leases  were  allowed  to  surrender  their  leases,  and  by  the  pay- 
ment of  the  appraised  value  upon  which  it  had  been  originally 
leased  receive  a  deed  in  fee  simple.  The  terms  of  payment  were 
easy,  running  over  periods  of  seven  to  ten  years,  and  by  subse- 
quent legislation  further  extended  in  many  cases. 

The  following  year,  1828,"  the  legislature  authorized  sales 
to  be  made  in  thirty-nine  counties  in  which  the  vote  had  been 
favorable.  From  this  time  until  1850  there  was  a  constant  suc- 
cession of  local  acts  authorizing  sales  in  various  townships  and 
counties;  making  provisions  for  leasing  lands  where  the  assent 
was  not  given  to  the  sale ;  authorizing  revaluation  of  lands  where 
lessees  thought  the  original  valuation  was  too  high,  or  the  town- 
ships considered  it  too  low;  giving  additional  time  in  which  to 
make  the  payments  due;  and  in  general  enacting  various  laws 
that  had  only  local  application.  Between  1827  and  1850  ap- 
proximately four  hundred  such  laws  were  passed.  In  i82849 
those  townships  that  had  not  voted  to  sell  their  school  lands 
were  authorized  to  lease  it  for  periods  of  not  less  than  three 

48  O.  L.,  XXVI,  local,  4. 
4'O.  L.,  XXVI,  80, 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850,        89 

years  for  improved  lands  nor  seven  years  for  unimproved  lands. 
In  case  the  consent  of  the  townships  had  been  given  and  the 
lands  remained  unsold,  they  might  be  leased  from  year  to  year 
on  the  best  terms  obtainable.  The  entire  arrangement  and  re- 
sponsibility was  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  township  trustees. 
In  i838,50  largely  through  the  influence  of  Samuel  Lewis,  the 
State  Superintendent  of  Schools,  the  practice  of  allowing  the 
holders  of  permanent  leases  to  surrender  their  leases,  and  by 
payment  of  the  first  appraised  value,  receive  a  deed  in  fee  simple, 
was  stopped,  and  by  an  act  of  i843,51  sucn  surrender  was  au- 
thorized only  upon  the  land  being  reappraised  and  the  amount 
of  its  new  valuation  paid.  From  i83952  on  it  was  a  common 
practice  to  include  a  minimum  price  below  which  the  land  could 
not  be  sold,  and  in  i84553  a  general  act  was  passed  forbidding 
the  sale  of  any  school  land  in  the  state  for  less  than  five  dollars 
an  acre.  This  concludes  the  main  features  of  the  legislation  on 
this  subject  from  1803  to 


Summary. 

The  first  attempt  of  the  legislature  was  to  preserve  the 
lands  and  make  them  productive  through  a  system  of  short  term 
leases,  which  provided  for  the  payment  of  rents  through  improve- 
ments made  upon  the  lands.  This  system  was  followed  until 
1817  with  the  exception  of  the  land  belonging  to  the  Virginia 
Military  District. 

The  system  of  temporary  leasing  was  found  unsatisfactory 
and  in  1817  the  state  embarked  on  the  policy  of  authorizing  per- 
manent leases  with  a  revaluation  of  lands  at  periods  of  thirty 
to  thirty-five  years.  This  system  also  proved  unsatisfactory  in 
practice. 

From  1827  on  the  state  legalized  the  sale  of  school  lands 
in  fee  simple,  but  allowed  the  local  community  to  decide  whether 
the  lands  should  be  sold,  and  in  case  they  were  not,  the  manage- 
ment was  left  in  the  hands  of  the  township  trustees,  with  certain 


80  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  33. 

61 0.  L.,  XLI,  20. 

MO.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  88. 

83  O.  L.,  XLV,  58. 


90  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

limitations  as  to  the  length  of  time  for  which  leases  might  be 
granted.  The  money  from  lands  sold  was  paid  through  the 
county  treasurer's  office  into  the  office  of  the  state  treasurer  and 
placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  state,  the  state  pledging  itself  to 
pay  a  six  per  cent  annual  interest  upon  the  moneys  so  deposited 
for  the  use  of  the  schools  of  the  township  or  territory  to  which 
the  land  had  belonged.  The  revenue  from  leased  land  was 
handled  directly  by  the  township  trustees  and  apportioned  among 
the  school  districts  of  the  townships.  The  basis  of  apportion- 
ment in  each  case  was  the  number  of  white  unmarried  youth 
between  the  ages  of  four  and  twenty-one.  During  the  whole 
period  the  legislature  heeded  local  needs  and  wishes  through  local 
and  special  legislation. 

The  results  of  the  system,  or  lack  of  system,  entailed  great 
loss.  This  loss  was  not  due  primarily  to  the  leasing  of  the  lands 
or  the  selling  of  them,  but  to  the  fact  that  the  state  had  no 
central  office  whose  business  it  was  to  oversee  the  lands  and 
know  exactly  what  the  conditions  were  in  regard  to  them,  and 
to  see  that  the  laws  in  force  were  obeyed.  The  legislature  was 
a  changing  body.  It  lacked  necessary  information  for  intelligent 
action  in  many  cases,  and  it  attempted  to  meet  local  conditions 
without  complete  knowledge  of  the  facts. 

The  chief  specific  points  in  the  general  policy  that  resulted 
in  loss  were : 

First.  That  of  allowing  permanent  lessees  whose  lands  had 
been  appraised  during  the  period  from  1817  to  1823"  to  sur- 
render their  leases  and  obtain  deeds  by  paying  the  original  ap- 
praisal value.  This  policy  was  followed  until  1838. 

Second.55  The  policy  of  local  appraisal.  This  might  or 
might  not  work  well.  It  depended  wholly  on  the  appraisers 
chosen.  It  was  found  necessary  to  forbid  by  law  any  appraiser 
purchasing  land. 


64  "Cases  have  come  to  my  knowledge  where  land  'has  been  taken  at 
six  dollars  per  acre  worth  at  the  time  fifty  dollars.  *  *  *  The  tenants 
to  be  sure  make  their  fortunes,  but  the  schools  are  sacrificed."  Ohio 
Doc.  36th  G.  A.  Doc.  17,  page  41. 

81  "In  one  very  aggravated  case  the  assessor  was  a  lessee  on  the 
land."  Ibid.  Doc.  17,  page  41. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.         91 

Third.  That  no  minimum  price  was  placed  upon  the  school 
lands  until  i845.56 

Fourth.  The  policy  of  local  control  in  leasing  and  of  special 
or  local  legislation.  Where  the  school  sentiment  was  high  this 
might  work  well,  but  where  it  was  low  the  results  were  apt  to 
be  disastrous. 

The  state  lacked  any  settled,  clearly  'defined  policy,  and  it 
lacked  administrative  machinery  to  oversee  the  policies  that  were 
initiated.  The  legislators,  in  general,  were  doubtless  honest  in 
their  efforts,  but  they  were  occupied  but  a  few  weeks  each  year 
and  then  on  all  classes  of  legislation.  It  was  only  as  one  had 
opportunity  to  study  the  question  in  detail  and  in  its  bearing  upon 
the  state  as  a  whole,  and  to  carry  on  this  work  for  a  period  of 
years,  that  a  basis  could  be  afforded  for  intelligent  action.  Sam- 
uel Lewis  was  enabled  to  give  a  portion  of  his  time  to  this  work 
in  the  three  years  from  1837  to  1840  and  the  legislation  resulting 
saved  thousands  of  dollars  for  the  schools. 

A  quotation  from  the  report  of  John  Brough,  auditor  of 
state  in  1839  and  1840,  furnishes  a  fitting  conclusion  to  this  sum- 
mary.57 Mr.  Brough  had  previously  been  a  member  of  the  legis- 
lature and  as  a  member  was  evidently  satisfied  that  the  general 
policy  followed  by  the  legislature  was  desirable.  The  quotation 
shows  the  change  in  his  opinion  when,  as  auditor  of  state,  he 
gave  the  question  careful  study. 

"One  of  the  most  important  items  of  state  policy,  and  one 
which  it  is  feared  has  been  least  investigated  and  understood,  is 
the  prudent  management  and  judicious  disposition  of  our  school 
lands.  Through  the  indefatigable  labor  of  the  state  superintend- 
ent, public  attention  has  been  fully  aroused  to  the  waste  that  has 
been  committed  in  this  property,  and  a  determination  instilled 
to  place  additional  guards  upon  the  future.  That  determination 


M  "It  is  not  uncommon  to  find  land  sold  for  fifty,  forty,  thirty, 
twenty,  ten,  and  in  one  case,  as  low  as  five  cents  per  acre.  Men  have 
become  the  purchasers  of  whole  sections  for  a  mere  trifle,  and  that  some- 
times where  it  only  required  a  few  years  to  have  realized  five,  ten,  fifteen 
or  twenty  dollars  per  acre."  Third  Annual  Report,  Superintendent  of 
Common  Schools,  Ohio,  page  58. 

"  O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  Auditor's  Report,  32-33. 


92  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

cannot  be  too  carefully  cherished  or  rigidly  adhered  to.  The 
investigations  imposed  by  the  ordinary  discharge  of  public  duty, 
have  thrown  a  light  and  sealed  a  conviction,  upon  my  own  mind, 
at  variance  with  my  former  opinions,  which  had  been  conceived 
upon  a  superficial  knowledge  of  the  subject;  —  and  such  will 
be  the  effect  upon  the  mind  of  every  one  who  will  seek  the 
records  and  gather  the  melancholy  information  they  contain.  Our 
school  fund  this  year,  arising  from  interest  on  sales  of  lands, 
and  subject  to  distribution  among  the  counties,  is  $73,618.78; 
and  to  accumulate  this,  we  have  sacrificed  lands,  which,  if  they 
had  been  judiciously  held  and  managed,  would  have  now  given 
us  at  least  ten  times  that  amount  and  constituted  a  revenue  suffi- 
cient to  educate  every  child  in  the  state." 


R*« 


CHAPTER  IV 

SECONDARY  AND   HIGHER  EDUCATION 

SECONDARY  EDUCATION 

The  legislation  concerning  secondary  education  in  Ohio  prior 
to  1850  deals  wholly  with  the  incorporation  of  private  secondary 
institutions,  except  in  the  case  of  a  few  city  or  town  charters  in 
the  last  few  years  of  this  period,  which  make  provision  for 
schools  of  "a  higher  grade"  or  for  high  schools.) 

The  state  did  not  concern  itself  with  secondary  schools  ex- 
cept to  indicate  the  manner  in  which  they  might  be  incorporated 
and  in  placing  certain  limits  upon  their  activities  and  upon  the 
amount  of  property  they  might  hold.  Here  again  the  principle 
was  that  of  local  initiative  with  the  state  willing  to  encourage 
local  effort  by  legally  recognizing  the  school  established,  but  tak- 
ing no  responsibility  or  initiative  for  establishing,  supporting,  or 
controlling  such  schools. 

The  Constitution  declared  that  every  association  of  persons 
having  given  themselves  a  name  might,  on  application  to  the  leg- 
islature, be  entitled  to  receive  letters  of  incorporation  to  enable 
them  to  hold  estates  for  the  support  of  their  schools,  academies, 
colleges,  universities,  and  for  other  purposes1  When  the  legis- 
lature had  granted  the  act  of  incorporation  provided  for,  it  con- 
sidered its  whole  duty  in  the  matter  at  an  end.  The  idea  of  a 
free  system  of  common  schools  gradually  developed  during  the 
period  and  the  conception  of  state-wide  taxation  for  at  least 
their  partial  support  appears  as  early  as  1825,  but  at  no  time 
prior  to  1850  does  the  legislation  show  any  conception  of  a  state 
system  of  education  embracing  elementary,  secondary  and  higher 
education.  Secondary  education  was  for  those  communities  that 
wanted  and  could  afford  to  pay  for  it. 

Mr.  Lewis  in  his  second  report  in  1838  had  clearly  in  mind 
the  beginnings  of  a  state  secondary  system.  He  did  not  how- 


1  O.  L.,  I,  3,  Art.  8,  Sec.  27. 

(93) 


94  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

ever,  advocate  legislation  that  would  in  any  way  compel  the  state 
to  take  a  part  in  the  establishment  of  secondary  schools,  but 
rather  a  law  that  would  allow  individual  townships  to  estab- 
lish such  schools  and  support,  them  from  public  funds,  with  the 
method  of  establishment  and  support  warranted  by  the  law  of  the 
state. 

His  advice  to  the  legislature  on  the  subject  was  as  follows:2 
"There  are  some  townships  that  have  the  means  and  the  desire 
of  establishing  central  township  schools  or  academies,  and  in 
most  of  our  townships  the  youth  over  twelve  years  of  age  could 
with  convenience  attend  such  a  school.  The  number  of  town- 
ships now  prepared  for  this  measure  is  small,  but  will  be  increas- 
ing. I  recommend,  therefore  a  provision  giving  the  whole  num- 
ber of  directors  in  the  township  authority  to  establish  such  a 
school,  and  assess  upon  the  township  such  sum  of  money  as  may 
be  required  for  that  purpose,  and  to  this  end,  they  should  from 
their  own  number,  appoint  a  board  of  five,  who  should  for  the 
time  being  control  such  central  school. 

The  mere  passage  of  the  law  could  do  no  harm  to  those 
townships  who  would  refuse  to  avail  themselves  of  its  provisions, 
and  would  give  to  those  desiring  the  privilege,  the  right  to  ex- 
ercise it." 

No  action  was  taken  upon  this  recommendation,  and  no  gen- 
eral legislation  concerning  secondary  education  was  enacted  prior 
to  1850.  Some  city  charters  made  provision  for  schools  above 
the  elementary,  but  the  state  did  not  concern  itself  with  secondary 
education  as  a  recognized  part  of  the  public  school  system. 

The  usual  type  of  secondary  institution  receiving  letters  of 
incorporation  was  an  academy  supported  by  a  stock  company, 
with  shares  selling  for  from  five  to  fifty  dollars  each.  A  com- 
munity that  wished  an  education  for  its  children  beyond  the 
three  r's  of  the  common  school,  subscribed  stock  for  the  purpose 
of  building  and  equipping  a  school  of  higher  grade.  The  man- 
agement was  ordinarily  in  the  hands  of  a  Board  of  Trustees 
elected  by  the  stockholders.  In  most  cases  the  articles  of  in- 
corporation do  not  mention  tuition  or  rates,  but  in  some  cases 


2  Ohio  Documents.    37th  G.  A.     Doc.  32.     Page  28. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.        95 

it  is  specifically  stated3  that  the  running  expense  of  the  school 
shall  be  assessed  upon  the  parents  in  proportion  to  the  number 
of  children  attending,  and  doubtless  in  all  cases  tuition  was 
charged."^  Occasionally  the  trustees  are  authorized  to  set  apart 
a  fund  lor  the  education  of  poor  children.4  A  school  of  this 
type  was  usually  called  an  academy,  less  frequently  the  terms 
"institute"  and  "seminary"  appeared.  The  names  "seminary" 
and  "institute"  are  not  used  with  one  or  two  exceptions  until 
after  1830.  The  name  "high  school"  appears  at  this  same  period 
and  is  used  occasionally  to  designate  a  school  of  this  same  gen- 
eral type  of  organization,  supported  by  an  association  of  sub- 
scribers, who  formed  a  stock  company  to  raise  the  funds  for 
the  establishment  or  support  of  the  school.  The  first  high  school 
chartered  in  Ohio  was  the  Elyria  High  School,  February  22, 
i83O,5  followed  the  next  year  by,the  Woodward  High  School  of 
Cincinnati.6  The  latter  institution  had  been  incorporated  as  the 
"Free  Grammar  School"  as  early  as  i827,7  but  its  earlier  function 
was  declared  to  be  the  "better  instruction  of  the  poor  children" 
."in  the  rudiments  of  an  English  education."  By  the  terms  of 
the  incorporation  the  trustees  were  directed  to  confine  instruc- 
tion to  "the  common  and  necessary  branches  of  an  English  edu- 
cation," and  not  to  extend  it  to  the  higher  branches  of  such  an 
education  until  the  funds  were  sufficient  to  provide  for  all  the 
poor  children  in  the  city. 

The  total  number  of  incorporations  of  schools  intended  to 
be  of  higher  type  than  common  schools  was  171  during  the 
period',  classed  as  follows: 

^c       Academies  — 1803-1810 4 

1811-1820 8 

1821-1830 10 

1831-1840 44 

1841-1850 26 

92 


8O.  L.,  XVI,  157.     Towns  of  Harpersfield  and  Madison,  1818. 
4O.  L.,  IX,  57.     Gallia  Academy,  1811. 
B0.  L.,  XXVIII,  local,  116. 
eO.  L.,  XXIX,  local,  43. 
7  O.  L.,  XXV,  local,  62. 


96  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

Seminaries  —  1803-1810 1 

1811-1820 1 

1821-1830 0 

1831-1840 20 

1841-1850 10 

32 

Institutes  — 1803-1830 0 

1831-1840 13 

1841-1850 17 

30 

High  Schools  —  1803-1820 0 

1821-1830 1 

1831-1840 8 

1841-1850 5 

14 

Boarding  School   1 

Universal   School 1 

Independent  School   1 

3 

Total 171 

The  names  of  these  schools  and  the  date  of  their  incorpora- 
tion arranged  in  chronological  order  are  shown  on  pages  97  to 
101,  and  their  location  is  shown  on  the  map  that  accompanies 
this  list.  The  Erie  Literary  Society,  located  at  Burton,  on  the 
Western  Reserve  leads  the  list  in  1803,  followed  by  Academies 
in  Dayton,  Worthington  and  Chillicothe  in  1808. 

The  Western  Reserve  far  outstrips  any  other  section  of  the 
state  in  the  number  of  these  institutions,  having  more  than  three 
times  as  many  as  any  other  section.  The  map  shows  however 
that  with  the  exception  of  the  western  portion  of  the  state,  where 
the  settlements  were  much  later,  these  schools  were  fairly 
abundant  in  all  parts  of  Ohio. 

The  ambitious  boy  or  girl  had  before  him  the  incentive  to 
a  higher  education  than  the  common  schools  afforded  and  the 
possibility  of  attaining  it  without  going  to  any  great  distance. 
The  omnipresence  of  the  Ohio  man  later  in  our  country's  history 
may  be  in  no  small  part  accounted  for  by  the  omnipresence  of 
the  Ohio  academy  and  college. 

The  list  given  and  the  institutions  located  on  the  map  by  no 
means  give  all  schools  of  this  type  founded  before  1850.  Only 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.  97 

those  that  received  articles  of  incorporation  from  the  state  legis- 
lature are  here  shown. 

SECONDARY  INSTITUTIONS  IN  ORDER  OF  CHARTERING,  1803-1850 

1.  Erie   Literary   Society,   Burton 1803 

2.  Dayton  Academy    1808 

3.  Worthington    Academy 1808 

4.  Chillicothe    Academy    1808 

5.  New  Lisbon  Academy   1810 

6.  Steubenville   Academy    1811 

7.  Gallia  Academy,  Gallipolis   1811 

8.  Cincinnati    Lancaster   Seminary    1815 

9.  Montgomery  Academy  1816 

10.  Tallmadge  Academy    1816 

11.  Florence    Academy    1818 

12.  Cadiz    Academy    1819 

13.  Union  Academy,   Muskingum   County   1819 

14.  Lancaster    Academy    1820 

15.  Alma  Academy,   New  Athens 1822 

16.  Urbana    Academy 1822 

17.  Rutland   Academy    1822 

18.  Franklin  Academy,  Mansfield   1824 

19.  Norwalk  Academy  1824 

20.  Belmont  Academy,   St.   Clairsville 1824 

21.  Circleville   Academy ; 1824 

21|.  Academy  of    Perry   County , .1827 

22.  Nelson   Academy    1828 

23.  Hillsborough   Academy    1829 

24.  Elyria    High    School 1830 

25.  Woodward  High  School,  Cincinnati  1831 

26.  Columbus    Female    Academy 1831 

27.  Ashtabula  Institute  of  Science  and  Industry 1831 

28.  Delaware  Academy   1831 

29.  Kinsman    Academy    1832 

30.  Canton  Academy   1832 

31.  Farmington  Academy   1832 

32.  Ashtabula   Academy 1832 

33.  Huron   Institute    1832 

34.  Chillicothe  Female  Seminary  1833 

35.  Ravenna  Academy   1834 

36.  Union  Academy,  Wayne  County  1834 

37.  Vinton  Academy    1834 

38.  Springfield  High  School   1834 

39.  Female  Academy  of  Mt.  Vernon  1834 

40.  Stephen  Strong's  Manual  Labor  Seminary,  Meigs  County 1834 

Vol.  XX VI  I  — 7. 


98 


Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 


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Secondary  Institutions  Chartered  in  Ohio  from  1803  to  1850. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  16*50.  99 

41.  The  Richmond  Classical  Institute  1835 

42.  Kingsville  High  School  1835 

43.  Conneaut  Academy  1835 

44.  Windham  Academy  .....". 1835 

45.  Granville  Female  Seminary   1835 

46.  Fellenburgh  Institute,  Brunswick,  Medina  County   1835 

47.  Western  Female  Seminary,  Mansfield    1835 

48.  Wadsworth  Academy  1835 

49.  Academical  Institute  of  Richfield  1835 

50.  Hamilton  and  Rossville  Female  Academy  1835 

51.  Circleville  Female  Seminary    1835 

52.  Bishop's  Fraternal  Calvinistic   Seminary,  Athens   County....  1835 

53.  Universal   School  of  Massillon 1835 

54.  Putnam  Classical  Institute   1836 

55.  Seneca   County   Academy    1836 

56.  Madison  Liberal  Institute 1836 

57.  Wooster  Academy  1836 

58.  Shaw  Academy  1836 

59.  Academy  of  Sylvania  1836 

60.  Granville  Academy    1836 

61.  Sharon  Academy   1836 

62.  Medina    Academy    1836 

63.  Cleves  Independent   School    1836 

64.  Middlebury  High    School    1836 

65.  Warren  Academy  1837 

66.  Sheffield  Manual  Labor  Institute   1837 

67.  Neville  Institute,  Columbiana  County   1837 

68.  New    Hagerstown    Academy    1837 

69.  Berea   Seminary    1837 

70.  Philomathean  Literary  Institute,  Antrim   1837 

71.  Monroe   Seminary,  Monroe  County   1837 

72.  Troy  Academy 1837 

73.  New    Philadelphia   Academy    1837 

74.  Massillon  Academy 1837 

75.  Cleveland  Female   Seminary   1837 

76.  Akron    High    School 1838 

77.  Cambridge  Academy,  Guernsey  County    1838 

78.  Massillon  Female   Seminary 1838 

79.  Western   Reserve   Wesleyan    Seminary,    Streetsborough 1838 

80.  The  Edinburgh  Academy 1838 

81  Wayne    Academy    1838 

82.  Norwalk    Female    Seminary 1838 

83.  Chester  Academy,   Geauga  County 1838 

84.  Eaton   Academy    1838 

85  Sandusky   Academy    1838 

86.  Union  Academy,  Union  County 1838 


100  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

87.  Dover  Academy,  Tuscarawas  County 1838 

88.  Marion  Academy,  Marion  County 1838  • 

89.  Bigelow   High   School,   Xenia 1839 

90.  Martinsburg  Academy,  Knox  County 1839 

91.  Blendon  Young  Men's   Seminary 1839 

92.  Ashland  Academy,   Richland    County 1839 

93.  Western  Reserve  Teachers'  Seminary,  Kirtland 1839 

94.  Oxford  Female  Academy 1839 

95.  Asbury  Seminary,  Chagrin  Falls 1839 

96.  Worthington    Female    Seminary 1839 

97.  Universalist  Institute,   Ohio   City 1839 

98.  Parkman  Academy,  Geauga  County 1839 

99.  Barnesville  Male  Academy 1839 

100.  Brooklyn  Centre  Academy 1839 

101.  Auglaize    Seminary,   Wapakoneta 1839 

102.  Lithopolis   Academy    1839 

103.  Meigs  County  High  School  and  Teachers'  Institute 1839 

104.  Mt.   Pleasant  Boarding  School... , 1839 

105.  Cuyahoga    Falls    Institute 1839 

106.  Ravenna    Female    Seminary 1839 

107.  New  Hagerstown  Female  Seminary 1839 

108.  Bascom  Seminary  of  Waynesborough 1840 

109.  Greenfield    Institute     1840 

110.  Streetsborough  High  School 1840 

111     Willoughby   Female    Academy 1840 

112.  Protestant  Methodist  Academy  of  Brighton 1840 

113.  Edinburgh   Academy    1841 

114.  Burlington    Academy    1841 

115.  Athens    Female   Academy 1841 

116.  Canton  Male   Seminary 1841 

117.  Middletown  Academy  and  Library  Association 1841 

118.  Gustavus   Academy    ; 1841 

119.  Pine  Grove  Academy,   Porter 1842 

120.  Canaan   Union  Academy 1842 

121.  Tallmadge    Academical    Institute 1842 

122.  Bath    High    School 1842 

123.  New    Lisbon    Academy 1843 

124.  St.  Mary's  Female  Educational  Institute,   Cincinnati 1843 

125.  Maumee   City  Academy 1843 

126.  Lebanon    Academy    ' 7. 1843 

127.  Oakland  Female  Seminary  of  Hillsborough 1843 

128.  West  Lodi  Academy 1844 

129.  Franklin   Academy,   Portage   County 1844 

130.  Salem    Academy    1844 

131.  Lorain    Institute,    Olmstead 1844 

132.  Waynesville   Academy    1844 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.  101 

133.  Keene  Academy,  Coshocton  County 1844 

134.  Tallmadge   Academical    Institute,    Second    Incorporation 1845 

135.  Bedford    Seminary 1845 

136.  Cincinnati    Classical    Academy 1845 

137.  Columbus  Academical  and   Collegiate  Institute 1845 

138.  Aurora  Academical  Institute,  Portage  County 1845 

139.  Cooper    Female   Academy,    Dayton 1845 

140.  Akron   Institute    1845 

141.  Rocky   River    Seminary 1845 

142.  Findlay   Academical    Institute 1845 

143.  Vermilion    Institute,    Hayesville 1845 

144.  Cottage 'Hill    Academy,    Ellsworth... 1845 

145.  Normal  High  School,  Carroll  County 1845 

146.  London    Academy,    Mason    County 1845 

147.  West  Jefferson  Academical  Institute 1845 

148.  Baldwin    Institute,    Middleburg 1845 

149.  Loudonville   Academy    1846 

150.  Norwalk  Institute    1846 

151.  Liverpool    Seminary    1846 

152.  Mansfield    Academical    Institute 1847 

153.  Xenia    Academy     1848 

154.  Richland  Academic  Institute 1848 

155.  Felicity  Female  Seminary,  Clermont  County 1848 

156.  Oxford   Female  Institute    1849 

157.  Miller  Academy,   Washington 1849 

158.  Pomeroy    Academy     1849 

159.  Springfield    Female    Seminary 1849 

160.  Cadiz  High  School   1849 

161.  Mansfield  Female  Seminary 1849 

162.  Mt.    Pleasant   Academy ,1849 

163.  Elliot  Female   Seminary,   Iberia 1850 

164.  Vinton    High    School 1850 

165.  Defiance    Female    Seminary 1850 

166.  Western  Reserve  Eclectic  Institute,  Hiram 1850 

167.  Tiffin  Academy,   Seneca  County 1850 

168.  Xenia    Female   Academy 1850 

169.  Hartford  High  School 1850 

170.  Soeurs  de  Notre  Dame  Female  Educational  Institute,  Chilli- 

cothe 1850 

SCHOOL  COMPANIES  AND  ASSOCIATIONS 

1.  Union  School  Association,  Harpersfield  and  Madison 1818 

2.  Milford  Union  School  Society,  Clermont  County 1824 

3.  Jefferson    School    Association 1824 

4.  Literary  Society  of  St.  Joseph's.     (To  erect  academies) 1825 


102  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

5.     The  Mesopotamia  Central  School   Society 1826 

Q.     Goshen  School  Association,  Logan  County 1828 

7.  Trustees  of  the  Columbus  Presbytery.      (To   found  an  acad- 

emy)          1829 

8.  The  Education  Society  of   Painesville 1829 

9.  The  Brecksville  Academical  Association,   Cuyahoga  County. .     1831 

10.  St.    Mary's    Female   Literary   Society.      (To   promote    female 

education)     1832 

11.  The   German    Lutheran    Seminary    of    the    German    Lutheran 

Synod  of  Ohio  and  adjacent  states.     (To  promote  learn- 
ing,  morality,   religion) 1834 

12.  North  Union  School  Association  of  Carroll  County 1836 

13.  Rome   Academical    Company 1836 

14.  Springborough  School  Company,  Warren  County 1836 

15.  High   Falls   Primary   Institute,    Chagrin    Falls.      (The    educa- 

tion  of  youth) 1838 

16.  Newark  Association  for  the  Promotion  of  Education.     (To 

establish   a   High   School) 1838 

17.  The   Monroe   Academical   Association 1839 

18.  The  Harveysburg  High  School  Company,  Warren  County...  1839 

19.  Cincinnati  New  Jerusalem  Church  School  Association 1841 

20.  Berkshire  Education  Society,  Delaware  County 1841 

21.  Western     Reserve     Freewill     Baptist     Academical      Society 

(Blacks  and  Mulattoes  not  to  be  received  on  an  equality 

with    white    persons) 1843 

22.  Sylvania  High  School  Company,  Lucas  County 1844 

23.  Madison  Education  Society,  Lake  County 1846 

There  were  also  incorporated  during  the  same  period  twenty- 
three  school  or  education  societies,  whose  purpose  was  to  found 
academies  or  other  schools,  or  in  some  way  offer  better  educa- 
tional facilities  to  the  communities  interested. 

The  denominational  influence  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
great  in  founding  these  secondary  schools.}  Some  twenty-one 
of  the  schools  and  societies  are  more  or  less  denominational  in 
control  or  in  sympathy,  as  indicated  by  the  act  of  incorporation 
or  the  name.  In  six  cases  the  Conference  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  either  appointed  the  trustees  or  had  some  part 
in  the  appointment  of  them.  The  other  schools  and  societies 
that  show  denominational  influence  are  scattered  among  the 
Presbyterian,  Baptist,  Catholic,  German  Lutheran,  and  Quaker 
sects.  It  is  true  that  prior  to  1836  there  were  eighty-four  church 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       103 

incorporations  in  which  the  churches  were  given  a  right  to  main- 
tain a  school  by  the  articles  of  incorporation.  The  usual  form 
in  which  this  was  done  was  by  limiting  the  use  of  funds  to  the 
support  of  a  church  "and  to  any  institution  of  charity  or  educa- 
tion connected  therewith."  In  i8368  a  general  law  was  passed 
which  gave  any  religious  society  incorporating  after  that  date 
the  right  to  apply  property  not  exceeding  an  annual  value  of  one 
thousand  dollars  to  the  support  of  public  worship  and  such  in- 
stitutions of  learning  and  charity  as  might  be  connected  with 
such  society.  How  far  the  rights  thus  extended  were  used  by 
the  churches  to  found  schools  of  secondary  grade,  the  laws  them- 
selves give  no  hint.  Only  a  careful  search  of  church  records 
could  do  this.  It  is  probable,  however,  that  a  secondary  school 
of  any  importance  would  have  followed  the  custom  of  the  time 
and  sought  independent  incorporation.  The  financial  limitations 
both  in  special  and  in  general  acts  would  have  prevented  an  ex- 
tensive educational  institution. 

The  comparatively  small  denominational  influence  exerted 
on  secondary  schools  was  not  due  to  any  lack  of  religious  or 
sectarian  interest.  Numerous  sects  and  varied  religious  beliefs9 
were  common,  but  this  very  multiplicity  was  a  source  of  religious 
toleration  and  in  the  founding  of  schools  for  the  children  of  the 
community  a  common  interest  was  found,  in  support  of  which 
the  adherents  of  creeds  that  were  not  too  divergent  often 
united..) 

There  are  frequent  indications  in  the  articles  of  incorpora- 
tion of  an  effort  to  keep  the  schools  free  from  any  cause  of  re- 
ligious controversy.  Sections  appear  prohibiting  the  introduc- 
tion or  teaching  of  any  religious  tenets  peculiar  to  any  Christian 
sect.3  Sometimes  there  is  recognition  of  the  fact  that  there  are 
other  possible  causes  of  dissension,  as  when  a  clause  appears  pro- 
viding that  "No  political,  religious,  moral  or  literary  association 
shall  have  an  ascendancy  in  the  directory."11 

The  curriculum  was  not  usually  specified  in  the  articles  of 

3O.  L.,  XXXIV,  17. 

a  Chaddock,  page  313. 

10  O.  L.,  XIII,  132;  O.  L.,  XX,  11;  O.  L.,  XX,  27;  O.  L.,  XXII,  14. 

11 0.  L.,  XIII,  132. 


104  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

incorporation,  but  was  frequently  hinted  at  in  the  right  given 
to  the  trustees  to  determine  what  branches  of  the  "arts  and 
sciences"  should  be  taught,  or  sometimes  the  phrase  ran  "learned 
languages,  arts  and  sciences",  or  branches  of  a  "polite  and  liberal 
education".} 

The  manual  labor  influence  first  appeared  in  1834  with  the 
incorporation  of  Stephen  Strong's  Manual  Labor  Seminary.12 
The  Ashtabula  Institute  of  Science  and  Industry  had  been 
founded  as  early  as  183 1,13  but  in  1835"  the  name  was  changed 
to  the  Grand  River  Institute  and  there  is  nothing  but  the  earlier 
name  to  indicate  anything  other  than  the  ordinary  secondary 
institution.  The  name  of  Pestalozzi's  one  time  associate,  Fellen- 
berg,  was  doubtless  in  the  minds  of  the  incorporators  of  the 
Fellenburgh  Institute  in  Medina  County  in  :835,15  though  no 
mention  is  made  of  manual  labor  in  the  articles  of  incorpora- 
tion. There  are  only  three  other  secondary  institutions  whose 
articles  of  incorporation  make  any  mention  of  this  phase  of  edu- 
ciation.16  One  of  these,  Bishop's  Fraternal  Calvinistic  (sic) 
Seminary,  chartered  in  1835,  specifies  that  there  shall  be  manual 
labor  for  both  males  and  females.17 

The  only  control  the  state  exercised  toward  these  institu- 
tions was  in  limiting  the  amount  of  property  they  might  hold, 
the  amount  of  the  annual  income,  or  the  amount  of  stock  that 
might  be  issued.  It  was  also  common  to  find  an  express  stipula- 
tion forbidding  an  incorporated  company  of  this  character  from 
engaging  in  the  banking  business  or  issuing  any  medium  of  ex- 
change. \  The  legislature,  too,  commonly  reserved  the  right  to 
alter  the  articles  of  incorporation  at  any  time,  and  in  i83918  a 
general  act  was  passed  to  regulate  incorporated  literary  societies, 
which  included  all  associations  for  literary  purposes  except  com- 
mon schools,  colleges  and  universities.  The  first  general  pro- 

12  O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  5. 

13  O.  L.,  XXIX,  local,  137. 
"O.  L,  XXXIII,  local,  79. 

15  O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  112. 

16  The  Sheffield  Manual  Labor  Institute,    Bishop's  Fraternal  Calvin- 
istic  (sic)   Seminary  and  the  Huron  Institute. 

17  O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  328. 

18  O.  L,  XXXVII,  49. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       105 

vision  of  this  kind  was  enacted  as  early  as  1817,  in  a  rather 
cumbersome  act  "to  provide  for  the  incorporation  of  schools 
and  library  companies."19  By  the  terms  of  this  law  the  associa- 
tion that  wished  to  incorporate  submitted  the  articles  they  had 
prepared  to  the  "President  of  the  court  of  common  pleas,"  in 
the  circuit  in  which  the  association  was  to  be  established.  If 
the  "president"  approved,  he  indorsed  the  same  and  submitted 
them  to  the  inspection  of  two  judges  of  the  supreme  court.  They 
were  then  examined  by  these  judges  and  if  found  comformable 
to  the  provisions  of  the  law,  were  approved  and  indorsed,  and 
deposited  with  the  recorder  of  the  county  in  which  the  association 
was  located. 

This  procedure  established  the  association  as  a  body  politic 
and  corporate  under  the  laws  of  the  state.  It  seems  to  have  been 
from  the  first  a  dead  letter,  although  not  formally  repealed. 

It  was  the  first  general  law  of  the  Ohio  legislature  that  had 
primary  reference  to  education,  or  educational  institutions,,  and  is 
of  interest  for  this  reason.  By  the  provisions  of  this  act  the 
capital  stock  and  property  of  academies  could  not  exceed  forty 
thousand  dollars,  unless  extended  in  the  act  of  incorporation. 
The  act  also  stated  that  no  part  of  the  funds  of  such  an  institu- 
tion should  ever  be  used  for  banking,  nor  should  certificates  of 
deposit  or  drafts,  which  in  any  manner  could  be  used  as  a  cir- 
culating medium,  be  issued.  From  this  time  on,  too,  the  di- 
rectors or  trustees  were  held  individually  liable  for  all  debts  of 
the  association.  There  was  no  thought  of  state  supervision  or 
control  of  these  institutions  until  i838,20  and  then  only  to  see 
that  funds  given  were  being  used  for  the  purpose  for  which  they 
were  donated:)  The  law  at  that  time  directed  the  State  Superin- 
tendent to  collect  information  concerning  all  funds  and  property 
given  in  any  way  for  education,  except  in  the  case  of  chartered 
colleges,  and  allowed  him  to  direct  procedure  against  the  in- 
corporation by  the  local  prosecuting  attorney  in  case  any  mis- 
application of  funds  appeared. 


19  O.  L.,  XV,  107. 

20  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  21. 


106  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

HIGHER  EDUCATION 
Universities,  Colleges,  and  Theological  Institutions 

A  large  number  of  institutions  of  higher  learning  were  in- 
corporated during  this  period  of  Ohio's  history,  the  total  num- 
ber of  such  incorporations  before  1850  being  forty-five.  Among 
these  are  a  number  which  are  still  in  existence,  including  some 
of  the  best  known  institutions  in  the  state.  In  the  period  from 
1803  to  1810  the  Ohio  University,  1804,  originally  established  in 
1802;  Cincinnati  University,  1807,  and  Miami  University,  1809, 
were  founded.  Between  1821  and  1830  Kenyon  College,  1824; 
Western  Reserve  University,  1826;  Lane  Seminary,  1829,  were 
incorporated;  followed  in  the  period  from  1831  to  1840  by  Den- 
ison  University,  1832;  Marietta  College,  1832;  Oberlin  College, 
1834,  and  Muskingum  College,  1837;  while  in  the  last  ten  years 
from  1841  to  1850  Wesleyan  University,  1842;  Wittenberg  Col- 
lege, 1845;  Otterbein  University,  1849;  Capital  University,  1850; 
Urbana  University,  1850,  and  Hiram  College,  1850,  appeared. 

A  number  of  these  institutions  were  not  incorporated  under 
the  names  which  they  now  bear.  Ohio  University  was  originally 
incorporated  during  the  territorial  period  as  the  American  West- 
ern University.21  Kenyon  College  first  appeared  as  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,22  Western 
Reserve  University  as  Western  Reserve  College,23  Denison  Uni- 
versity as  the  Granville  Literary  and  Theological  Institution,24 
Marietta  College  as  the  Marietta  Collegiate  Institute  and  West- 
ern Teachers'  Seminary,25  Oberlin  College  as  the  Oberlin  Col- 
legiate Institute,26  and  Hiram  College  as  the  Western  Reserve 
Eclectic  Institute.27  In  a  few  cases  academies  or  other  secondary 
schools  were  later  given  the  right  to  confer  collegiate  degrees,28 
while  in  some  instances  institutions  incorporated  as  colleges  or 

21  Nashee's  Compilation,  page  220. 

22  O.  L,  XXIII,  local,  12. 

23  O.  L.,  XXIV,  local,  93. 

24  O.  L.,  XXX,  local,  88. 

25  O.  L..  XXXI,  local,  18. 

29  O.  L.,  XXXII,  local,  226. 

27  O.  L.,  XLVIII,  local,  627. 

28  O.  L.,  XLVI,  local,  7 ;  XXXVII,  local,  308 ;  XLIV,  local,  65. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  t°  2^5O.       107 


universities  were  doubtless,  in  fact,  secondary  in  character,  and 
in  other  cases  were  never  actually  founded,  the  act  oi  incorpora- 
tion representing  only  the  purpose  and  ideals  of  the  ^corporators. 

State  Influence  on  Higher  Education. 

The  attitude  of  the  state  towards  higher  education  as  towards 
secondary  education  was  marked  by  a  willingness  to  legalize  by 
incorporation  the  educational  aspirations  of  any  group  of  peo- 
ple, while  taking  on  itself  a  minimum  amount  of  responsibility 
for  the  resulting  institution  either  through  support  or  control. 

Three  townships  had  been  set  aside  for  the  support  of 
higher  institutions  of  learning,  two  in  the  Ohio  Company's  Pur- 
chase29 and  one  in  the  John  Cleve  Symmes'  Purchase.30  The 
Ohio  University  at  Athens  and  the  Miami  University  at  Oxford 
grew  out  of  these  two  grants.  These  two  institutions  were  under 
limited  state  control.  The  General  Assembly  appointed  their 
trustees,  determined  by  legal  enactment  the  manner  in  which 
their  lands  were  to  be  disposed  of,  and  in  the  acts  of  incorpora- 
tion laid  down  certain  regulations,  but  in  no  real  sense  did  the 
state  in  this  period  assume  any  responsibility  for  them. 

Ohio  University. 

December  18,  I79931  the  territorial  legislature,  by  resolution, 
requested  Rufus  Putnam  with  two  associates,  to  lay  off  in  the 
College  Townships  (townships  8  and  9  in  Washington  County) 
a  town  plat  with  a  square  for  the  colleges  and  lots  for  the  presi- 
dent and  professors,  "bordering  on  or  encircled  by  spacious  com- 
mons." The  following  year  the  report  of  "said  Putnam"  was 
accepted,  and  the  town  of  Athens  established,32  and  on  January 
9,  :8o233  the  University  was  incorporated  under  the  name  of  the 
American  Western  University,  with  Rufus  Putnam  and  Return 
Jonathan  Meigs,  afterward  Governor  of  Ohio  and  Postmaster 


29  Nashee's   Compilation,   page  154. 

30  O.  L,  III.  Enabling  Act,  01). 
"Nashee's  Compilation,  page  219. 
32  Ibid,  page  220. 

*  Ibid,  page  220. 


108  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

General  of  the  United  States,  as  members  of  the  first  Board  of 
Trustees. 

In  1803  Ohio  was  admitted  as  a  state,  and  at  the  second 
session  of  the  legislature,  February  iSth,  i8o4,34  a  second  act 
of  incorporation  was  passed,  in  which  the  name  was  changed 
to  "Ohio  University."  A  Board  of  twelve  trustees,  exclusive 
of  the  Governor  of  the  state  and  the  president  of  the  University, 
ex  ofificio  members,  was  appointed,  and  power  given  to  them  to 
appoint  teachers  and  officers.  Vacancies  in  the  Board  could  be 
filled  temporarily  by  the  Board  itself  until  appointments  by  the 
legislature  at  its  next  session. 

The  faculty  were  directed  to  report  to  the  corporation  "from 
time  to  time"  and  to  hold  public  examinations  of  the  students 
of  each  class  quarterly.  Two  townships  were  set  aside  "for 
the  sole  use,  benefit  and  support  of  the  state  university  forever," 
and  directions  given  for  laying  off,  appraising  and  leasing  the 
lands.  This  latter  provision  directed  that  the  land  should  be 
leased  on  ninety  year  liens,  renewable  forever  with  an  annual 
rental  of  6  per  cent,  revaluation  at  35  and  60  years,  and  another 
revaluation  at  the  end  of  the  ninety  year  period.  All  the  land 
in  the  two  townships,  together  with  the  buildings  was  exempted 
from  all  state  taxes. 

These  included  all  the  points  in  which  the  state  exercised 
any  control.  It  appointed  the  trustees,  it  directed  the  faculty 
to  report  "from  time  to  time"  to  the  trustees,  it  directed  that 
quarterly  examinations  of  the  students  should  be  held,  and  it 
specified  how  the  land  granted  for  the  use  of  the  University  was 
to  be  leased. 

The  next  year35  the  legislature  changed  the  form  of  the 
lease  to  ninety-nine  year  leases,  renewable  forever,  omitting 
the  clause  calling  for  a  revaluation,  and  forbade  the  leasing  of 
any  land  at  less  than  one  dollar  and  seventy-five  cents  per  acre, 
but  in  i8o736  the  trustees  were  authorized  to  lease  the  land  that 
had  been  appraised  at  less  than  one  dollar  and  seventy-five  cents 
at  its  appraised  value. 


34  O.  L.,  II,  193 

35  O.  L.,  Ill,  79. 
"O.  L.,  V,  85. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       109 

The  legislation  of  the  next  ten  years  is  concerned  only  with 
different  phases  of  leasing  of  the  land  and  the  appointment  of 
trustees,  but  in  iSi?,37  an  act  was  passed  authorizing  a  lottery 
to  raise  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars  "to  defray  the  ex- 
pense of  completing  the  college  edifice  lately  erected  at  Athens, 
and  to  purchase  a  library  and  suitable  mathematical  and  philo- 
sophical apparatus  for  the  use  of  Ohio  University."  February 
i,  i825,38  an  appropriation  ot  one  thousand  dollars  was  made  for 
the  purpose  of  paying  debts  and  purchasing  philosophical  ap- 
paratus. In  i826,39  during  the  same  period  in  which  the  sale  of 
school  lands  was  begun,  the  trustees  were  authorized  to  sell  the 
remaining  lands  in  the  college  townships  which  were  not  en- 
cumbered by  leases,  and  to  convey  title  in  fee  simple  to  lessees 
who  paid  a  sum  which  would  yield  at  six  per  cent,  a  revenue 
equal  to  the  yearly  rental.  The  money  received  from  such  sales 
was  to  be  deposited  with  the  state  treasurer,  and  the  state  pledged 
itself  to  pay  six  per  cent  on  the  sums  so  deposited  and  reserved 
the  right  to  repay  the  money  at  any  time.40 

In  i83641  and  again  in  i83742  the  legislature  passed  resolu- 
tions demanding  reports  from  the  University,  particularly  as  to 
the  expenditures  and  receipts,  and  in  the  second  resolution  ask- 
ing for  the  number  of  professors  engaged,  the  branches  of  litera- 
ture and  science  taught  by  each,  and  a  list  of  the  number  of 
students  of  each  year  from  1826  to  1837.  In  1838"  the  com- 
missioners of  the  Canal  Fund  were  authorized  to  loan  five  thou- 
sand dollars  to  the  University  to  be  paid  back  in  annual  install- 
ments of  one  thousand  dollars  each,  with  interest  at  six  per 
cent,  and  in  i84744  the  president  and  trustees  were  authorized 
to  fund  the  debts  of  the  University  in  an  amount  not  to  exceed 


37  O.  L.,  XVI,  37. 
*O.  L.,  XXIII,  19. 

38  O.  L.,  XXIV,  52. 

40  The  amount  received  from  these  sales  was  comparatively  small. 
The  State  Auditor's  report  from  1838  to  1848  shows  a  credit  of  $1,897.39 
to  Ohio  University  from  this  source. 

41 0.  L..  XXXVI,  local,  643. 

42  O.  L.,  XXXV.  local,  543. 

43  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  205. 

44  O.  L.,  XLV,  local,  176. 


110  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

ten  thousand  dollars,  and  the  debt  so  funded  was  exempt  from 
taxation. 

In  i84345  the  legislature  passed  an  act  declaring  that  it  was 
the  true  intent  of  the  law  passed  in  1805,  authorizing  ninety- 
nine  year  leases,  that  the  land  should  never  be  revalued.  This 
meant  a  great  annual  loss  to  the  University,  as  the  lands  were 
originally  appraised  and  leased  at  a  low  valuation  and  rental, 
and  by  this  act  the  rental  could  never  be  increased.  This  was 
done  in  spite  of  a  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which  had  de- 
cided the  land  subject  to  reappraisal,  and  the  act  was  passed  to 
nullify  that  decision.46 

These  chief  points  in  the  legislation  concerning  Ohio  Uni- 
/  versity  in  the  period  from  1803  to  1850  show  how  little  there 
was  of  either  state  aid  or  state  direction.  One  appropriation  of 
one  thousand  dollars,  authority  to  raise  twenty  thousand  dollars 
by  means  of  a  lottery,  a  loan  of  five  thousand  dollars,  and  the 
privilege  of  funding  a  debt  of  ten  thousand  dollars  without  taxa- 
tion, and  the  exemption  of  the  lands  in  the  college  townships 
from  state  taxation,  comprise  all  the  assistance  of  a  financial 
nature  given  by  the  state. 

The  appointment  of  trustees,  the  requirement  of  a  report 
asked  for  twice,  and  certain  general  requirements  specified  in 
the  charter  include  all  of  the  control  or  guidance  on  the  educa- 
tional side.  It  is  evident  that  the  institution  was  not  regarded 
in  any  true  sense  a  state  university,  if  by  that  term  is  meant  an 
institution  supported  by  the  state  and  governed  by  policies  of 
state  initiation.  If  further  evidence  were  needed,  it  is  found  in 
a  memorial  addressed  to  Congress  by  the  legislature  in  i829,47 
asking  Congress  to  grant  two  townships  of  land  for  the  support 
of  colleges  and  universities.  The  memorial  states  that  Ohio 
"has  no  adequate  means  of  creating  and  fostering  scientific  in- 
stitutions without  resorting  to  the  odious  measure  of  direct  taxa- 
tion." "Possessing  no  national  domains  and  having  amongst  its 
citizens  few  or  none  whose  love  of  literature  would  prompt  at 


45  O.  L.,  XLI,  local,  144. 

40  Blackmar,  F.  W.    The  History  of  State  and  Federal  Aid  to  Higher 
Ed.  in  the  U.   S.  page  217. 

"  O.  L.,  XXVII,  local,  174. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.      Ill 

the  same  time  their  wealth  would  make  them  able,  to  endow  pub- 
lic seminaries  of  learning  .  .  .  the  interests  of  science  must 
be  neglected  and  languish,  unless  aid  can  be  obtained  in  the  mode 
now  proposed." 

"Ohio  has  received  no  grant  of  this  character,  unless  the 
land  included  in  the  Ohio  Company's  Purchase  and  Symmes' 
Purchase  should  be  so  considered,  but  neither  the  state  nor  the 
inhabitants  of  those  districts  have  ever  thus  regarded  them." 
They  were  intended  to  be  for  the  special  benefit  of  the  inhabitants 
of  those  districts,  and  the  location  of  the  Seminaries  was  con- 
fined  to  them. 

Miami  University. 

The  legislation  concerning  Miami  University  is  of  the  same 
general  type.  The  college  township  was  located  in  i8o348  and 
the  university  incorporated  in  1809. 49  By  the  act  of  incorpora- 
tion all  benefits  and  advantages  were  to  be  open  to  all  citizens 
of  the  state.  A  Board  of  twelve  trustees  was  appointed  and  the 
faculty  was  directed  to  hold  at  least  once  in  every  year,  a  public 
examination  of  the  students  in  each  class.  Succeeding  legisla- 
tion was  concerned  only  with  the  appointment  of  trustees,  the 
leasing  of  college  lands,  and  the  collecting  of  rents,  with  the 
exception  of  an  act  in  i8i4,50  which  required  the  trustees  to 
make  an  accurate  statement  of  all  proceedings  "both  as  respect? 
the  disposal  of  land,  as  well  as  the  state  of  the  funds  arising 
from  the  proceeds,"  to  the  legislature.  There  seems  to  have 
been  no  financial  aid  of  any  kind  extended  to  Miami  University 
prior  to  1850,  and  as  in  the  case  of  Ohio  University,  no  control 
or  initiation  of  educational  policies.  The  state  for  the  first  time 
shows  an  awakening  responsibility  in  i84951  by  the  appointment 
of  a  committee  of  three  "to  examine  into  and  report  to  the  next 
General  Assembly  the  condition  of  the  Miami  University  and 
the  cause  of  its  decline,  with  such  recommendations  as  they  may 
deem  proper  to  make." 

48  O.  L.,  I,  66. 

49  O.  L.,  VTI,  184. 
60  O.  L.,  XII,  83. 

81 0.  L.,  XLVII,  local,  39. 


112  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

Other  Institutions. 

A  grant  of  five  hundred  dollars  each  was  made  to  two  other 
institutions  by  the  legislature  by  an  act  passed  in  i836.52  The 
two  institutions  receiving  this  aid  were  Ripley  College  in  Brown 
County  and  Franklin  College  in  Harrison  County.  The  act  of 
incorporation  for  Ripley  College53  specified  that  vacancies  in  the 
Board  of  Trustees  were  to  be  filled  by  the  General  Assembly. 
Aside  from  this,  these  two  institutions  seem  in  no  way  to  differ 
from  others  founded  during  the  same  period.  The  appropriation 
made  was  evidently  incidental  and  due  to  local  influence,  and 
did  not  indicate  any  general  policy  of  state  aid.  It  is  also  an 
indication  that  the  state  regarded  other  institutions  in  about  the 
same  way  that  it  regarded  Ohio  and  Miami  Universities. 

In  i82S54  the  legislature  warmly  seconded  the  efforts  of 
Philander  Chase,  the  President  of  Kenyon  College,  in  his  at- 
tempt to  obtain  a  grant  of  lands  from  Congress  for  the  support 
of  that  institution,  and  requested  its  senators  and  representatives 
to  use  their  efforts  in  Congress  to  support  such  legislation.  These 
instances  include  all  of  the  state's  activities  in  the  interests  of 
higher  education. 

In  the  case  of  other  institutions  chartered,  the  state  ex- 
ercised no  control,  except  that  it  became  customary  after  1830 
to  specify  in  the  incorporating  act  that  the  right  to  amend  or 
alter  the  charter  was  reserved  by  the  legislature.  There  also  ap- 
peared frequent  limitations  as  to  the  amount  of  real  property 
that  might  be  held,  or  the  annual  income  that  might  be  derived 
from  it. 

Denominational  Influences. 

It  is  impossible  to  say  from  a  study  .of  the  acts  of  incorpora- 
tion how  far  denominational  influence  was  instrumental  in  the 
founding  of  the  large  number  of  colleges  and  universities  that 
appeared  during  this  period.  It  was  certainly  much  more  in- 
fluential than  in  the  case  of  secondary  institutions.  Twenty-one 


B2O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  610. 
53  O.  L.,  XXVIII.  local,  88. 
"O.  L.,  XXVr,  local,  176. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  16*50.       113 

of  the  forty-five  schools  show  evidence  of  denominational  in- 
fluence either  in  the  act  itself  or  in  the  name  given,  while  a  few 
of  them  had  from  the  first  the  preparation  of  ministers  for  a 
particular  sect  in  mind.  It  is  quite  probable  that  others  were 
under  denominational  influence  where  nothing  in  the  charter  or 
name  indicates  it. 

Agricultural  Schools. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  as  early  as  i84655  a  Farmers* 
College  was  incorporated  in  Hamilton  County,  whose  purpose 
was  declared  to  be  "to  direct  and  cultivate  the  minds  of  the 
students  in  a  thorough  and  scientific  course  of  studies  par- 
ticularly -adapted  to  agricultural  pursuits."  This  institution  was 
the  result  of  private  initiative  and  was  founded  by  a  stock  com- 
pany. 

Summary. 

The  period  was  one  of  activity  and  interest  in  higher  educa- 
tion with  a  determined  effort  to  afford  the  advantages  of  college 
and  university  training  to  the  young  people  of  the  state  without 
the  necessity  of  going  beyond  the  state  border  for  it.  The  state's 
attitude  was  shown  in  its  willingness  to  assist  through  legalizing 
such  efforts  by  acts  of  incorporation,  but  with  no  conception  of 
any  adequate  responsibility  in  the  matter,  even  for  those  institu- 
tions which  might  naturally  have  been  considered  state  founda- 
tions. 

Medical  Education 

During  the  first  eight  years  of  the  state's  history  there  was 
no  legislation  that  bore  in  any  way  upon  medical  practice  or 
indicated  any  state  requirements  for  entering  the  profession. 
In  iSii56  an  act  was  passed  to  regulate  the  practice  of  Physic 
and  Surgery.  The  state  was  divided  into  five  medical  districts 
each  having  three  medical  censors  or  examiners,  and  it  was  made 
obligatory  upon  any  one  who  wished  to  practice  medicine  as  a 
means  of  livelihood  to  obtain  a  license  from  one  of  these  boards 


55  O.  L.,  XLIV,  local,  165. 
r'60.  L.,  IX,  19. 
Vol.  XXVII  — 8. 


114  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

of  examiners.  The  qualifications  for  a  license  included  satis- 
factory evidence  that  the  candidate  was  of  good  moral  character, 
and  that  he  had  attended  three  full  years  to  the  theory  and  prac- 
tice of  medicine  under  the  guidance  of  some  able  physician  or 
surgeon,  or  that  he  had  a  license  from  some  medical  society 
showing  that  he  had  been  admitted  as  a  practitioner.  He  was 
also  required  to  give  satisfactory  answers  to  such  questions  as 
might  be  put  to  him  by  the  examiners  in  "Anatomy,  Materia 
Medica,  Chymistry,  and  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Physic." 

In  i8i257  a  medical  society  was  incorporated,  the  state  di- 
vided into  seven  medical  districts,  and  the  society  given  power 
to  appoint  examining  committees  to  examine  and  license  candi- 
dates and  also  to  grant  honorary  degrees  to  such  of  the  faculty 
as  they  might  find  of  distinguished  merit.  Practicing  without 
a  license  from  some  medical  society  or  college  of  physicians  was 
forbidden,  and  a  penalty  from  five  to  one  hundred  dollars  was 
imposed  for  each  offense. 

In  i8i758  the  candidate  was  required,  in  addition  to  the  ex- 
amination, to  deliver  a  thesis  upon  some  medical  subject,  and 
in  :8i859  those  who  had  received  the  degree  of 'Doctor  of  Medi- 
cine in  any  university  or  other  medical  institution  within  the 
United  States  were  exempted  from  the  necessity  of  being  ex- 
amined for  a  license. 

In  iSip60  the  first  medical  school  was  incorporated,  in  Cin- 
cinnati, under  the  name  of  The  Medical  College  of  Ohio.  The 
preamble  recites  that  the  students  of  medicine  in  Ohio  are  so 
distant  from  any  well  regulated  college  as  to  labor  under  serious 
disadvantages  in  the  prosecution  of  their  studies.  The  purpose 
of  the  college  was  to  give  instruction  in  Physic  and  Surgery,  and 
the  auxiliary  sciences.  There  were  four  incorporators,  and  the 
act  of  incorporation  evidently  followed  the  desires  of  those  re- 
sponsible for  the  institution.  Six  professorships  were  created 
and  the  subjects  of  instruction  of  each  indicated.  The  state  very 
early  assumed  a  certain  amount  of  control  of  this  institution. 


57  O.  L.,  X,  58. 

08  O.  L.,  XV,  195. 

89  O.  L.,  XVI,   105. 

60  O.  L.,  XVII,  27. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       115 

At  first  indirectly,  through  authorizing61  The  State  Medical  Con- 
vention to  appoint  two  delegates  annually  to  attend  the  com- 
mencement of  the  medical  college,  take  part  in  the  examination, 
vote  on  the  candidates  and  sign  diplomas  on  behalf  of  the  Con- 
vention. This  Medical  Convention  consisted  of  delegates  from 
the  various  medical  districts  in  the  state,  and  was  given  at  the 
same  time  (:82i)62  the  exclusive  right  to  grant  licenses  for 
practice.  It  was  allowed  to'select  each  year  two  indigent  medical 
students  and  recommend  them  to  the  Medical  College,  whose 
duty  it  was  to  give  them  instruction  gratuitously. 

In  i82263  on  recommendation  of  the  Medical  Convention, 
a  board  of  thirteen  trustees  of  the  College  was  appointed  by  the 
General  Assembly,  and  they  were  given  general  control  of  the 
institution,  and  it  was  provided  that  from  this  time  the  trustees 
were  to  be  so  appointed. 

In  i82564  the  legislature  directed  that  the  moneys  raised 
by  auction  fees  in  Hamilton  County  should  be  appropriated  for 
four  years  to  the  use  of  the  Medical  College,  unless  otherwise 
directed  by  the  General  Assembly.65  This  was  extended  to  five 
years  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  legislature,  and  in  i83i66  one- 
fourth  of  the  money  from  the  same  source  was  appropriated  for 
five  years,  not,  however,  to  exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars  for 
the  period.  In  i83867  there  were  fifteen  hundred  dollars  appro- 
priated outright  from  the  state  treasury  to  be  applied  to  liquidate 
any  unsatisfied  claims  against  the  school. 

There  were  no  other  provisions  for  financial  aid,  but  in 
i83368  the  medical  examiners  were  allowed  to  appoint  one  in- 
digent student  from  each  medical  district  for  free  instruction, 
and  on  the  same  date  the  Governor  was  requested  to  appoint  a 
committee  of  five  to  investigate  the  organization,  government, 
and  condition  of  the  Medical  College,  and  to  report  to  the  Gen- 


61 0.  L..  XIX,  28. 

83  O.  L.,  XIX,  28. 

«3O.  L,  XXI,  4. 

"O.  L.,  XXIII,  19. 

65  O.  L.,  XXIV,  4. 

68  O.  L.,  XXIX,  66. 

67  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  37. 

reO.  L.,  XXXI,  local,  269. 


116  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

eral  Assembly,  suggesting  "the  proper  means  of  advancing  the 
prosperity  and  utility  of  the  state  medical  college  as  an  institu- 
tion of  the  state,  and  of  medical  science  therein." 

For  the  first  thirty-five  years  there  was  no  medical  institu- 
tion incorporated  in  any  of  the  other  cities  of  the  state.  Two 
other  institutions  were  chartered  in  Cincinnati  in  i828,69  The 
Western  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  whose  trustees  had  power  to 
appoint  "surgeons,  advising  physicians,  lecturers,  and  teachers," 
and  the  Cincinnati  Medical  Academy,70  designed  to  give  a  sys- 
tematic course  preparatory  to  admission  to  a  medical  college. 

From  1839  to  1850  eight  other  institutions  were  chartered 
in  the  state  for  various  types  of  medical  instruction.  There  were 
also  incorporated  nine  local  and  county  medical  societies,  evi- 
dently associations  of  physicians  organized  for  the  advancement 
of  medical  science.  The  State  Medical  Society  was  incorporated 
in  1848™  with  power  to  organize  auxiliary  societies.  The  state 
took  no  part  in  the  control  or  support  of  the  later  institutions  in- 
corporated. 

Legal  Education 

There  is  almost  no  legislation  bearing  on  legal  education 
prior  to  1850.  In  iSig72  a  law  was  passed  that  no  person  should 
be  licensed  to  practice  as  an  attorney  unless  he  had  studied  law 
attentively  for  the  period  for  two  years  previous  to  his  applica- 
tion for  a  license.  In  i84673  appeared  the  first  indication  of  any 
definite  legal  instruction  in  an  act  authorizing  any  male  citizen 
of  the  state  of  good  moral  character  to  take  the  oath  of  office 
and  receive  a  license  to  practice  on  producing  to  two  judges  of 
the  Supreme  Court  a  certificate  from  the  law  department  of  the 
Cincinnati  College. 


WO.  L.,  XXVI,  local,  128. 
70O.  L.,  XXVI,  local,  54. 
71 0.  L.,  XLVI,  local,  31. 
72  O.  L.,  XVII,  92. 
78  0.  L.,  XLV,  local,  157. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  I$50.  117 

COLLEGES  AND  UNIVERSITIES  CHARTERED  IN  OHIO:  1803—1850. 

1.  Ohio  University    1802 

2.  Miami  University   (Locating  Coll.  Tps.) 1803 

Miami    University    (Charter) 1809 

3.  Cincinnati   University    1809 

4.  Worthington    College    1819 

5.  Kenyon   College    1824 

6.  (College    of    Alma 1825 

( Franklin  College    ( Name  changed) 1826 

7.  Western    Reserve    College 1826 

8.  Lane  Seminary   1829 

9.  College   of   Ripley 1830 

10.  The  Trustees  of  the  Granville  Religious  and  Literary  Society  1832 

11.  Marietta   Collegiate    Institute   and   Western    Teacher's   Sem- 

inary      1832 

12.  O'berlin   Collegiate   Institute 1834 

13.  Willoughby  University  of  Lake  Erie 1834 

14.  German   Reform   Synod   of   Ohio 1836 

15.  St.  Clairsville  Collegiate  Seminary 1837 

16.  Muskingum  College  • 1837 

17.  Baptist  Literary  and  Collegiate  Institute  of  Huron  County..  1837 

18.  Wesleyan    Collegiate    Institute 1837 

19.  Logan  College  1838 

20.  Theological    Seminary   of  the  Associated  Reform    Synod  of 

the   West 1838 

21.  Central  College  of  Ohio 1842 

22.  St.  Xavier   College 1842 

23.  Ohio    Wesleyan    University 1842 

24.  Lafayette  University  1842 

25.  Germania   College    1843 

26.  Providence  College   1843 

27.  Beverly   College    1843 

28.  j  Methodist  Female  Collegiate  Institute 1843 

| Wesleyan  Female  College.     (Name  changed) 1846 

29.  Bellefontaine    Ohio    College 1843 

30.  English    Lutheran    Theological    and    Collegiate    Institute    of 
Wooster  - 1844 

31.  Ft.   Meigs  University 1845 

32.  Protestant  University  of  the  United  States 1845 

33.  Wittenberg    College    1845 

34.  The  Farmers'  College  1846 

35.  Marietta    Female    College 1847 

36.  (Muhlenberg  College 1848 

jjudson  College.     (Name  changed) 1849 

37.  Medina   College    1848 


118  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hut.  Society  Publications. 

38.  Newton  College   1848 

39.  Edinburg    College    1848 

40.  Mt.    Washington    College 1849 

41.  Otterbein    University    1849 

42.  Capital  University   1850 

43.  Cambridge   College    1850 

44.  Geneva   Hall    1850 

45.  Urbana  University 1850 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       119 


Colleges,    Universities    and    Theological    Seminaries    Chartered    in    Ohio 

from  1803  to  1850. 


CHAPTER  V 

THE   EDUCATION    OF   DEFECTIVES,    DEPENDENTS,    AND   DELINQUENTS 

The  institutions  for  the  education  of  the  deaf  and  dumb 
and  the  blind  were  definitely  recognized  as  a  state  responsibility 
and  ample  and  intelligent  provision  was  made  by  the  state  for 
children  of  this  class.  This  conception  of  the  state's  responsi- 
bility was  not  recognized  at  once,  however,  but  was  a  matter  of 
gradual  growth.  The  Deaf  and  Dumb  School  preceded  the 
School  for  the  Blind  by  ten  years,  and  in  the  legislation  that 
centers  about  it  the  gradual  development  of  the  idea  of  state 
responsibility  for  financial  support  can  be  seen. 

THE  EDUCATION  OF  DEFECTIVES 
Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb. 

In  an  act  passed  in  I8221  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  was 
authorized  to  appoint  guardians  for  deaf  and  dumb  persons, 
and  the  power  of  the  guardians  was  expressly  extended  to  the 
protection,  education,  and  maintenance  of  their  wards.  In  case 
the  guardian  or  parent  was  unable  to  teach  such  children  to 
read  and  write,  the  law  permitted  the  county  commissioners,  on 
application,  to  appropriate  money  from  the  county  treasury  for 
such  instruction.  The  law  was  wholly  permissive  in  character 
and  simply  legalized  appropriations  for  the  instruction  of  deaf 
and  dumb  children,  in  cases  in  which  the  county  commissioners 
saw  fit  to  grant  aid.  By  the  same  law  the  township  officers  were 
required  to  report  to  the  county  auditors  the  number  of  deaf  and 
dumb  persons  in  the  township,  and  the  auditors  were  directed  to 
report  the  results  to  the  state  auditor. 

This  was  followed  at  the  next  session  in  iS>222  by  an  act 
the  sole  purpose  of  which  was  to  ascertain  the  number  of  deaf 


1O.  L.,  XX,  49. 
2O.  L..  XXI.  5. 

(120) 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       121 

and  dumb  persons  in  the  state.  Five  years  later,  in  i827,3  an 
act  was  passed  to  incorporate  the  "Trustees  of  the  Ohio  Asylum 
for  Educating  the  Deaf  and  Dumb."  Eight  trustees  were  named 
in  the  act  of  incorporation,  and  they  were  authorized  to  receive 
gifts  and  bequests  for  the  purpose  of  educating  the  deaf  and 
dumb,  and  were  directed  to  report  to  the  next  General  Assembly 
as  to  the  location  of  the  schools,  the  kind  of  buildings  needed, 
with  an  estimate  of  expense  for  buildings  and  instruction,  and 
a  plan  for  its  organization  and  government.  The  funds  of  the 
institution  were  to  be  under  the  management  of  the  trustees  sub- 
ject to  the  regulation  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  reports  were 
required  annually  as  to  the  expenses,  number  of  students,  num^ 
ber  taught  at  state  expense  and  the  number  who  paid  tuition, 
together  with  general  information  as  to  the  status  of  the  school. 

The  trustees  were  allo\ved  to  draw  on  the  treasury  of  the 
state  for  the  support  of  one  indigent  student  from  each  judicial 
circuit  an  amount  not  to  exceed  one  hundred  dollars  for  any 
student,  and  no  student  was  to  receive  such  aid  longer  than  three 
years.  The  Governor  was  ex  officio  president  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  and  it  was  specifically  stated  that  the  incorporated  body 
was  under  the  control  and  direction  of  the  General  Assembly. 

The  idea  of  the  legislature  seems  to  have  been  to  organize 
an  institution  under  state  management  and  control,  but  financed 
by  private  donations  with  the  state  giving  a  minimum  amount 
to  the  support  of  indigent  students.  The  following  year,  1828, 
the  first  appropriation  of  state  money  was  made,  amouting  to 
$376.76.*  In  i8295  the  trustees  were  authorized  to  open  the 
asylum  in  rented  houses  until  suitable  buildings  were  erected, 
and  an  additional  appropriation  of  one  thousand  dollars  was 
made.  The  same  year  it  was  decided  to  permanently  locate  the 
institution  in  Columbus,6  and  the  trustees  were  authorized  to 
receive  any  donations  of  land  or  to  purchase  a  site.  In  the 
meanwhile  Congress  had  been  urged7  to  appropriate  a  township 


3O.  L...  XXV,  87. 

4O.  L.,  XXVI,  4. 

50.  L.,  XXVTT.  63. 

8O.  L.,  XXVII,  local,   171. 

7  O.  L.,  XXV,  local,  113 ;  O.  L.,  XXVI,  local,  178. 


122  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

of  land,  or  an  amount  equivalent  to  that,  located  in  smaller 
tracts,  to  aid  in  the  education  of  the  deaf  and  dumb.  The  grant 
was  not  made  and  in  i83O8  another  appropriation  of  one  thou- 
sand dollars  was  made,  and  the  trustees  were  again  authorized 
to  receive  one  indigent  student  from  each  judicial  circuit  at  state 
expense,  but  the  amount  to  be  expended  was  reduced  from  one 
hundred  dollars  to  seventy-five  dollars  for  each  student.9  The 
next  year  the  number  of  students  receiving  state  aid  was  in- 
creased to  two  from  each  circuit,10  a  total  of  eighteen,  and  an 
appropriation  of  sixteen  hundred  dollars11  was  made  for  ex- 
penses. This  was  followed  in  1832  by  an  act  appropriating  one- 
fourth  of  the  money  arising  from  sales  at  auction  in  Hamilton 
County12  and  by  another  fifteen  hundred  dollar  appropriation 
from  the  treasury.13 

The  state  had  not  reached  a  point  where  it  was  ready  to 
assume  the  burden  of  the  school  and  it  again  applied  to'  Con- 
gress in  the  same  year14  for  assistance  through  a  land  grant. 
In  this  memorial  it  was  estimated  that  a  proper  housing  and 
equipment  would  cost  from  fifteen  thousand  to  twenty  thousand 
dollars,  with  a  total  annual  expenditure  of  nearly  ten  thousand 
dollars.  It  was  pointed  out  that  Ohio  in  common  with  many 
other  states  did  not  possess  land  of  her  own  which  might  be 
appropriated,  and  that  the  only  resource,  unless  Congress  came 
to  the  state's  aid,  was  by  drawing  from  revenue  derived  by  di- 
rect taxation  for  other  purposes.  The  memorial  declares  that 
every  one  will  admit  that  this  measure  is  impolitic  and  ought 
to  be  avoided,  and  that  it  may  be  deemed  quite  sufficient  to  pro- 
vide in  this  way  for  indigent  students.15 

80.  L.,  XXVIII,  30. 

"There  were  9  judicial  circuits.  The  expense  involved  amounted  to 
$675. 

10  O.  L.,  XXIX,  427. 

11 0.  L.,  XXIX,  local,  246. 

"O.  L.,  XXX,  20. 

18  O.  L.,  XXX,  local,  319. 

14  O.  L.,  XXX,  local,  336. 

"This1  memorial  states  that  Ohio  had  established  such  a  school, 
that  it  had  been  in  operation  two  years,  and  had  three  teachers  and 
nearly  thirty  pupils,  with  a  prospect  that  the  number  of  pupils  would 
be  doubled  as  soon  as  accommodations  were  furnished. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       123 

From  this  time  on  appropriations  of  fifteen  hundred  to 
three  thousand  dollars  were  common  until  i84616  when  a  sys- 
tematic budget  was  evidently  adopted  and  regular  appropriations 
made  to  meet  it.  The  appropriation  for  expenses  in  this  year 
amounted  to  nine  thousand  dollars  with  an  added  four  thousand 
dollars  for  building  needs.  Provision  was  made  in  1838"  by 
a  two  thousand  dollar  appropriation  for  the  erection  of  work- 
shops and  the  introduction  of  mechanical  employment  as  a  part 
of  the  work  of  the  institution.18 

Education  of  the  Blind. 

With  the  exception  of  two  special  acts  to  assist  individuals, 
one  afterward  repealed,  the  state  took  no  steps  looking  toward 
the  education  of  the  blind  until  i835-19  I*1  tms  Year  t^e  Gov- 
ernor was  requested  to  direct  the  county  auditors  to  make  a 
complete  report  on  the  number  of  blind  persons  in  the  state,20 
and  in  the  following  year21  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
study  the  question  of  the  education  of  the  blind  in  letters  and 
mechanical  arts,  and  report  to  the  General  Assembly  the  re- 
sults of  their  findings  with  an  estimate  of  the  probable  ex- 
pense of  establishing  a  public  school  for  that  purpose. 

This  committee  made  a  careful  study  of  the  subject.  They 
quote  largely  in  their  report22  from  the  address  of  Dr.  S.  G. 
Howe,  Director  of  the  New  England  Institution  for  the  Blind, 
which  he  had  made  to  the  trustees  of  that  institution.  In  this 
address  of  Dr.  Howe's  there  is  given  a  synopsis  of  the  develop- 
ment of  the  education  of  the  blind  in  the  different  European 


16  O.  L.,  XLI V,  130. 

17  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  92. 

"The  legislature  voted  a  grant  of  one  hundred  dollars  annually 
in  1828  for  two  years  to  the  trustees  of  a  private  school  for  educating 
deaf  and  dumb  persons,  located  in  Tallmadge  Township,  and  bearing 
the  name  of  the  Tallmadge  School  for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb.  This  is  the  only  hint  that  appears  in  the  legislation  of  a  pri- 
vate institution  of  this  kind.  O.  L.,  XXVI,  local,  169. 

19  O.  L.,  IX,  68 ;  O.  L,  X,  68 ;  O.  L.,  XVII,  7. 

80  O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  453. 

21 0.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  648. 

"Ohio  Documents,  36th  G.  A.  Report  No.  10. 


124  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

nations  and  some  description  of  the  beginnings  of  such  work 
in  the  New  York  and  New  England  Institutions. 

In  addition  to  the  information  so  gained  the  committee  ad- 
dressed a  list  of  specific  questions  to  the  directors  of  the  New 
York,  New  England  and  Pennsylvania  institutions  for  the  blind 
asking  for  definite  information  about  expense,  number  of  teach- 
ers needed,  textbooks  available,  types  of  industry  suitable  to  be 
taught  in  a  school  of  this  kind  and  other  questions  of  a  similar 
nature.  Provision  was  also  made  for  Dr.  Howe  to  visit  Colum- 
bus during  the  session  of  the  legislature  to  "deliver  lectures  and 
exhibit  one  or  two  of  the  pupils  in  such  a  manner  as  to  prove 
their  attainments." 

The  committee  estimated  the  number  of  blind  in  the  state 
as  500,  basing  the  estimate  on  the  U.  S.  census  and  the  reports 
made  by  the  county  auditors.  Of  this  number  there  were  60 
under  sixteen  years  of  age,  whose  names  and  residences  were 
known. 

The  report  closes  with  the  following  recommendation  :23 
"In  order  to  commence  a  school  it  will  be  necessary  to  rent  a 
suitable  house,  and  furnish  the  books  and  apparatus  for  a  class, 
and  procure  one  teacher  who  is  qualified  to  give  instruction,  and 
provide  for  the  support  of  those  children  who  are  indigent.  For 
this  purpose  it  is  supposed  that,  if  the  Legislature  shall  determine 
in  favor  of  the  measure,  an  appropriation  of  $1,500  will  be  neces- 
sary. —  And  if  it  shall  be  deemed  expedient  to  purchase  a  site 
on  which  permanent  buildings  may  hereafter  be  erected,  a  further 
sum  of  $1,000  may  be  needed.  It  is  desirable  also,  that  as  early 
as  practicable,  musical  instruments  may  be  procured,  and  the 
necessary  arrangements  may  be  made,  for  teaching  music,  not 
only  as  a  solace  and  a  pleasure  to  the  blind  in  their  disconsolate 
condition  as  strangers  to  sight;  but  as  a  means  of  contributing 
to  their  own  support  in  the  school,  and  afterward  also.  And 
it  is  especially  desirable,  and  indeed  highly  important,  that  a 
superintendent  of  work,  together  with  implements  and  materials 
for  some  profitable  manufactures,  should  be  furnished;  and  thus 
every  pupil,  when  discharged,  may  be  able  to  make  his  own  liv- 
ing." 

23  Ibid.     Page  23. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       125 

"In  conclusion  the  Trustees  *  *  *  beg  leave,  most 
respectfully  and  most  earnestly,  to  recommend  to  the  General 
Assembly  the  immediate  establishment  of  an  Institution  for  the 
instruction  of  the  Blind." 

On  the  Fourth  of  July,  in  1837,  the  first  "school  was  opened 
with  prayer,  in  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  presence  of  the 
Teachers  and  scholars  of  the  Sunday  Schools  connected  with 
the  different  denominations  in  Columbus,  who,  to  the  number  of 
900,  had  assembled  to  celebrate  the  sixty-first  anniversary  of 
Independence.  On  this  day  the  Teacher  and  five  pupils  were 
present.  This  number  was  increased  to  nine,  at  the  middle  of 
September,  and  still  further  to  eleven  in  the  month  of  Novem- 
ber."24 

The  experience  of  the  legislature  with  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 
School  had  prepared  it  to  accept  the  responsibility  for  the  school 
for  the  blind  in  a  larger  way,  and  in  i83725  trustees  were  ap- 
pointed, and  a  sum  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars  was  authorized 
for  buildings  and  ten  thousand  dollars  appropriated  for  the  pur- 
pose of  building  materials  and  to  pay  the  expense  of  beginning 
the  school  at  once.  In  i83826  fifteen  thousand  dollars  was  ap- 
propriated to  complete  the  building,  and  the  trustees  were  au- 
thorized to  receive  twelve  students  at  state  expense.  A  tuition 
and  maintenance  fee  not  to  exceed  one  hundred  and  twenty  dol- 
lars annually  was  fixed  for  other  students.  The  trustees  were 
authorized  to  procure  all  necessary  material  and  implements  for 
the  purpose  of  instruction  in  useful  arts  and  trades. 

In  i84327  the  limitation  as  to  the  number  of  students  re- 
ceived at  state  expense  was  removed,  and  it  was  left  to  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  trustees.  The  regulations  on  this  subject  appear 
to  have  been  administered  leniently,  both  in  the  case  of  the  school 
for  the  blind  and  that  for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  as  frequent  resolu- 
tions appear  allowing  exceptions  in  special  cases. 

In  i84528  tne  legislature  made  another  appeal  to  Congress 


24  Ibid.     Page  4. 

25  O.  L.,  XXXV,  116. 
36  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  49. 

27  O.  L.,  XLI,  57. 

28  O.  L,  XLIII,  local,  344. 


126  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

for  a  land  grant  to  assist  in  the  education  of  the  blind  and  the 
deaf  and  dumb,  asking  that  such  a  grant  be  made  in  all  the  states 
where  it  had  not  been  done,  but  the  grant  was  not  made,  and 
the  state  was  forced  to  assume  full  responsibility  for  both  insti- 
tutions. 

THE  EDUCATION  OF  DEPENDENTS 

The  first  appropriation  authorized  from  the  state  treasury 
of  Ohio  for  educational  purposes  of  any  kind  is  found  in  the 
case  of  an  Indian  orphan  girl,  whose  mother  had  been  shot  by 
a  citizen  without  provocation.  In  i82O29  three  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars  was  voted  to  pay  for  her  support  and  education  for  seven 
years.  This  was  repealed  the  following  year,30  but  in  i82331 
twenty-five  dollars  annually  was  definitely  appropriated  for  that 
purpose  until  she  should  reach  the  age  of  twelve  years.  This 
is  the  only  time  the  state  made  any  financial  provision  for  the 
education  of  dependent  children  prior  to  1850.  In  i8o632  in  an 
act  concerning  apprentices  and  servants  it  was  directed  that  in 
all  indentures  for  binding  or  putting  out  a  child  as  servant  or 
apprentice  there  should  be  a  clause  that  every  master  or  mistress 
should  at  least  cause  such  child  "to  be  taught  and  instructed  to 
read  and  write."  In  i82433  this  was  extended  to  embrace  as 
much  arithmetic  as  would  include  the  single  rule  of  three,  and 
the  further  provision  that  at  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  serv- 
ice each  minor  child  was  to  receive  a  new  Bible  and  two  suits 
of  wearing  apparel. 

This  embraces  all  the  state  provisions  on  the  subject  from 
1803  to  1850,  and  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  two  laws  last 
cited  are  the  only  laws  passed  during  the  period  that  in  any  way 
touch  upon  compulsory  education,  and  these  carry  no  penalties 
for  failure  to  obey. 


29  O.  L.,  XXI,  39. 

30  O.  L.,  XVIII,  66. 

31  O.  L.,  IV,  72. 

32  O.  L.,  XIX,   144. 

33  O.  L.,  XXII,  381. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       127 

Orphan  Asylums  and  Schools  for  Poor  Children. 

Orphan  Asylums  were  incorporated  in  Cincinnati  in  i833,34 
Cleveland  in  i837,35  Columbus  in  i838,36  and  Dayton  in  i844.37 
These  four  institutions  were  all  incorporated  by  women,  and 
were  to  be  under  the  management  of  women,  as  indicated  in  the 
acts  of  incorporation.  A  second  asylum  was  incorporated  by  a 
Catholic  society  in  Cincinnati  in  i84338  and  in  i84539  an  asylum 
for  colored  children  was  incorporated  in  the  same  city.  The 
Stark  County  Orphans'  Institute  appeared  in  i837,40  but  its 
charter  was  revoked  three  years  later  because  it  had  embarked 
in  the  banking  business.'41  There  were  also  three  endowed 
schools  incorporated  for  the  benefit  of  poor  children,  one  in  Cin- 
cinnati in  i82742,  one  in  Zanesville  in  i83443,  and  one  in  Kendall 
in  i826.44  Their  purpose,  however,  was  to  afford  instruction 
free  to  children  whose  parents  were  unable  to  pay  for  it,  not 
primarily  to  care  for  the  wholly  dependent.  These  three  schools 
were  the  Woodward  Free  Grammar  School,  the  MTntire  Poor 
School  and  the  Charity  School  of  Kendall. 

THE  EDUCATION  OF  DELINQUENTS 
Education  of  Delinquents. 

No  state  provision  was  made  for  the  education  of  delinquents 
prior  to  1850,  and  but  little  was  done  through  private  or  municipal 
effort.  In  i84345  an  act  was  passed  for  the  regulation  of  county 
jails,  which  directed  that  each  prisoner  should  be  supplied  with 
a  Bible,  and  that  the  sheriff  should,  keep  a  record  of  the  means 


34  O.  L.,  XXXI,  local,  52. 

35  O.  L.,  XXXV,  local,  513. 
34  O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  185. 

37  O.  L.,  XLII,  local,  172. 

38  O.  L.,  XLI,  local,  112. 

39  O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  101. 

40  O.  L.,   XXXV,  local,  201. 

41  O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  local,  87. 

42  O.  L.,  XXV,  62. 

43  O.  L.,  XXXIV,  514. 

44  O.  L.,  XXIV,  36. 
48  O.  L.,  XLI,  74. 


128  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

furnished  for  literary,  moral  and  religious  instruction.  In  1845*® 
the  directors  of  the  penitentiary  were  authorized  to  employ  some 
suitable  person  as  a  religious  and  moral  instructor,  and  in  the 
same  year  the  City  of  Cincinnati  was  authorized  to  erect  a  house 
of  correction.47 

This  is  all  the  legislation  that  in  any  way  touches  upon  the 
education  of  delinquents  during  this  entire  period. 


46  O.  L,  XLIII,  local,  446. 

*7O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  393;  O.  L.,  XLV,  local,  112. 


CHAPTER  VI 

TRAINING  OF  TEACHERS 

In  the  preparation  of  teachers  as  in  other  phases  of  educa- 
tional activity,  Ohio  depended  upon  the  sentiment  and  effort  of 
individuals  and  communities,  and  did  nothing  through  state  aid 
or  direction  other  than  to  legalize  through  incorporation  the  con- 
certed efforts  of  groups  of  teachers  or  of  institutions.  As  a 
result  of  the  educational  awakening  that  accompanied  the  passage 
of  the  general  school  law  of  1838,  and  the  appointment  of  a  State 
Superintendent,  some  attention  was  given  by  the  Legislature  to 
the  state's  responsibility,  and  the  State  Superintendent  was  asked 
in  the  same  year1  to  report  to  the  next  General  Assembly  "first, 
upon  the  expediency  of  establishing  a  state  university  or  uni- 
versities for  the  education  of  teachers  and  other  students;  sec- 
ond, if  he  shall  deem  it  expedient  to  establish  such  university  or 
universities  then  upon  the  subject  of  the  proper  system  there- 
for, and  the  proper  location  thereof ;  third,  also  upon  the  proper 
mode  of  supporting  same,  the  probable  expense  thereof  to  the 
state,  and  such  other  views  and  information  in  relation  to  the 
subject  generally  as  he  may  deem  it  proper  to  communicate." 

Mr.  Lewis  in  his  report  strongly  urged  the  necessity  for 
the  need  of  schools  to  train  those  expecting  to  teach,2  but  no 
action  was  taken  by  the  General  Assembly  to  found  such  an  in- 
stitution. 

It  was  through  the  activity  of  voluntary  associations  of 
teachers  and  friends  of  education  that  the  first  efforts  were  made 
to  raise  the  standard  of  the  teaching  profession.  As  early  as 
i82c/  such  an  association  had  been  meeting  regularly  in  Cin- 
cinnati for  the  discussion  of  educational  problems,  and  at  a  gen- 
eral convention  to  which  friends  of  education  throughout  the 
Mississippi  Valley  were  invited  an  association  was  formed,  called 


1 0.  L.,  XXXVI,  418. 

2  Ohio  Documents,  37th  G.  A.,  Part  2,  Doc.  72. 
Taylor,  page  333. 
Vol.  XXVII  — 9.  (129) 


130  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

"The  Western  College  of  Teachers."  As  one  result  of  this  asso- 
ciation the  first  educational  journal  in  the  Northwest,  "The 
Academic  Pioneer"  was  established  and  continued  for  some  ten 
years. 

The  original  association  was  incorporated  by  legislative 
action  February  13,  1832*  under  the  name  of  the  Western 
Academic  Institute  and  Board  of  Education,  and  its  purpose  was 
declared  to  be  the  promotion  of  "harmony,  cooperation  and  effi- 
ciency in  the  diffusion  of  elementary  knowledge,  and  discussing 
such  subjects  as  may  be  considered  conducive  to  the  advantage 
of  education  generally."  This  association  was  intended  to  ex- 
ercise an  influence  through  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and  of  its  four 
Vice  Presidents,  one  was  from  Harrodsburg,  Kentucky,  and  an- 
other from  Rising  Sun,  Iowa. 

Three  years  later,  through  the  leadership  of  many  of  the 
same  men,  an  act  was  passed  to  incorporate5  "The  Teachers'  In- 
stitute." The  preamble  and  first  section  are  of  interest  and  show 
an  advanced  educational  sentiment  on  the  part  of  the  incorpo- 
rators  and  a  definite  attempt  to  meet  the  needs  for  better  trained 
teachers,  and  illustrate  the  general  legislative  willingness  to 
legalize  educational  effort  through  incorporation.  "Whereas  it 
has  been  reported  to  the  General  Assembly  that  a  literary  insti- 
tution devoted  to  the  instruction  of  professional  teachers  is  much 
wanted  within  this  state,  and  would  be  of  much  public  utility. 
Therefore,  be  it  enacted,  etc.,  that  there  shall  be  established  and 
instituted  in  the  name  hereinafter  directed,  a  college  for  the 
instruction  of  candidates  for  professional  school  teachers,  and 
for  the  purpose  of  qualifying  such  teachers  in  the  best  manner 
to  instruct  and  govern  schools,  and  other  seminaries  of  learning, 
and  to  advance  the  intellectual  and  moral  cultivation  of  youth." 

Among  the  incorporators  were  many  warm  friends  of  the 
public  schools.  The  names  of  Lyman  Beecher,  John  P.  Foote, 
Nathan  Guilford  —  through  whose  efforts  the  school  law  of  1825 
took  final  form  —  Robert  Picket,  David  L.  Talbott,  and  others 
appear.  The  school  for  teachers  that  these  men  had  in  mind 
did  not  materialize,  but  there  were  continued  until  1845  regular 


*O.  L.,  XXX,  local,  232. 
60.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  117. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       131 

conventions  of  teachers  and  friends  of  education,  and  their  dis- 
cussions and  influence  were  instrumental  in  awakening  educa- 
tional sentiment  throughout  the  state.6 

In  i8327  the  Marietta  Collegiate  Institute  and  Western 
Teachers'  Seminary,  which  three  years  later  became  Marietta 
College,  was  incorporated.  The  original  purpose  was  declared 
to  be  "the  instruction  of  youth  in  the  various  branches  of  useful 
knowledge,  and  especially  the  education  of  teachers  for  common 
schools." 

Other  incorporations  were  the  Wayne  County  Ohio  Teach- 
ers' Association  in  1833. 8  the  Teachers'  Institute  at  Fairmound,9 
the  Meigs  County  High  School  and  Teachers'  Institute,10  and 
the  American  Lyceum  of  Education  in  Cincinnati.11 

This  last  institution  planned  to  establish  a  common  school 
"for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  a  model  school,  and  one  in  which 
experiments  might  be  made  as  to  the  best  modes  and  means  of 
instruction,  with  a  view  to  advancing  the  interests  of  common 
school  education  throughout  the  state." 

In  i84712  the  state  passed  a  permissive  act  allowing  teachers 
in  eleven  counties  of  the  state  to  incorporate  teachers'  institutes. 
Ten  of  these  counties  were  located  in  the  Western  Reserve.  This 
act  allowed  the  county  commissioners  in  the  counties  named  to 
use  a  portion  of  the  money  derived  from  the  surplus  revenue 
fund  for  the  support  of  these  institutes  so  organized  under  the 
law.  The  counties  had  been  held  responsible  by  the  act  distribut- 
ing the  surplus  revenue,13  for  the  payment  of  five  percent  an- 
nually for  the  use  of  common  schools.  Any  amount  derived  over 
this,  the  counties  had  been  allowed  to  devote  to  the  support  of 
common  schools,  the  promotion  of  internal  improvements,  or 
the  building  of  academies.  They  were  now  allowed  in  the  eleven 
counties  named  to  include  teachers'  institutes  among  the  objects 


"Taylor,  page  334. 

70.  L.,  XXXI,  local,  18. 

•O.  L.,  XXXI,  local,  193. 

»O.  L,  XXXV,  417. 

MO.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  257. 

11 0.  L.,  XXXVIII,  local,  192. 

U0.  L.,  XLV,  67. 

W0.  L.,  XXXVI,  79. 


132  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

to  which  aid  from  this  extra  fund  might  be  extended.  The 
money  was  to  be  used  under  the  direction  of  the  school  examiners 
of  the  county  in  the  employment  of  instructors  and  lecturers,  and 
in  the  purchase  of  a  common  school  library  for  the  use  of  the 
association. 

This  act  was  made  general  for  the  state  in  1848,^  by  the 
same  act  that  permitted  counties  to  provide  for  county  superin- 
tendents if  they  wished  to  do  so.  The  following  year,  i849,15 
the  county  commissioners  were  allowed  to  appropriate  from 
other  sources  whatever  sum  was  needed  to  bring  the  total  annual 
amount  for  this  purpose  up  to  one  hundred  dollars,  but  before 
doing  so  the  teachers  petitioning  for  such  an  institute  were  re- 
quired to  present  evidence  to  the  commissioners  that  they  had 
already  raised  one-half  of  the  total  amount  needed  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  institute,  and  the  petition  had  to  have  the  signature 
of  forty  regular  teachers  within  the  county,  and  also  of  the  county 
Board  of  Examiners. 

The  Farmington  Normal  School  in  Trumbull  County  on  the 
Western  Reserve  was  incorporated  in  i84916  through  the  efforts 
of  the  citizens  of  Farmington,  who  gave  a  site  and  raised  by 
voluntary  subscription  $2,575.00  for  its  support.  A  stock  com- 
pany was  formed  with  shares  selling  at  twenty-five  dollars  each. 
"One  great  object"  of  the  school  was  declared  to  be  "a  thorough 
education  of  common  or  elementary  school  teachers,  of  both 
sexes,  and  to  secure  a  course  of  intellectual  and  moral  discipline 
for  the  youth  of  the  country." 

Nothing  else  appears  in  the  legislation  of  the  state  prior  to 
1850  that  has  any  reference  to  the  training  of  teachers.  Governor 
Hartley  in  his  message  of  December  3,  1844"  said  "The  subject 
of  normal  schools  or  seminaries  for  the  education  of  teachers  is 
attracting  much  attention  in  several  of  the  states  of  the  Union, 
and  in  other  countries,  and  by  the  pre-eminent  advantages  af- 
forded by  this  means  for  advancing  the  cause  of  education,  it 
commends  itself  to  your  favorable  consideration.  Departments 


14  O.  L.,  XLVI,  83. 

15  O.  L.,  XLVII,  19. 

MO.  L.,  XLVII,  local,  261. 
"Quoted  by  Taylor,  page  180. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       133 

for  the  education  of  professional  teachers  in  the  Ohio  and  Miami 
Universities  could  be  established  under  the  authority  of  the 
state,  and  by  a  part  of  the  means  derived  from  the  large  endow- 
ments which  these  institutions  have  received  from  the  govern- 
ment."18 


18  The  plan  proposed  by  Governor  Bartley  was  the  one  finally  fol- 
lowed by  the  state  fifty-seven  years  later  in  establishing  normal  depart- 
ments in  these  two  schools. 


CHAPTER  VII 

SUPPLEMENTARY   EDUCATIONAL  AGENCIES 

Libraries 

The  first  recognition  of  libraries  in  the  laws  of  the  state  is 
found  in  the  charter  of  the  Dayton  Library  Society,  February 
21,  1805. 1  There  is  plenty  of  evidence,  however,  that  the  early 
settlers  established  libraries  before  this,  but  had  not  sought  the 
legal  sanction  of  a  state  charter.  Venable2  says  that  the  first 
library  in  the  territory  northwest  of  the  Ohio  was  at  Belpre, 
near  Marietta.  This  was  organized  in  1796,  and  was  first  known 
as  the  Putnam  Family  Library,  later  as  the  Belpre,  or  Belpre 
Farmers'  Library.  This  library  was  owned  by  a  joint  stock  com- 
pany, the  common  method  of  procedure  in  the  formation  of  later 
libraries  and  library  companies. 

Another  of  these  early  ventures,  much  better  known  than 
the  preceding,  was  the  so-called  'Coon-skin  Library.  This  was 
located  at  Ames,  Washington  County,  also  near  Marietta.  The 
reason  for  the  name  popularly  given  to  it,  and  the  circumstances 
of  its  beginning  are  thus  told  by  one  of  the  founders,  "At  a  pub- 
lic meeting  of  the  inhabitants  of  Ames,  called  to  devise  means 
to  improve  our  roads,  and  to  consult  about  making  one  to  con- 
nect the  settlement  at  Sunday  creek  with  that  on  Federal  creek, 
held  in  the  autumn  of  1802,  the  intellectual  wants  of  the  neighbor- 
hood became  the  subject  of  the  conversation.  It  was  suggested 
that  a  library  would  supply  what  was  needed,  but  the  settlers 
had  no  money,  and  with  few  exceptions  were  in  debt  for  their 
lands.  Mr.  Josiah  True,  of  Sunday  creek  settlement,  proposed 
to  obtain  the  means  by  catching  'coons,  and  sending  their  skins 
to  Boston  by  Samuel  Brown,  Esq.,  who  expected  to  go  east  in 


1 0.  L.,  Ill,  228. 
135. 


*  U.  L,.,  Ill,  XVX. 

2  Venable.    Beginnings  of  Literary  Culture  in  the  Ohio  Valley,  page 

(134) 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       135 

a  wagon  the  next  summer.  Esquire  Brown  was  present  and  as- 
sented to  this  proposition.  Our  young  men  were  active  hunters ; 
the  'coon  skins  and  other  furs  were  furnished  and  sent  to  market, 
and  the  books  were  bought.  The  Rev.  Thaddeus  Harris  and  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Manasseh  Cutler  selected  for  us  about  fifty  volumes  of 
choice  books,  and  to  these  additions  were  made  from  time  to 
time.  As  the  settlement  increased  and  children  grew  up,  readers 
were  multiplied,  and  all  could  have  access  to  the  library."3 

These  early  attempts  to  furnish  opportunity  for  community 
study  and  improvement,  were  followed  by  an  increasing  number 
of  similar  organizations  during  the  first  four  decades  of  the 
nineteenth  century. 

Atwater  writing  in  1838*  said  that  most  of  the  towns  in 
Ohio  had  reading  rooms  where  a  traveller  could  read  all  the  prin- 
cipal newspapers  and  periodicals,  and  that  libraries  were  increas- 
ing in  number  as  well  as  size.  The  record  of  incorporations  in 
the  session  laws  bears  witness  to  the  probable  truth  of  his  state- 
ment. One  hundred  and  ninety-two  library  societies  had  been 
incorporated  by  1850.  The  record  of  incorporation  in  the  pre- 
ceding decades  is  as  follows : 

1805-1810  6 

1811-1820  15 

1821-1830 45 

1831-1840  95 

1841-1850  31 

192 

The  State  Library  at  Columbus  received  regular  appropria- 
tions from  i8245  on.  In  i8466  district  school  libraries  were  au- 
thorized, but  their  support  was  left  wholly  to  the  initiative  of 
the  district.  The  law  authorized  the  district  to  raise  by  taxes  a 
sum  not  to  exceed  thirty  dollars  for  the  first  year,  and  not  more 
than  ten  dollars  for  each  succeeding  year.  The  decision  was  left 


'Life  and  Times  of  Ephraim  Cutler,  page  50. 
4  Atwater,  History  of  Ohio,  page  348. 
'O.  L.,  XXII,  36. 
•O.  L.,  XLIV,  81. 


136  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

to  a  meeting  of  the  taxpayers  of  the  district,  called  for  the  pur- 
pose of  voting  on  the  question. 

Lyceums,  Institutes,  Athenaeums,  and  Literary  Societies 

In  addition  to  the  library  societies,  there  were  frequent  in- 
corporations of  lyceums,  athenaeums,  institutes,  and  literary  so- 
cieties, the  total  number  of  such  incorporations  being  64.  These 
developed  rapidly  after  1830,  prior  to  that  time  only  three  in- 
stitutions of  this  type  being  incorporated.  The  record  of  their 
incorporation  is  as  follows : 

1805  to  1830 3 

1831  to  1840 40 

1841  to  J850 21 

64 

These  latter  institutions  seem  designed  to  afford  meeting 
places  for  their  members  for  discussion  and  opportunity  for  read- 
ing and  study.  The  use  of  their  funds  is  usually  limited  to  the 
purchase  of  books,  maps,  charts,  pamphlets  and  newspapers. 
Among  them  were  eight  Mechanics'  Institutes.  Seven  of  these 
incorporated  after  1831.  The  first  one  of  the  latter  was  the  Ohio 
Mechanics'  Institute  of  Cincinnati  in  18297  and  its  purpose  was 
declared  to  be  for  "advancing  the  best  interests  of  the  Mechanics, 
Manufacturers  and  Artizans  by  the  more  general  diffusion  of 
useful  knowledge  in  these  important  classes  in  the  community." 

College  Societies 

The  first  college  literary  society  incorporated  was  the 
Erodelphian  Society  of  Miami  University  in  i83i,8  followed  in 
the  same  year  by  the  Philomathesian  Society  of  Kenyon  College.9 

By  1850  twenty-three  college  and  university  societies  were 
thus  given  sanction.  Four  of  the  number  were  incorporated 
under  Greek  letter  names. 


TO.  L.,  XXVII,  local,  92. 

'  O.  L.,  XXIX,  74. 

•  O.  L,  XXIX,  local,  196. 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       187 

Miscellaneous 

In  addition  to  the  various  types  of  educational  endeavor 
represented  in  the  preceding  paragraphs  there  were  also  in- 
corporated the  following  institutions,  whose  names  indicate  a 
wide  range  of  literary  and  artistic  interest  supplementary  to  the 
regular  educational  agencies. 

The  Historical  Society  of  Ohio,  1822  ;10 

The  Cincinnati  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  1828  j11 

The  Lancaster  Harmonic  Society,  1830  ;12 

The  Historical  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Ohio,  1831  ;13 

The  Eclectic  Academy  of  Music  in  Cincinnati,  1835  ;14 

The  New  Paris  Musical  Institute,  1843  ;15 

The  Western  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  1836  ;16 

The  Cleveland  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  1840  ;1T 

The  Cincinnati  Astronomical  Society,  1844  ;18 

The  Ohio  Institute  of  Natural  Sciences,  1849  ;19 

The  Western  Art  Union,  1848  ;20 

The  Columbus  Art  Union,  i849.21 


10  O.  L,  XX,  local,  47. 
11 0.  L.,  XXVI,  local,  30. 
UO.  L.,  XXVIII,  local,  179. 

13  O.  L,  XXIX,  local,  122. 

14  O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  161. 

15  O.  L.,  XLI,  local,  174. 
"O.  L,  XXXIV,  local,  110. 

17  O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  local,  138. 

18  O.  L.,  XLII,  local,  122. 
"O.  L.,  XLVII,  local,  256. 
30  O.  L.,  XLVI,  local,  228. 
*  O.  L.,  XLVII,  local,  268. 


CHAPTER  VIII 

CONCLUSION 

The  two  essential  features  of  Ohio's  educational  policy  as 
illustrated  by  the  legislation  passed  from  1803  to  1850  are,  first, 
the  lack  of  any  efficient  central  control  of  local  educational 
activities,  and  second,  the  permissive  character  of  a  large  part 
of  the  legislation  passed,  and  the  lack  of  any  compulsory  features. 

The  large  amount  of  educational  legislation  enacted  shows 
that  there  was  no  lack  of  educational  interest  in  the  state,  either 
in  the  public  at  large  or*  in  the  people's  representatives  in  the 
General  Assembly.  There  was  a  wide-spread  belief  in  universal 
education  and  a  desire  for  it.  While  there  was,  as  elsewhere, 
much  opposition  to  taxation  and  to  the  idea  of  distributive  re- 
sponsibility for  free  schools,  the  general  educational  sentiment 
was  good.  The  laws  themselves  show  in  many  cases  excellent 
educational  possibilities.  The  weakness  of  the  legislation  was 
due  to  the  fact  that  the  theory  followed  seemed  to  be  that  the 
function  of  educational  legislation  was  to  establish  general  rules 
of  organization  and  control  in  accord  with  which  the  communi- 
ties might  regulate  their  own  educational  activities  and  have  legal 
sanction  for  them,  but  that  it  was  not  the  function  of  the  state 
to  develop  any  legal  machinery  that  would  definitely  bring  about 
educational  results. 

The  words  of  Samuel  Lewis  are  so  significant  in  this  con- 
nection that  they  are  quoted  once  more.  Speaking  of  the  law  of 
1838,  far  the  best  educational  legislation  of  the  entire  period,  he 
said  :l  "It  gives  to  the  people  the  power  to  do  their  own  business 
whether  in  townships  or  districts  as  the  majority  may  think  best. 
The  widest  possible  latitude  is  given  for  popular  action :  the  most 
that  the  law  does  is  to  prescribe  certain  general  rules  within 
which  the  people  can  act  under  the  sanction  of  the  law,  and  it 
gives  to  such  popular  action  the  aid  of  law  to  effect  its  purpose." 


1  Third  Annual  Report,  State  Supt  of  Schools,  page  4. 

(138) 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       139 

This  expresses  as  well  as  it  can  be  done  the  state  theory 
that  seems  to  underlie  all  the  educational  legislation  prior  to  1850. 

One  result  of  this  type  of  legislation  was  great  freedom  in 
educational  experimentation,  with  legislative  sanction  when  that 
was  asked  for.  In  communities  where  the  general  school  senti- 
ment was  high,  as  in  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Akron  and  some  other 
towns  and  cities,  this  resulted  in  an  excellent  type  of  school  sys- 
tem, and  through  this  experimentation  a  legalized  model  was 
given  to  other  communities  throughout  the  state.  The  results 
were  excellent  for  those  communities  which  chose  to  follow  the 
example  set  and  there  were  many  that  did  so.  On  the  other  hand, 
there  were  no  penalties  in  any  of  the  legislation  prior  to  1850  to 
compel  even  towns  and  cities  to  organize  schools  other  than  those 
of  the  district  type,  and  the  only  compulsion  to  organize  the  latter 
was  the  loss  of  the  community's  share  of  the  school  tax  if  it  did 
not  do  so. 

Ohio  early  took  an  advanced  position  on  the  right  and  de- 
sirability of  taxing  all  property  in  the  state  for  school  purposes. 
This  principle  appeared  in  1825,  when  the  commissioners  of  each 
county  were  directed  to  levy  a  half-mill  tax  for  school  support, 
and  it  remained  in  all  subsequent  laws  in  some  form.  With  this 
principle  established,  the  state  did  not  concern  itself  further 
either  to  compel  the  taxation  or  the  establishment  of  schools. 
These  were  matters  to  be  decided  by  smaller  local  areas.  The 
general  idea  seemed  to  be  that  self-interest  and  a  desire  to  use 
the  share  of  money  to  which  each  district  was  entitled,  would 
be  sufficient  incentive  for  the  establishment  of  public  schools  in 
the  districts  throughout  the  state.  The  results  of  the  next  fifteen 
years  show  that  this  belief  was  in  large  part  justified.  Mr. 
Lewis  estimated  the  number  of  district  schools  taught  in  Ohio 
in  the  year  i8392  at  13,049,  and  he  based  this  estimate  on  actual 
reports  from  5,442  districts  in  which  7,295  schools  were  taught. 
The  state,  however,  took  no  responsibility  for  seeing  that  the 
children  of  the  district  attended  the  school  so  established,  and 
but  a  minor  responsibility  for  the  activities  that  were  carried  on 
in  it. 


'Third  Annual  Report,  State  Supt.  of  Schools,  page  48. 


140  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

This  lack  of  compelling  power  and  lack  of  efficient  ad- 
ministrative officers  made  the  system  a  loose  and  ineffective  one, 
under  which  the  various  communities  continued  largely  to  do  that 
which  was  right  in  their  own  eyes. 

The  great  educational  blunder  of  Ohio  was  in  the  abolition 
of  the  office  of  State  Superintendent  in  1840.  Although  the  of- 
fice as  created  in  1837  did  not  carry  with  it  the  possibility  of  ex- 
ercising any  large  legal  powers,  and  was  confined  largely  to  the 
gathering  of  school  statistics,  and  the  dissemination  throughout 
the  state  of  educational  information  concerning  the  laws  in  force 
and  other  matters  of  educational  interest,  it  did  centralize  the 
educational  interest  of  the  state  in  one  office,  and  had  in  it  great 
possibilities  of  usefulness.  The  law  of  1838,  with  the  State 
Superintendent  at  the  head  of  the  system  contained  much  of  edu- 
cational promise.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  if  Mr.  Lewis 
or  a  leader  of  equal  ability  could  have  continued  the  work  begun 
so  ably  by  him  from  1837  to  1840,  the  educational  development 
of  Ohio  might  have  paralleled  that  in  Massachusetts  under  the 
guidance  of  Horace  Mann.  The  explanation  of  its  failure  to 
do  so,  must  be  found  in  the  fact  that  in  spite  of  much  educa- 
tional interest,  the  people  as  a  whole  were  not  ready  for  such 
leadership.  Whatever  the  causes  may  have  been,  the  result  was 
to  leave  Ohio  educationally  a  generation  behind  the  position  she 
might  have  occupied  had  she  lived  up  to  the  full  promise  of  the 
law  of  1838. 

Nowhere  is  there  a  better  illustration  of  the  need  of  a  cen- 
tralized administrative  office  capable  of  giving  to  the  legislature 
advice  founded  upon  knowledge  of  the  facts,  and  of  administer- 
ing the  policies  adopted  uniformly  throughout  the  state,  than  in 
the  legislation  concerning  Ohio  school  lands.  Educational  in- 
terest, state  economic  interests  —  such  as  the  question  of  internal 
improvements  —  local  interests,  and  too  often,  individual  in- 
terests were  all  presented  to  the  legislature,  which  acted  in  many 
cases  upon  a  one-sided  presentation  of  the  facts.  The  result  was 
a  mass  of  confused  facts  and  conflicting  legislation,  that  as  it 
multiplied  left  the  legislators  themselves  in  ignorance  as  to  the 
exact  law  that  applied  in  particular  cases.  Opportunities  for  care- 
lessness and  downright  dishonesty  in  the  local  handling  of  the 


Educational  Legislation  in  Ohio  From  1803  to  1850.       141 

funds,  and  the  selling  and  leasing  of  the  lands  were  afforded, 
and  as  the  records  show,  not  all  local  officials  were  either  careful 
or  honest.  Aside  from  carelessness  and  occasional  dishonesty, 
the  conflict  between  the  immediate  interest  of  a  neighbor  and 
the  more  distant  interest  of  the  schools,  that  often  confronted 
the  local  appraisers  of  lands,  must  have  been  frequently  disastrous 
for  the  schools.  John  Brough,  the  auditor  of  state,  said  in 
1840,  that  "any  one  who  would  seek  the  records  and  gather  the 
melancholy  facts  they  contained  would  be  convinced  of  the  waste 
that  had  taken  place." 

The  state  had  no  clearly  defined  state-wide  policy  applicable 
in  all  instances  and  under  all  circumstances,  and  it  lacked  effi- 
cient machinery  of  government  to  administer  carefully  the  policies 
that  were  initiated. 

It  is  not  probable  that  dishonest  or  wilful  carelessness  was 
the  cause  of  the  legislation  that  made  great  loss  possible,  but 
rather  ignorance  of  conditions,  and  a  hand  to  mouth  expediency 
to  meet  present  needs.  This  could  have  been  largely  avoided 
through  the  establishment  of  a  central  office,  interested  primarily 
in  preserving  for  the  educational  interests  of  the  state  the  first 
state-wide  grant  made  by  the  general  government  for  the  use  of 
schools. 

There  is  little  to  be  said  in  summarizing  the  state's  attitude 
towards  secondary  and  higher  education.  Ohio  lacked  in  the 
beginning,  and  failed  to  develop  during  the  period  any  state 
educational  policy  that  embraced  elementary,  secondary  and 
higher  education.  Her  interest  in  public  education  was  an  in- 
terest in  public  elementary  education  only,  not  in  secondary  or 
higher  institutions.  One  explanation  for  this  is  doubtless  found 
in  the  abundance  of  local  secondary  and  higher  institutions  estab- 
lished by  private  initiative,  and  a  second  in  the  fact  that  the 
three  townships  granted  by  the  government  for  higher  education 
were  located  in  the  Ohio  Company's  Purchase  and  in  the 
Symmes'  Purchase,  and  that  the  resulting  institutions  were  re- 
garded as  largely  local  and  only  quasi  state  m  nature.  With  a 
lack  of  clearly  recognized  state  institutions  of  college  or  uni- 
versity rank,  there  was  no  pressure  from  above  for  a  system  of 
preparatory  schools  under  state  control. 


142  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

Secondary  education  was  still  generally  regarded  as  a  privi- 
lege to  be  obtained  by  those  who  could  afford  to  pay  for  it,  not 
as  a  recognized  part  of  a  free  state  system.  Private  secondary 
schools  had  been  established  in  abundance.  It  was  not  surpris- 
ing that  the  development  of  a  state  system  of  secondary  schools 
came  as  a  part  of  the  general  high  school  movement  that  began 
to  take  on  vigorous  growth  about  1850. 

The  characteristic  features  of  Ohio's  educational  legislation 
during  her  first  half  century  of  statehood  left  a  strong  impression 
upon  the  state's  educational  policy  for  the  next  fifty  years.  The 
lack  of  any  efficient  centralized  control,  the  absence  of  com- 
pulsory local  supervision  of  any  kind,  an  abundance  of  excellent 
permissive  laws,  which  legalized  advanced  educational  procedure 
without  compelling  it,  the  passing  of  laws  general  in  form  but 
local  in  application,  lack  of  any  state  agency  for  training  teachers 
for  her  schools,  these  continued  throughout  the  next  half  century, 
from  1850  to  1900,  as  marked  traits  of  the  state's  educational 
procedure. 

It  is  only  in  very  recent  years  that  Ohio  has  freed  herself 
from  some  of  the  most  undesirable  features  of  her  early  legisla- 
tive inheritance,  and  has  adopted  a  modern,  progressive,  central- 
ized state  system  of  education,  with  state-wide  supervision,  that 
places  her  on  a  parity  with  her  most  advanced  sister  states. 


APPENDIX  A. 


A  CLASSIFIED   COLLECTION  AND   ABSTRACT   OF  THE 

EDUCATIONAL  LEGISLATION  OF  THE 

PERIOD:    1803-1850. 

ACTS    TO    INCORPORATE    THE    ORIGINAL    SURVEYED    TOWNSHIPS,    IN- 
CLUDING   PROVISIONS    FOR    DISTRICTING,    ESTABLISHING 
SCHOOLS,  APPORTIONING  MONEY,  ETC. 

O.  L.,  IV,  66,  Jan.  2,  1806. 

O.  L.,  VIII,  100',  Feb.  6,  1810 

O.  L.,  XIII,  295,  Dec.  5,  1814. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  490,  March  14,  1831. 

GENERAL    SCHOOL    LAWS 

O.  L.,  XIX,  51,  Jan.  22,  1821.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  regulation  and 
support  of  common  schools.  (The  first  School  Law.) 

O.  L.,  XX,  86,  Jan.  31,  1822.  Resolution.  Seven  commissioners  to  report 
a  system  of  common  schools. 

O.  L.,  XXIII,  36,  Feb.  5,  1825.     An  act  to  provide  for  the  support,  etc. 

O.  L.,  XXV,  65,  Jan.  30,  1827.     An  act  supplementary  to  the  above. 

O.  L.,  XXV,  78,  Jan.  30,  1827.  An  act  to  establish  a  fund  for  the  sup- 
port of  common  schools. 

O.  L.,  XXVII,  73,  Feb.  10,  1829.    An  act  to  provide  for  the  support,  etc. 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,  55,  Feb.  18,  1830.  Arf  act  in  addition  to  the  act  to  es- 
tablish a  fund,  etc. 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,  57,  Jan.  14,  1830.     An  act  to  amend  the  school  law. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  414,  March  10,  1831.    An  act  to  provide  for  the  support,  etc. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  423,  March  2,  1831.  An  act  to  establish  a  fund  for  the 
support  of  common  schools. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  4,  Dec.  23,  1831.    An  act  to  amend  the  school  law. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  18,  Dec.  3,  1832.  An  amendment  regulating  fees  of 
county  treasurers  for  handling  school  funds. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  24,  Feb.  13,  1833.  An  act  supplementary  to  the  act  con- 
cerning the  school  fund. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  24,  Feb.  25,  1833.     An  act  to  amend  the  school  law. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  25,  Feb.  28,  1834.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  support,  etc. 

(143) 


144  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  19,  March  12,  1836.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  suppirt, 
etc. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  654,  March  11,  1836.  Resolution  for  a  committee  to  pre- 
pare a  School  District  Manual. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  654,  March  14,  1836.  Resolution  requesting  C.  E.  Stowe 
to  study  and  report  on  European  Schools. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  82,  March  27,  1837.  An  act  creating  the  office  of  Super- 
intendent of  Common  Schools. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  560,  April  1,  1837.  Resolution  appointing  Samuel  Lewis 
Superintendent  of  Common  Schools. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  97,  March  28,  1837.  An  act  for  the  distribution,  etc.,  of 
United  States  Surplus  Revenue. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  79,  March  19,  1838.    An  act  amending  the  preceding  act. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  41,  March  27,  1841.  An  act  further  to  .amend  the  pre- 
ceding. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  21,  March  7,  1838.    An  act  for  the  support,  etc. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  399,  Dec.  16,  1837.  Resolution  granting  certain  privileges 
to  the  Superintendent  of  Schools. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  411,  March  9,  1838.  Resolution  appointing  Samuel  Lewis 
Superintendent  for  five  years. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  73,  March  17,  1838.  An  act  concerning  the  distribution 
of  the  school  fund  in  certain  'districts. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  85,  March  19,  1838.  An  act  levying  a  tax  for  school 
purposes 

O.  L,  XXXVI,  90,  March  19,  1838.  An  act  regulating  the  fees  of 
County  Auditors. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  402,  Jan.  4,  1838.  Resolution  concerning  Professor 
Stowe's  report  on  European  education. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  404,  Jan.  4,  1838.  Resolution  thanking  Professor  Stowe 
for  the  report. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  404,  Jan.  16,  1838.  Resolution  appropriating  $500.00  for 
Professor  C.  E.  Stowe  for  his  labor. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  410,  March  7,  1838.  Resolution  providing  for  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Schools  and 
C.  E.  Stowe's  report. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  412,  March  13,  1838.  Resolution  asking  for  the  amount 
of  school  tax  levied  on  colored  people. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  415,  Jan.  16,  1838.  Resolution  that  8,500  copies  of  the 
report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Schools  be  printed  and  distrib- 
uted. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  394,  Jan.  16,  1839.  Resolution  that  9,500  copies  of  the 
annual  report  of  the  Superintendent  be  printed  and  distributed. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  61,  March  16,  1839.  An  act  amending  the  school  law 
and  creating  permanently  the  office  of  Superintendent. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  131,  March  23,  1840.  An  act  to  abolish  the  office  of 
Superintendent  of  Schools. 


Appendix  A.  145 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  44,   March  29,   1841.     An  act  to   amend  the  school  law 

and  all  acts  amendatory  thereto. 

O.  L.,  XL,  49,  March  7,  1842.     An  act  to  amend  the  school  law. 
O.  L.,  XL,  59,  March  7,  1842.     An  act  making  appropriations.     Reduces 

the  school  appropriation  to  $150,000.00. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  38,  March  6,  1843.    An  act  to  increase  the  school  fund. 
O.  L.,  XLI,  '59,  March  11,  1843.    An  act  further  to  amend  the  school  law. 
O.  L.,  XLII,  48,  March  12,  1844.     An  act  to  amend  the  school  law. 
O.  L.,  XLIV,  114,  March  2,  1846.    An  act  to  amend  the  preceding  act  of 

March  11,  1843. 

O.  L.,  XLV,  26,  Feb.  8,  1847.     An  act  to  amend  the  school  law. 
O.  L.,  XLV,  60,  Feb.  8,  1847.    An  act  to  amend  the  act  for  levying  taxes. 
O.  L.,  XLIV,  81,  Feb.  28,  1846.     An  act  authorizing  districts  to  establish 

school  libraries. 

O.  L.,  XLV,  67,  Feb.  8,  1847.    An  act  to  incorporate  Teachers'  Institutes. 
O.  L.,  XLV,  32,   Feb.  8,  1847.     An  act  to  provide  for  the  appointment 

of  county  superintendents'. 
O.  L.,  XLVI,  28,  Jan.  21,  1848.     An  act  to  secure  the  returns  of  school 

statistics. 
O.  L.,  XLV,  187,  Feb.  8,  1847.    An  act  for  the  support  of  common  schools 

in  Akron. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  46,  Jan.  28,  1848.     An  act  to  amend  the  preceding  act. 
O.  L.,  XLVI,  48,  Feb.  14,  1848.     An  act  making  general  the  Akron  act. 
O.  L.,  XLVI,  69,  Feb.  22,   1848.     An  act  to  amend  the  act   for  levying 

taxes. 
O.  L.,  XLVI,   81,   Feb.  24,    1848.     An   act   to   provide   a   department   of 

Common  Schools  for  colored  persons. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  83,  Feb.  24,  1848.     An  act  amending  the  school  law. 
O.  L.,  XLVI,  86,  Feb.  24,  1848.     An  act  amending  the  act  to  encourage 

teachers'  institutes. 
O.  L.,  XLVII,   17,   Feb.   10,   1849.     An   act   authorizing   separate  schools 

for  colored  children. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  19,  Feb.   16,  1849.     An  act  amending  the  act  to  incorpo- 
rate teachers'  institutes. 
O.  L.,  XLVII,  22,  Feb.  21,   1849.     An  act   for  the  regulation  of   Public 

Schools  in  cities  and  towns. 

O.  L.  XLVII,  39,  March  6,  1849.     An  act  amending  the  school  law. 
O.  L.,  XLVII,  43,  March  12,  1849.    An  act  to  amend  the  school  law. 
O.  L.,  XLVII,  45,  March  15,  1849.     An  act  to  amend  the  Akron  act. 
O.  L.,  XLVII,  52,  March  24,  1849.     An  act  to  amend  the  school  law. 
O.  L.,  XLVI  1 1,  40,  March  13,  1850.     An  act  to  amend  the  law  concerning 

public  schools  in  cities  and  towns. 
O.  L.,  XLVIII,  41,   March  22,  1850.     An  act  concerning  school   district 

taxes,  etc. 
O.  L.,  XLVIII,  44,  March  22,   1850.     An  act   for  the  appointment  of  a 

state  board  of  public  instruction. 

Vol.  XX VI  I  — 10. 


146  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  47,  March  23,  1850.  An  act  supplementary  to  the  pre- 
ceding. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  728,  Jan.  28,  1850.  Resolution  for  the  appointment  of  a 
committee  to  report  on  the  defects  of  the  present  school  system. 

SPECIAL  ACTS    CONCERNING   PUBLIC    SCHOOLS. 

Special  acts  for  the  following  purposes  were  passed  during 
the  period  from  1829  to  1850: 

Creating  district  or  changing  boundaries  of  districts 29 

Allowing  districts  to  make  appropriations,  borrow  money  or 

tax  themselves  for  school  purposes 26 

Authorizing  the  sale  of  school  lots  or  other  lots  for  school 

purposes  18 

Authorizing  the  apportionment  of  school  funds  when  the  school 

census  had  not  been  made 13 

Changing  the  form  or  powers  of  the  district  organization 4 

Governing  the  distribution  of  school  funds  in  special  cases 6 

Relief  of  individual  school  officers 2 

FINES,   FEES,    ETC.,   APPLIED  TO   THE   SUPPORT   OF   PUBLIC    SCHOOLS. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,  11,  Jan.  28,  1829.    An  act  to  regulate  grocers  and  retailers 

of   spirituous   liquors. 

Licenses,  $5.00  to  $50.00.  Fines  for  operating  without  license,  per- 
mitting rioting,  drunkenness,  gambling,  etc.,  $10.00  to  $50.00.  All 
monies  to  go  to  the  schools  of  the  county. 

O.  L.  XXIX,  161,  Feb.  17,  1831.  An  act  for  the  prevention  of  immoral 
practices. 

Sabbath  breaking— Fine    $1 .00  to      $5.00 

Selling  liquor  on  Sunday — Not  to  exceed 5.00 

Disturbing  religious  meetings — Not  to  exceed 20.00 

Using   profanity    25  to        1 . 00 

Exciting  disturbance  in  a  tavern,  etc 50  to        5.00 

Playing  bullets,  shooting,  running  horses  in  towns..        .50  to        5.00 

Liquor  dealer  keeping  nine  pin  alley 10.00  to     100.00 

Exhibiting  a  puppet  show,  juggling,  etc 10.00 

Tearing  down  public  notices 10 . 00 

Selling  liquor  within  one  mile  of  religious  gather 
ings  except  by  licensed  dealers  at  place  of  busi- 
ness, etc.,  20.00 

Bull  baiting,  bear  baiting,  etc.,  not  to  exceed 100.00 

Cock  fighting— not  to  exceed , 100.00 

,         Horse  racing  on  public  road 1 . 00  to        5 . 00 

All  monies  to  go  to  the  schools  of  the  township  in 
which  offenses  occur. 


Appendix  A.  147 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  304,  March  14,  1831.     An  act  regulating  sales  at  auctions. 

Selling  without  license 500.00 

Failure  to  render  account,  not  to  exceed 1,000.00 

All  monies  to  go  to  State  Literary  Fund. 
O.  L.,  XXIX,  313,  March  14,  1831.     An  act  for  granting  licenses. 

Peddling   without   license 20.00  to     100.00 

All  monies  to  go  to  schools  of  district  in  which  the  offense  occurs. 
O.  L.,  XXIX,  446,  Feb.  28,  1831.     An  act  to  regulate  public  shows. 

Exhibiting  circus  without  permit 100.00 

Money  to  go  to  schools  of  the  county. 
O.  L.,  XXIX,  469,  Jan.  18,  1830.    An  act  to  protect  the  fur  trade. 

Killing  muskrats  out  of  season 1 . 00 

Money  to  go  to  schools  of  township. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  477,   March  9,    1831.     An  act   for   the   inspection  of   cer- 
tain articles. 

Neglecting  to  have  fish  inspected  and  barrels  branded  5.00 

Failure  to  bury  offal  when  fish  are  packed 5.00  to      50.00 

Inspector    violating   regulations 50.00 

Money  to  go  to  schools  of  the  county. 
O.  L.,  XXXII,  47,  March  3,  1834.    An  act  for  the  inspection  of  salt. 

Selling  or  removing  salt  liable  to  inspection.      Perbbl.  1.00 

Money  to  go  to  schools  of  the  county. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  20,  Feb.  27,  1834.     An  act  to  provide    (sic)    for  certain 
crimes. 

Medical  malpractice  of  various  kinds 100.00  to    500.00 

Money  to  go  to  schools  of  the  county. 
O.  L.,  XLVI,  36,  Feb.  7,  1848.     Amending  the  act  granting  licenses,  etc. 

Peddler's  license  fees  to  go  to  state  school  fund. 

Fine  for  peddling  without  license 50.00 

Money  to  go  to  schools  of  the  township. 
O.  L.,  XLIII,  17,  Feb.  10,  1845.    An  act  to.  prevent  firing 
of  cannon  upon  public  streets,  etc.    Money  to  go 

to  schools  of  the  township 50.00 

O.  L.,  XLIV,  10,  Jan.  17,  1846.    An  act  to  prevent  gambling. 

Proprietor  of  gambling  house  or  common  gambler.  500.00 

Money  to  go  to  schools  of  the  county. 
O.  L.,  XLIV,  76,  Feb.  28,  1846.    An  act  to  protect  enclosures. 

Fine  not  to  exceed  100 . 00 

O.  L.,  XLII,  37,  March  6,  1844.     An  act  to  prevent  the  introduction  and 
spreading  of  Canada  thistles. 

Allowing  to  mature  or  selling  seed  containing  Can- 
ada thistle  seed    10.00  to      20.00 

Money  to  go  to  schools  of  the  township. 
O.  L.,  XXXII,  38,  March  1,  1834.     Obstructing  naviga- 
tion in  the  Muskingmn  River    50.00 


148  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  68,  March  17,  1838.    Officer  or  corpora- 
tion disregarding  court  orders  in  quo  warranto 

procedure   '. 10,000.00 

Money  to  go  to  schools  of  the  county. 
O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  4,  Jan.  17,  1840.     Keeping  breachy  or 

unruly  animals   25  to        1.00 

Money  to  go  to  schools  of  the  district. 
O.  L.,   XXXVIII,   7,  Jan.   17,   1840.     Harboring  intox- 
icated   Indians    5.00  to      25.00 

Money  to  go  to  schools  of  the  district. 
O.  L.,  XXXIX,  34,  March  26,  1841.     Selling  liquor  with- 
in two  miles  of  a  religious  society  gathered  in  a 

field    or    woodland 10.00 

Money  to  go  to  schools  of  the  township. 

LAWS  CONCERNING  COMMON  SCHOOLS   IN   CITIES  AND  TOWNS 
O.  L.,  XXIII,  65,  Jan.  8,  1825.    An  act  authorizing  the  township  meeting 

at  Marietta  to  vote  a  sum  for  schools. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,  33,  Feb.  12,  1829.    An  act  creating  a  school  system  in  the 

city  of  Cincinnati. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  157,  March  19,  1840.    Amending  the  preceding  act. 
O.  L.,  XLIII,  413,  March  12,  1845.     Supplementary.     City  of  Cincinnati. 
O.  L.,  XLIV,  91,  Feb.  11,  1846.     An  act  for  the  better  classification  of 

the  Common  Schools  of  Cincinnati  and  Dayton. 
O.  L.,  XLV,  193,  Feb.  6,  1847.     An  act  authorizing  the  City  Council  of 

Cincinnati  to  levy  taxes   for  school  purposes'. 

O.   L.,  XLVIII,  662,  March  23,  1850.     An  act  authorizing  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools  in  Cincinnati. 
O.  L.,  XXXIV,  226,   March  3,   1836.     An  act  incorporating  the  City  of 

Ohio.     Provides  for  School  System. 
O.  L.,  XXXV,  32,  Jan.  7,  1837.    An  act  incorporating  the  City  of  Toledo. 

Provides  for  School  System. 
O.  L.,  XXXIV,  271,  March  5,  1836.     An  act  incorporating  the  City  of 

Cleveland.    Provides  for  School  System. 
O.  L,  XLVI,  150,  Feb.  18,  1848.     An  act  for  the  better  regulation  and 

support  of  the  Cleveland  Schools. 
O.  L.,  XXXVI,  329,  March  16,  1838.     Amending  the  act  to  incorporate 

the  town  of  Portsmouth.     School  System  adapted  from  the  Cin- 
cinnati charter. 
O.  L.,  XXXVII,  194,  March  12,  1839.    An  act  for  the  support  and  better 

regulation  of  the  schools  in  the  town  of  Zanesville. 
O.  L.,  XXXIX,  22,  Feb.  20,  1841.    An  act  to  regulate  schools  in  the  town 

of  Marietta. 
O.  L.,  XXXIX,  135,  March  27,  1841.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  city  of 

Dayton.    Adapts    provisions   of  .  the    Cleveland    and    Cincinnati 

schools. 


Appendix  A.  149 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  57,  Feb.  3,  1845.  An  act  for  the  support  and  better  regula- 
tion of  schools  in  the  city  of  Columbus. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  230,  Feb.  16,  1849.     Amending  the  preceding. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  150,  Feb.  26,  1845.  An  act  incorporating  the  town  of  Mt. 
Vernon.  Provides  for  the  control  of  schools. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  205,  March  9,  1849.  An  act  concerning  taxes,  schools,  and 
sewers  in  the  city  of  Toledo. 

O.  L.,  XLIV,  261,  March  2,  1846.  An  act  to  regulate  Common  Schools 
in  Maumee  City,  Lucas  County,  and  in  Elyria. 

O.  L.,  XLV,  121,  Feb.  8,  1847.  An  act  for  the  support  and  better  regu- 
lation of  schools  in  District  21,  in  Urbana. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  185,  Feb.  18,  1848.  An  act  for  the  support  and  better  reg- 
ulation of  schools  in  Lithopolis. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  191,  Feb.  19,  1848.  An  act  for  the  support  and  better 
regulation  of  schools  in  Lancaster. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  647,  Feb.  13,  1850.    Amending  the  preceding. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  237,  Feb.  24,  1848.  An  act  for  the  support  and  better 
regulation  of  schools  in  Lebanon  District,  Warren  County. 

O.  Ll,  XLVII,  253,  March  21,  1849.  An  act  repealing  the  "Akron  Act" 
in  the  town  of  New  Lebanon. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  648,  March  22,  1850.  An  act  to  repeal  the  provisions  of 
the  act  for  the  regulation  of  schools'  in  cities  and  towns  etc.,  so 
far  as  it  is  in  force  in  the  town  of  Hanover. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  662,  March  21,  1850.  An  act  to  exempt  Mt.  Vernon  from 
the  provisions  of  the  Akron  act. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  373,  March  21,  1850.  Amending  the  act  to  incorporate 
the  town  of  Fulton.  (Providing  for  schools.) 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  421,  March  19,  1850.  An  act  incorporating  the  city  of 
Piqua.  (Providing  for  schools.) 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  446,  March  21,  1850.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  city  of 
Springfield.  (Providing  for  schools.) 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  648,  March  1,  1850.  An  act  extending  the  provisions  of 
the  act  for  regulation  of  schools  in  cities  etc.,  to  Union  School 
District  No.  7  in  Springfield  and  Suffield  Townships  in  Summit 
and  Portage  Counties. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  651,  March  19,  1850.  An  act  authorizing  the  citizens  of 
Wooster  to  vote  for  or  against  the  provisions  of  the  "Akron  Act." 

ACTS   CONCERNING   LOCAL   SCHOOL   FUNDS 

O.  L.,  XXVII,  23,  Jan.  5,  1829.    An  act  establishing  a  fund  for  Common 

schools  in  Clermont  County. 
O.  L.,    XXVII,  180.  Feb.  11,  1829.      } 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,     56.  Feb    2,  1830.  Acts  supplementary  to  the  preced- 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,    57.  Jan.  14,  1830.       f  ing  act. 

O.  L.,      XXIX,  210.  March  11,  1831.  J 


150  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  100,  Feb.  20,  1834;  O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  149,  March  17,  1840. 
Acts  establishing  a  Common  School  Fund  in  that  part  of  War- 
ren County  in  the  Virginia  Military  District. 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,  93,  Feb.  18,  1830.  An  act  incorporating  the  trustees  of 
the  Windham  School  Fund. 

O.  L,  XXXVII,  50,  Feb.  16,  1839 ;  O.  L.,  XLI,  26,  January  16,  1843.  Acts 
supplementary  to  the  preceding. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    SCHOOLS    FOR    POOR    CHILDREN 

O.  L.,  XXIV,  36,  Jan.  24,  1826.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  Charity  School 

of  Kendall,  Stark  County. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,  Feb.  10,  1829,  O.  L.,  XLVIII,  625,  March  7,  1850.     Acts 

supplementary  to  the  preceding. 
O.  L.,  XXV,  62,  Jan.  24,  1827.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees  of  the 

Woodward  Free  Grammar  School. 
O.  L.,  XXXIV,  514,  March  14,  1836.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  M'Intire 

Poor  School,  in  Zanesville. 
O.  L.,  XXXVI,  514,  March  7,  1838.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  Immigrants 

Friends  Society  of  Cincinnati. 

LAWS   CONCERNING   SCHOOL   LANDS 

Journals  of  the  American  Congress.     1774-1788.    Vol.  IV,  520.     May  20, 

1785.     An  Ordinance  for  ascertaining  the  mode  of  disposing  of 

lands  in  the  Western  territory. 
United    States    Statutes    at    Large.      Vol.    I,    51.      July    13,    1787.      An 

Ordinance   for  the  government  of  the  territory  of   the   United 

States  northwest  of  the  River  Ohio. 
Journals  of  the  American  Congress.     1774-1788.     Vol.  IV,  Appendix,  17. 

Powers  to  the  Board  of  Treasury  to  contract  for  the  sale  of  the 

Western  territory. 
United  States  Statutes  at  Large.    Vol.  II,  175.    April  30,  1802.    Enabling 

Act  for  Ohio. 
Nashee's  Compilation,  page  161,  Territorial  Act.     Nov.  27,  1800.     An  act 

authorizing    the    leasing    of    school    lands    etc.,    in    Washington 

County. 
O.  L.,  I,  161,  April  15,  1803.    An  act  to  provide  for  the  leasing  of  school 

lands. 
O.  L.,   Ill,  230,  Feb.  20,   1805.     An  act  directing   the  mode  of  leasing 

Section  16. 
O.  L.,  Ill,  321,  April  15,   1805.     An  act  to  provide   for  leasing   School 

lands. 
O.  L.,  IV,  66,  Jan.  2,  1806.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  original  surveyed 

townships.     (Leasing  school  lands.) 


Appendix  A.  151 

O.  L.,  VI,  125,  Jan.  14,  1808.  An  act  accepting  certain  lands  offered  by 
Congress  for  the  use  of  schools  in  the  Virginia  Military  Tract, 
in  lieu  of  those  heretofore  appropriated. 

O.  L.,  VII,  109,  Feb.  17,  1809.  An  act  directing  the  manner  in  which 
the  school  lands  in  the  Virginia  Military  Tract  shall  be  sur- 
veyed and  disposed  of. 

O.  L.,  VIII,  100,  Feb.  6, 1810.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  original  surveyed 
townships.  (Leasing  school  lands.) 

O.  L.,  VIII,  254,  Feb.  16,  1810.  Amending  the  act  concerning  the  dis- 
position etc.,  of  the  school  lands  in  the  Virginia  Military  Tract. 

O.  L.,  XIII,  295,  Dec.  5,  1814.  An  act  supplementing  the  act  to  incorporate 
townships.  (Leasing  school  lands.) 

O.  L.,  XIV,  418,  Feb.  26,  1816.  An  act  directing  the  manner  of  leasing 
the  school  lands  in  the  Virginia  Military  Tract. 

O.  L.,  XV,  202,  Jan.  27,  1817.  An  act  to  provide  for  leasing  the  school 
lands'.  (99-year  leases.) 

O.  L.,  XIX,  161,  Feb.  21,  1821.  An  act  to  provide  for  leasing  school  lands 
in  the  United  States  Military  District. 

O.  L.,  XX,  34,  Jan.  31,  1822.  An  act  regulating  the  school  lands  in  the 
Connecticut  Western  Reserve. 

O.  L.,  XXI,  33,  Jan.  27,  1823.  An  act  to  authorize  the  surrender  of  cer- 
tain leases  etc.  (School  lands.) 

O.  L.,  XXV,  26,  Jan.  29,  1827.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  Sec- 
tion 16. 

O.  L.,  XXV,  103,  Jan.  19,  1827.  An  act  to  provide  for  obtaining  the 
consent  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  United  States  Military  District 
to  the  sale  of  school  lands,  and  to  authorize  the  surrender  of 
leases  and  the  receiving  of  certificates  of  purchase. 

O.  L.,  XXV,  45,  Jan.  29,  1827.  An  act  to  enable  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Virginia  Military  District  to  vote  on  the  sale  of  school  lands. 

O.  L.,  XXVI,  23,  Jan.  28,  1828.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  the 
school  lands  in  the  Virginia  Military  District,  and  to  authorize 
the  surrender  of  leases  and  the  receiving  of  certificates  of  pur- 
chase. 

O.  L,  XXVI,  135,  Feb.  11,  1828.  An  act  to  enable  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Connecticut  Western  Reserve  to  give  their  consent  to  the  sale 
of  their  school  lands. 

O.  L.,  XXVI,  80,  Feb.  11,  1828.  An  act  to  provide  for  granting  temporary 
leases  of  certain  school  lands. 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,  16,  Feb.  9,  1830.  An  act  to  amend  the  act  providing  for 
the  sale  of  Section  16. 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,  18,  Dec.  31,  1829.  An  act  to  enable  the  inhabitants  of 
the  Connecticut  Western  Reserve  to  give  their  consent  to  the 
sale  of  their  school  lands. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  490,  March  14,  1831.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  original 
surveyed  townships.  (Management  of  the  school  lands.) 


152  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  187,  March  3,  1831.     An  act  making  further  provision  for 

the  sale  of  Section  16. 
O.  L.,  XXXIII,  128,  Feb.  25,  1835.    An  act  authorizing  the  electors  in  the 

several  counties  of  the  Western  Reserve  to  give  their  assent  t* 

the  sale  of  additional  school  land. 
O.  L.,  XXXVI,  63,  March  16,  1838.    Amending  the  act  to  provide  for  the 

sale  of  Section  16. 
O.  L.,  XXXVII,  78,  March  18,  1839.    An  act  for  the  relief  of  holders 

of  leases  on  Section  16. 
O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  62,  March  21,  1840.     Amending  the  act  providing  for 

the  sale  of  school  lands  in  the  United  States  Military  District. 
O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  164,  March  20,   1840.     An  act  providing  for  the  sale 

of.  three  tracts  of  Moravian  school  lands  in  Tuscarawas  County. 
O.  L.,  XLI,  20,  Feb.  2,  1843.     An  act  to  regulate  the  sale  of  Ministerial 

and  School  Lands  and  the  surrender  of  permanent  leases. 
O.  L.,  XLIII,  58,  March  4,  1845.     An  act  to  fix  the  minimum  price  of 

school  lands. 
O.  L.',  XLVI,  38,  Feb.  8,  1848.     An  act  to  enable  the  inhabitants  of  the 

Western  Reserve  to  give  their  consent  to  the  sale  of  their  school 

lands. 
O.  L.,  XLVII,  232,  Feb.  17,  1849.     An  act  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  the 

Western   Reserve  school  lands. 

SPECIAL  ACTS  CONCERNING  SCHOOL  LANDS 

1803  to  1817 

Granting  permanent  leases   25 

Concerning  other  features  of  leases  5 

1817  to  1823 

Concerning  leases    18 

Extending  time  of  payment  of  rent  3 

1823  to  1827 

Calling  for  a  revaluation  of  land 4 

Granting  one  year  leases 2 

For  the  relief  of  lessees 4 

Leasing  less  than  legal  amount   1 

1827  to  1831 

Calling  for  a  revaluation  of  land  15 

For  surrendering  leases   15 

Authorizing  sales  of  school  lands 12 

Making  special  provisions  for  leasing  5 

Distributing  funds  from  leased  lands 4 

Leasing  less  than  legal  amount 

For  the  relief  of  lessees  


Appendix  A.  153 

1831  to  1838 

Providing  for  sales 47 

Changing  provisions  for  surrendering  leases    17 

Postponing  payments  due 17 

Leasing  less  than  legal  amount 7 

Distributing  funds  from  leased  lands   6 

Special  provisions  in  lease 3 

Concerning  a  revaluation  of  land  5 

1838  to  1845 

Concerning  the  surrender  of  leases 21 

Postponing   payments 14 

Acts  legalizing  sales 13 

Special  provisions  for  leasing 11 

Sixty-four  of  the  acts  of  this  period  included  a  minimum  price 
ranging  from  two  to  thirty  dollars  per  acre.  The  minimum  price  that 
appears  most  frequently  is  five  dollars  per  acre,  this  appearing  in  forty- 
six  of  the  sixty-four  cases.  This  fixing  of  a  minimum  price  occurs  in 
these  cases  before  any  general  act  has  been  passed  placing  a  minimum 
price  on  school  lands. 

1845  to  1850 

Authorizing  sales  of  land,  approximately    100 

Surrendering  leases   8 

Extending  time  oi  payment 7 

Leasing    2 

In  addition  to  the  special  acts  classified  above,  there  are  a  compara- 
tively small  number  of  miscellaneous  acts  concerning  school  lands  that 
do  not  lend  themselves1  easily  to  classification,  and  which  are  of  very 
minor  importance.  The  total  number  of  special  acts  passed  concerning 
school  lands  during  this  period  is  approximately  500. 


ACTS   INCORPORATING   SECONDARY   INSTITUTIONS 

Acts  incorporating  academies,  seminaries,  institutes,  high 
schools,  etc.  The  acts  incorporating  these  institutions  are  not 
given  in  full.  Only  the  date  of  incorporation  and  the  main 
points  are  indicated.  These  facts  will  indicate  the  incorporators, 
the  control  of  the  institution,  the  body  supporting  it,  the  property 
limitations,  the  curriculum  and  purpose,  and  the  limitations  placed 
upon  the  body  by  the  act  of  incorporation.  These  provisions 
are  not  all  indicated  in  the  case  of  each  act,  but  the  points  that 
appear  are  shown. 


164  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  I,  117,  April  16,  1803.  The  Erie  Literary  Society;  David  Hudson 
and  twelve  others;  board  of  trustees  of  ten  to  fifteen  members: 
to  support  a  seminary  of  learning,  either  a  college  or  an  academy. 

O.  L.,  VI,  17,  February  15,  1808.  The  Dayton  Academy;  James  Walsh 
and  seven  others ;  stock  company,  shares  five  dollars  each ;  nine 
trustees ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  three  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  VI,  51,  February  20,  1808.  The  Worthington  Academy;  James 
Kilburne  and  six  others ;  seven  trustees ;  stock  company,  shares 
five  dollars  each;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand 
dollars. 

O.  L.,  VI,  156,  February  18,  1808.  Chillicothe  Academy;  Robert  Wilson 
and  eight  others;  seven  to  eleven  trustees;  stock  company,  shares 
ten  dollars ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  VIII,  26,  January  2,  1810.  The  New  Lisbon  -Academy ;  Clement 
Vallandigham  and  eleven  others;  twelve  trustees;  stock  com- 
pany, shares  five  dollars;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  three 
thousand  dollars;  to  erect  and  keep  in  repair  a  house  for  an 
academy,  and  such  other  academical  purposes  as  they  shall  deem 
most  conducive  to  the  interest  of  said  corporation. 

O.  L.,  IX,  39,  January  26,  1811.  An  academy  at  Steubenville ;  Lyman 
Potter  and  fifteen  others,  twelve  trustees;  stock  company,  shares 
five  dollars ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  IX,  57,  January  29,  1811.  Gallia  Academy  in  Gallipolis ;  Claude 
R.  Menager  and  fifty-nine  others ;  seven  trustees ;  stock  company, 
shares  ten  dollars  each;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  five  thou- 
sand dollars;  to  use  the  funds  in  that  way  most  beneficial  for 
the  encouragement  of  literature,  and  to  set  apart  a  fund  for  the 
education  of  orphans  and  poor  children. 

O.  L.,  XIII,  132,  February  4,  1815.  The  Cincinnati  Lancaster  Seminary, 
William  Lytle  and  nineteen  others;  seven  directors;  annual  in- 
come not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars;  no  part  of  said  funds 
shall  be  applied  for  the  purpose  of  banking;  no  political,  re- 
ligious, moral  or  literary  association  shall  have  ascendancy  in 
the  directory,  and  no  religious  tenets  peculiar  to  any  Christian 
sect  shall  ever  be  introduced  into  the  seminary. 

O.  L.,  XIV,  183,  February  13,  1816.  Montgomery  Academy,  Hamilton 
County;  Daniel  Hayden  and  six  others;  seven  trustees;  stock 
company,  shares  five  dollars  each ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed 
one  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XIV,  440,  February  27,  1816.  Tallmadge  Academy,  Portage 
County;  Elizur  Wright  and  twenty-five  others;  seven  to  eleven 
trustees;  stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars  each;  annual  income 
not  to  exceed  three  thousand  dollars;  no  funds  shall  be  applied 
to  banking. 

O.  L.,  XV,  107,  January  24,  1817.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  incorpora- 
tion of  schools  and  library  companies.  This  act  provides  that 


Appendix  A.  155 

any  association  of  six  or  more  persons  may,  for  the  purpose 
of  establishing  a  school  and  building  a  school-house,  or  for 
the  purpose  of  establishing  a  library,  submit  their  articles  of 
association  to  the  president  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  and 
if  he  approve  and  endorse  same,  submit  it  to  two  judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court.  If  they  in  like  manner  approve  and  endorse 
the  articles  of  association,  they  shall  be  recorded  and  deposited 
with  the  county  recorder,  and  the  incorporators  shall  have  the 
usual  corporate  powers. 

O.  L.,  XVI,  109,  January  29,  1818.  The  Florence  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Science,  Huron  County ;  Luther  Havriss  and  nine  others ;  an- 
nual income  not  to  exceed  two  thousand  dollars;  no  part  of 
stock  to  be  used  for  banking  or  other  purposes. 

O.  L.,  XVII,  97,  February  1,  1819.  Cadiz  Academy,  Harrison  County; 
John  Rea  and  eleven  others ;  twelve  trustees ;  stock  company, 
shares  five  dollars  each ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  three 
thousand  dollars;  no  part  of  funds  to  be  used  for  banking. 

O.  L.,  XVII.  186,  February  6,  1819.  Union  Academy,  Muskingum 
County ;  Andrew  Howell  and  ten  others ;  nine  trustees ;  stock 
company,  shares  five  dollars  each ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed 
five  thousand  dollars ;  no  funds  to  be  used  in  banking. 

O.  L.,  XVIII,  local,  85,  February  23,  1820.  Lancaster  Academy;  P. 
Beecher  and  six  others ;  seven  trustees ;  stock  company ;  annual 
income  not  to  exceed  two  thousand  dollars;  trustees  shall  have 
power  "of  directing  what  branches  of  literature  and  the  arts 
and  sciences  shall  be  taught." 

O.  L.,  XX,  local,  11,  January  1,  1822.  The  Academy  of  Alma,  New 
Athens,  Harrison  County:  Joseph  Anderson  and  eleven  others; 
said  corporation  shall  not  deal  in  exchange,  discount  notes  or 
follow  any  commercial  business  or  pursuit;  no  religious  doc- 
trines peculiar  "to  any  one  sect  of  Christians  shall  be  inculcated 
by  any  professor  of  said  academy." 

O.  L.,  XX,  local,  127,  January  30,  1822.  The  Urbana  Academy;  John 
Reynolds  and  six  others;  seven  trustees;  stock  company;  annual 
income  not  to  exceed  two  thousand  dollars;  no  religious  tenets 
peculiar  to  any  Christian  sect  to  be  taught. 

O.  L.,  XX,  local.  30,  January  31,  1822.  Rutland  Academy,  Meigs  County; 
Abel  Larkin  and  four  others;  seven  trustees,  stock  company, 
shares  five  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXII,  local,  14,  January  22.  1824.  Franklin  Academy,  Mansfield; 
Ebon  P.  Sturges  and  fourteen  others ;  fifteen  trustees ;  stock 
company,  shares  five  dollars ;  no  religious  tenets  peculiar  to  any 
one  sect  of  Christians  shall  be  taught  or  inculcated  in  said 
academy. 

O.  L..  XXII,  72,  February  21,  1824.  Norwalk  Academy,  Huron  County; 
Timothy  Baker  and  four  others;  seven  trustees;  stock  company; 


156  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

annual  income  not  to  exceed  two  thousand  dollars;  trustees 
shall  direct  "what  branches  of  literature  and  of  the  arts  and 
sciences  shall  be  taught." 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  local,  85,  February  17,  1834.  Norwalk  Academy  changed 
to  Norwalk  Seminary;  trustees  to  be  appointed  by  the  Ohio 
Annual  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church;  no 
teacher  shall  be  allowed  to  teach  any  student  the  peculiar  tenets 
of  any  sect  or  religious  denomination  without  the  consent  of 
the  parents  or  guardian. 

O.  L.,  XXII,  local,  104,  February  24,  1824.  Belmont  Academy,  St.  Clairs- 
ville,  Belmont  County;  James  Caldwell  and  four  others;  five 
trustees ;  stock  company,  shares  five  dollars  each. 

O.  L.,  XXIII,  local,  18,  December  22,  1824.  Circleville  Academy; 
Andrew  Houston  and  six  others ;  seven  trustees ;  stock  com- 
pany, shares  ten  dollars  each;  trustees  shall  determine  what 
branches  of  literature  and  the  arts  and  sciences  shall  be  taught. 

O.  L.,,  XXVI,  local,  167,  January  24,  1828.  The  Nelson  Academy; 
Jeremiah  H.  Fuller  and  eight  others;  nine  trustees;  stock  com- 
pany, capital  stock  not  to  exceed  twenty-five  thousand  dollars; 
board  "to  direct  what  branches  of  literature  shall  be  taught." 

O.  L.,  XXVII,  local,  152,  February  9,  1829.  Hillsborough  Academy, 
Highland  County;  William  Keys  and  six  others;  board  of  seven 
trustees ;  stock  company,  shares  five  dollars  each. 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,  local,  116,  February  22,  1830.  The  High  School  of 
Elyria,  Lorain  County;  Heman  Ely  and  four  others;  no  part  of 
the  funds  shall  be  applied  to  any  other  object  than  the  support 
of  the  high  school. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  local,  43,  January  15,  1831.  The  Woodward  High  School, 
Cincinnati ;  five  trustees ;  endowment ;  to  educate  such  children 
as  have  no  parents  living  within  the  limits  of  said  city ;  the  bene- 
fits of  this,  trust  shall  not  be  confined  to  any  religious  sect  or 
sects,  but  shall  be  open  to  all  children  coming  within  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act,  whatever  may  be  or  whatever  may  have  been 
the  religious  creed  of  their  parents. 

Amended,  January  7,  1836,  O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  27. 
SEC.  1.     Enabling  the  trustees  to  establish  a  college  depart- 
ment to  be  called  "The  Woodward  College  of  Cincinnati." 

SEC.  2.  Granting  power  to  confer  all  such  degrees  as  are 
usually  conferred  in  colleges  and  universities,  provided  that  they 
•shall  not  establish  a  medical,  law  or  theological  department. 

O.  L,  XXIX,  local,  100,  February  9,  1831.  The  Columbus  Female 
Academy;  James  Hoge  and  four  others;  three  to  five  trustees; 
stock  company,  shares  of  one  hundred  dollars  each ;  annual  in- 
come not  to  exceed  three  thousand  dollars;  to  be  employed  only 
for  literary  purposes. 


Appendix  A.  157 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  local,  137,  February  22,  1831.  The  Ashtabula  Institution 
of  Science  and  Industry;  Giles  Cowles  and  nine  others. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  79,  February  17,  1835.     Amended. 

Changing  name  to  the  "Grand  River  Institute." 

O.  Lv  XXIX,  local,  39,  February  22,  1831.  Delaware  Academy;  Ezra 
Griswold  and  eight  others ;  nine  trustees ;  income  not  to  exceed 
five  thousand  dollars;  no  part  of  such  property  to  be  applied  to 
any  banking  or  commercial  purposes. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  local,  30,  January  19,  1832.  Kinsman  Academy,  Trumbull 
County;  Isaac  Mcllvaine  and  ten  others;  property  not  to  ex- 
ceed ten  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L,  XXX,  local,  47,  January  25,  1832.  Canton  Academy;  William 
Christmas  and  nine  others;  seven  trustees;  annual  income  not 
to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars ;  no  part  to  be  applied  to  banking, 
nor  other  than  purposes  that  are  purely  literary;  to  manage  the 
academy  buildings  hereafter  erected  on  the  public  school  ground 
of  said  town  of  Canton  for  the  purpose  of  this  corporation,  and 
the  general  interest  of  education. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  local,  133,  February  19,  1833.     Repealed. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  local,  62,  January  26,  1832.  Farmington  Academy,  Trum- 
bull County ;  Theodore  Wolcott  and  four  others ;  annual  income 
not  to  exceed  two  thousand  dollars;  no  part  of  property  to  be 
used  for  other  than  literary  purposes. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  local,  111,  February  6,  1832.  Ashtabula  Academy,  Ashtabula 
County;  Mathew  Hubbard  and  seven  others;  three  to  five  trus- 
tees, stock  company,  shares  twenty-five  dollars  each;  income  not 
to  exceed  three  thousand  dollars;  property  shall  only  be  em- 
ployed for  literary  purposes. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  local,  141,  February  7,  1832.  Huron  Institute;  Ebenezer 
Andrews  and  nineteen  others;  twenty  trustees;  to  afford  in- 
struction to  the  youth  of  both  sexes  in  the  higher  branches  of 
an  English  education,  the  learned  languages,  and  the  liberal  arts 
and  sciences,  and  the  trustees  as  their  ability  shall  increase  may 
erect  a  separate  or  additional  departments  for  the  pursuit  of 
these  and  any  other  branches  of  a  polite  and  liberal  education, 
and  may  provide  the  requisite  means  for  the  employment  of  the 
students'  manual  labor  such  portion  of  their  time  as  their  health 
and  other  circumstances  may  require. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  188,  local,  February  21,  1833.  The  Chillicothe  Female 
Seminary;  John  Woodbridge  and  five  others  of  Ross  County: 
five  trustees ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  two  thousand  dol- 
lars;  property  and  funds  shall  be  converted  to  no  other  use 
than  the  promotion  of  female  education. 

t).  L.,  XXXII,  local,  177,  February  25,  1834.  The  Ravenna  Academy; 
Darius  Lemon  and  six  others ;  property  not  to  exceed  ten  thou- 
sand dollars. 


158  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  local,  223,  February  7,  1834.  Union  Academy,  Wayne 
County;  James  Snodgrass  and  nine  others. 

O.  L.  XXXII,  local,  234,  February  28,  1834.  Vinton  Academy,  Gallia 
County;  Samuel  W.  Holcomb  and  eight  others;  nine  trustees; 
stock  company,  shares  five  dollars  each. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  local,  270,  March  1,  1834.  The  Springfield  High  School, 
Clark  County;  nine  trustees;  stock  company,  shares"  ten  dollars 
each ;  property  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars ;  "said  high 
school  shall  afford  instruction  to  the  youths  of  both  sexes  in 
the  higher  branches  of  an  English  education,  or  learned  Ian- 
gauges,  or  liberal  arts  and  sciences,  and  such  other  branches 
of  a  polite  and  liberal  education  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the 
trustees";  funds  shall  never  be  appropriated  for  any  other  pur- 
pose than  that  for  which  they  were  given. 

O.  L.,  XL,  local,  114,  March  7,  1842.  Ohio  Conference  High  School. 
The  Springfield  High  School  passes  to  the  control  of  the  Ohio 
Annual  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church;  nine- 
teen trustees,  trustees  to  be  appointed  by  the  Ohio  Annual  Con- 
ference of  the  M.  E.  Church,  property  not  to  exceed  five  thou- 
sand dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  local,  333,  March  3,  1834.  The  Female  Academy  of  Mt. 
Vernon;  Hosmer  Curtis  and  nine  others;  annual  income  not  to 
exceed  five  thousand  dollars ;  funds  to  be  used  exclusively  for 
the  purposes  of  education  in  literature  and  the  arts  and  sciences; 
no  part  of  the  funds  to  be  employed  for  banking  purposes  in 
any  way  whatever. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  5,  December  17,  1834.  Stephen  Strong's  Manual 
Labor  Seminary,  Meigs  County;  seven  trustees;  instruction  of 
youth  in  the  various  branches  of  useful  knowledge;  the  rules 
and  regulations  concerning  the  admission  of  scholars  shall  give 
no  preference  on  account  of  religious  tenets  or  any  cause,  except 
good  moral  character  and  promise  of  future  usefulness;  that 
no  religious  tenets  peculiar  to  any  sect  of  Christians  shall  ever 
be  taught  or  inculcated  in  the  seminary,  provided  that  nothing* 
in  the  foregoing  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prevent  a  course 
or  moral  and  religious  instruction  such  as  is  consistent  with 
the  Christian  religion,  except  such  as  is  calculated  to  support 
sectarianism. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  21,  January  22,  1835.  The  Richmond  Classical 
Institute,  Richmond,  Jefferson  County;  Thomas  George  and 
twelve  others;  thirteen  trustees;  annual  income  not  to  exceed 
five  thousand  dollars;  property  and  funds  shall  be  used  for  no 
purpose  other  than  that  of  education. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  local,  7,  December  28,  1847.  Changing  the  name  of  the 
Richmond  Classical  Institute  to  Richmond  College. 


Appendix  A.  159 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  48,  February  12,  1835.  Kingsville  High  School, 
Ashtabula  County;  stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars  each;  said 
property  shall  be  applied  to  no  other  use  than  the  establishment 
and  maintenance  of  said  school  and  the  promotion  of  literature 
and  sciences. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  51,  February  14,  1835.  Conneaut  Academy;  Ashbel 
Dart  and  six  others ;  property  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  87,  February  19,  1835.  The  Windham  Academy; 
Hiram  Messenger  and  six  others;  income  not  to  exceed  two 
thousand  dollars  annually. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  87,  February  19,  1835.  The  Granville  Female 
Seminary;  Henry  Carr  and  eleven  others;  annual  income  not 
to  exceed  two  thousand  dollars ;  for  aiding  and  promoting 
literary  and  scientific  purposes,  and  for  the  construction  or 
purchase  of  buildings  for  said  seminary. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  112.  February  23,  1835.  Fellenburgh  Institute, 
Brunswick,  Medina  County ;  John  Berdan  and  ten  others ;  funds 
shall  be  applied  to  the  endowment,  support  and  maintenance  of 
a  seminary  of  learning. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  153,  February  27,  1835.  The  Western  Female  Sem- 
inary, Mansfield ;  Elizur  Hedges  and  eight  others ;  property  not 
to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  190,  March  5,  1835.  The  Wadsworth  Academy; 
William  Eyles  and  four  others;  property  not  to  exceed  ten 
thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  191,  March  5,  1835.  The  Academical  Institution 
of  Richfield,  Medina  County ;  Secretary  Rawson  and  four  others ; 
property  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  305,  March  7,  1835.  The  Hamilton  and  Rossville 
Female  Academy;  John  Woods  and  eight  others;  five  directors; 
stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars  each;  annual  income  not  to 
exceed  five  thousand  dollars ;  directors  have  power  to  "direct 
what  branches  of  literature  and  of  the  arts  and  sciences  shall  be 
taught;  no  part  of  the  funds  shall  be  used  for  banking". 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  321,  March  7,  1835.  The  Circleville  Female  Sem- 
inary; Guy  W.  Doan  and  seven  others. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  local,  328,  March  7,  1835.  Bishop's  Fraternal  Calvanistic 
(sic)  Baptist  Seminary ;  Samuel  G.  Bishop  and  five  others ;  prop- 
erty not  to  exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars ;  that  students  may 
pay  any  part  or  all  of  their  board  and  tuition  in  cultivating  said 
land  (one  hundred  acres)  at  a  fair  reward  for  their  labor,  as  it 
is  given  for  that  expressed  purpose  and  no  other,  and  if  circum- 
stances shall  require,  may  erect  shops  thereon  and  furnish  mate- 
rials for  mechanics  for  the  same  purpose;  also  furnish  places  for 
female  labor  —  sewing,  braiding  and  all  such  other  kinds  of 
labor  as  may  be  deemed  expedient;  no  one  shall  be  eligible  for 


160  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

the  office  of  trustee  or  president  to  superintend  the  instruction  of 
said  seminary,  unless  he  is  a  member  of  the  Calvinistic  or  Reg- 
ular Baptist  Denomination,  so-called;  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be 
so  construed  to  authorize  the  establishment  of  a  school  for  the 
practice  of  medicine;  "other  teachers  and  students  may  be  re- 
ceived without  regard  to  their  religious  tenets  provided  they  are 
of  a  moral  character,  and  be  treated  according  to  their  merit". 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  6,  December  30,  1835.  The  Universal  School  of 
Massillon ;  Alexander  McCully  and  four  others ;  funds  shall  not 
be  applied  for  any  other  than  literary  or  scientific  purposes. 

O.  L,  XXXIV,  local,  190,  February  29,  1836.  The  Putnam  Classical  In- 
stitute ;  William  H.  Beecher  and  five  others. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  242,  March  4,  1836.  The  Seneca  County  Academy; 
Samuel  Waggoner  and  six  others ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed 
two  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  242,  March  4,  1836.  The  Madison  Liberal  Institute  ; 
Ebenezer  Ward  and  four  others ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed 
$2,000.00. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  386,  March  11,  1836.  Wooster  Academy;  David 
Robinson  and  eight  others;  capital  stock  not  to  exceed  twenty- 
five  thousand  dollars;  stock  company,  shares  five  dollars;  nine 
trustees;  trustees  have  power  "to  direct  what  branches  of  litera- 
ture and  the  arts  and  sciences  shall  be  taught" ;  no  part  of  funds 
shall  ever  be  applied  for  banking  purposes. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  408,  March  12,  1836.  Shaw  Academy,  Cuyahoga 
County;  Clifford  Belden  and  sixty-nine  others;  nine  trustees; 
endowment  and  stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars  each ;  property 
not  to  exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars,  annual  income  not  to  ex- 
ceed two  thousand  dollars;  "to  afford  greater  facilities  for  the 
instruction  of  youth  in  literature  and  sciences,  and  for  the  incul- 
cating of  good  morals  on  Christian  principles". 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  458,  March  14,  1836.  The  Academy  of  Sylvania, 
Lucas  County ;  William  Wilson  and  eight  others ;  nine  trustees ; 
stock  company,  shares  five  dollars  each ;  stock  not  to  exceed 
twenty-five  thousand  dollars ;  trustees  may  "direct  what  branches 
of  literature  and  the  arts  and  sciences  shall  be  taught". 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  460,  March  14,  1836.  Granville  Academy;  Jacob 
Little  and  ten  others ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  five  thousand 
dollars;  funds  shall  never  be  used  for  banking  purposes. 

O.  L,  XXXIV,  local,  514,  March  14,  1836.  Sharon  Academy,  Medina 
County ;  Thomas  Briggs  and  five  others ;  property  not  to  exceed 
five  thousand  dollars;  proceeds  shall  be  applied  to  the  support 
of  a  school  and  to  no  other  purpose  whatever. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  545,  March  14,  1836.  Medina  Academy;  U.  H.  Peak 
and  thirty-one  others ;  stock  company ;  annual  income  not  to 
exceed  two  thousand  dollars. 


Appendix  A.  161 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  547,  March  14,  1836.  The  Cleves  Independent 
School,  Hamilton  County ;  "whereas  the  law  regulating  common 
schools  does  not  sufficiently  provide  for  schools  such  as  would 
suit  the  wishes  and  circumstances  of  the  people  in  every  section 
of  the  state,  and  that  the  citizens  of  the  village  of  Cleves  and 
vicinity  may  have  a  school  where  the  different  branches  of  educa- 
tion may  be  taught  such  as  has  been  contemplated  by  the  pro- 
visions of  the  general  school  law" ;  Stephen  Wood  and  four 
others ;  three  trustees,  a  treasurer  and  secretary. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  20,  December  30,  1836.  Middleberg  High  School, 
Portage  County ;  D.  McNaughton  and  four  others ;  five  trustees ; 
stock  company,  shares  twenty-five  dollars  each ;  annual  income 
not  to  exceed  two  thousand  dollars ;  property  not  to  exceed 
thirty  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  local,  133,  March  3,  1837.  Warren  Academy,  Trumbull 
County ;  David  Todd  with  eighteen  others ;  nine  trustees ;  stock 
company,  shares  fifty  dollars  each ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed 
five  thousand  dollars ;  funds  to  be  used  only  for  education ;  a 
seminary  of  learning  for  the  instruction  of  young  persons  of 
either  sex  in  science  and  literature. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  local,  139,  March  7,  1837.  Sheffield  Manual  Labor  In- 
stitute;  Robbins  Burrell  with  seven  others  of  Lorain  County; 
labor,  arts  and  sciences;  no  part  of  funds  shall  be  used  for 
banking  purposes. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  local,  185,  March  10,  1837.  The  Neville  Institute,  Colum- 
biana  County ;  Alexander  Young  and  eight  others ;  six  trustees 
to  be  appointed  by  the  legislature;  endowment;  annual  income 
not  to  .exceed  two  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  local,  193,  March  13,  1837.  New  Hagerstown  Academy, 
Carroll  County ;  Richard  Brown  and  thirteen  others ;  annual 
income  not  to  exceed  two  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  local,  230,,  March  14,  1837.  Berea  Seminary,  Cuyahoga 
County;  James  Giltruth  and  eleven  others;  twelve  trustees;  stock 
company;  "literary  and  manual  labor  departments". 

O.  L.  XXXV,  local,  262,  March  16,  1837.  The  Philomathean  Literary 
Institute,  Antrim,  Guernsey  County;  annual  income  not  to  exceed 
ten  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  308,  March  16,  1839.  Changing  the  name  of  The 
Philomathean  Literary  Institute  to  Madison  College. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  local,  342,  March  27,  1837.  Monroe  Seminary,  Monroe 
County;  William  Mason  and  eight  others;  nine  trustees;  stock 
company;  shares  ten  dollars  each;  property  not  to  exceed  ten 
thousand  dollars;  "That  it  shall  be  the  primary  object  of  this 
institution  to  cultivate  the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties  of  the 
youth  who  may  resort  to  it  for  instruction,  to  teach  them  the 
art  of  self-government,  and  fit  them  by  a  judicious  course  of 

Vol.  XXVII  — 11. 


162  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

moral  discipline  for  future  usefulness  and  happiness;  provided 
that  no  peculiar  tenets  of  any  religious  sect  shall  ever  he  taught 
in  such  institution  nor  shall  any  denomination  of  Christians  be 
excluded". 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  380,  local,  March  31,  1837.  Troy  Academy,  Miami  County; 
nine  trustees;  stock  company,  shares  twenty  dollars;  annual 
income  not  to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars ;  instruction  of  young 
persons  of  either  sex  in  science  and  literature ;  funds  to  be  used 
for  no  other  purpose  than  education. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  local,  406,  April  1,  1837.  New  Philadelphia  Academy, 
Tuscarawas  County ;  '  Joshua  Simons  and  ten  others ;  three  to 
five  trustees ;  stock  company,  shares  twenty  dollars  each ;  annual 
income  not  to  exceed  three  thousand  dollars ;  funds  to  be  em- 
ployed for  literary  purposes. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  local,  425,  April  3,  1837.  Massillon  Academy,  Alexander 
McCulley  and  eight  others. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  local,  511,  April  3,  1837.  The  Cleveland  Female  Seminary; 
Henry  Sexton  and  four  others;  annual  income  not  to  exceed 
five  thousand  dollars;  trustees  have  power  to  assign  professors 
and  teachers  "in  the  several  departments  of  arts,  science  and 
literature." 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  52,  February  8,  1838.  The  Akron  High  School, 
Portage  County;  Simon  Perkins  and  six  others;  seven  trustees; 
Stock  company,  shares  twenty  dollars  each ;  property  not  to 
exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars;  "it  shall  be  the  primary  object 
of  this  institution  to  cultivate  and  strengthen  the  intellectual  and 
moral  faculties  of  the  youth  who  may  resort  to  it  for  instruction" ; 
no  peculiar  tenets  of  religion  shall  be  taught  nor  any  denomina- 
tion of  Christians  be  excluded. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  98,  February  19,  1838.  Cambridge  Academy,  Guern- 
sey County ;  James  Blackett  and  seven  others ;  annual  income  not 
to  exceed  two  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  98,  February  19,  1838.  Massillon  Female  Seminary, 
Stark  County;  O.  N.  Sage  and  ten  others;  stock  company, 
shares  fifty  dollars  each;  "moral,  physical  and  intellectual  im- 
provement and  education  of  young  females". 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  157,  March  2,  1838.  The  Western  Reserve  Wesleyan 
Seminary;  Isaac  Winnans  and  twelve  others;  establishing  and 
maintaining  a  seminary  of  learning  in  the  town  of  Streetsboro. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  159,  March  2,  1838.  The  Edinbugh  Academy;  Ira 
Eddy  and  ten  others ;  establish  an  academy  in  the  township  of 
Edinburgh,  Portage  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  190,  March  5,  1838.  Wayne  Academy;  Ely  B.  Smith 
and  eight  others ;  nine  directors ;  with  power  to  increase  to 
fifteen. 


Appendix  A.  163 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  210,  March  9,  1838.  Norwalk  Female  Seminary; 
Picket  Latimer  and  nine  others ;  nine  trustees ;  stock  company, 
capital  stock  twelve  hundred  dollars  with  privilege  to  increase  to 
twenty  thousand  dollars,  shares  twenty  dollars  each ;  annual  in- 
come not  to  exceed  four  thousand  dollars;  educating  females 
only. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  223,  March  10,  1838.  Chester  Academy,  Geauga 
County;  Austin  Turner  and  four  others. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  231,  March  10,  1838.  Eaton  Academy,  Preble 
County;  five  trustees;  stock  company,  shares  twenty  dollars;  an- 
nual income  not  to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.  XXXVI,  local,  235,  March  10,  1838.  Sandusky  Academy,  Huron 
County;  Samuel  B.  Caldwell  and  twelve  others;  nine  trustees, 
stock  company,  shares  twenty  dollars ;  capital  stock  not  to  exceed 
fifty  thousand  dollars ;  funds  to  be  used  only  for  education. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  287,  March  14,  1838.  Union  Academy,  Union 
County;  Reuben  P.  Mann  and  ten  others;  eleven  trustees;  stock 
company,  shares  ten  dollars;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  five 
thousand  dollars ;  stock  shall  not  be  applied  to  banking  purposes. 

Of  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  317,  March  15,  1838.  Dover  Academy,  Tuscarawas 
County;  Wright  Warner  and  ten  others;  annual  income  not  to 
exceed  six  thousand  dollars;  funds  to  be  used  only  for  purposes 
of  education. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  362,  March  16,  1838.  Marion  Academy,  Marion 
County;  Sanford  F.  Bennett  and  nine  others;  nine  trustees;  stock 
company,  shares  ten  dollars;  stock  not  to  exceed  fifty  thousand 
dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local  49,  March  7th,  1839.  "An  act  to  regulate  in- 
corporated Literary  Societies." 

SEC.  1.  "That  all  associations  for  literary  purposes,  except 
common  schools,  colleges  and  universities,  which  the  General 
Assembly  may  hereafter  incorporate,  shall  be  regulated  as  fol- 
lows." The  persons  named  in  the  act  of  incorporation,  their 
associates,  etc.,  by  their  corporate  names  may  have  succession  for 
thirty  years.  Usual  corporate  powers,  etc. 

SEC.  2.  The  capital  stock  and  property  of  academies  shall 
not  exceed  $40,000,00;  that  of  libraries,  lyceums  and  other  lit- 
erary associations,  shall  not  exceed  $5,000.00,  unless  extended  in 
their  respective  acts  of  incorporation,  and  no  part  of  funds  shall 
ever  be  used  for  banking,  nor  shall  such  institutions  issue  certifi- 
cates of  deposit  or  drafts,  which  can  in  any  manner  be  used  as 
a  circulating  medium. 

SEC.  3.  Directors  or  trustees  shall  be  held  individually  liable 
for  all  debts  of  their  respective  associations. 


164  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

SEC.  4.  Any  future  legislature  may  alter  or  amend  any  act 
of  incorporation  granted  under  this  act  when  the  public  good 
requires  such  alteration. 

O.  L.,  XXXV1J,  local,  (J,  January  5,  1839.  Bigelow  High  School,  Xenia; 
William  Ellsberry  and  seventeen  others;  board  of  directors  of 
eighteen  members  and  the  Ohio  Annual  Conference  of  the  M.  E. 
Church  may  appoint  a  visiting  committee  of  three,  who  shall  for 
the  time  being  be  members  of  the  board;  property  not  to  exceed 
fifty  thousand  dollars;  to  afford  instruction  in  the  common 
branches  of  a  liberal  education,  and  in  the  liberal  arts  and 
sciences;  sectarian  views  of  religion  shall  not  be  inculcated. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  30,  February  1,  1839.  The  Martinsville  Academy. 
Knox  County;  William  Mitchell  and  eight  others. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  43,  February  9,  1839.  Blendon  Young  Men's  Sem- 
inary; Mathew  Westervelt  and  eleven  others;  vacancies  in  the 
board  to  be  filled  by  the  Methodist  Annual  Ohio  Conference; 
partially  by  endowment;  capital  stock  not  to  exceed  fifty  thousand 
dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  44,  February  13,  1839.  Ashland  Academy,  Richland 
County;  John  P.  Reznor  and  eight  others;  three  trustees;  stock 
company,  shares  ten  dollars  each ;  stock  not  to  exceed  thirty 
thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  79,  February  26,  1839.  Western  Reserve  Teachers' 
Seminary ;  Timothy  Rockwell  and  ten  others ;  twelve  trustees ; 
property  not  to  exceed  fifty  thousand  dollars;  education  of 
youth  and  preparation  of  teachers ;  trustees  shall  issue  no 
circulating  medium  and  shall  be  individually  liable  for  debts. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  80,  February  27,  1839.  Oxford  Female  Academy; 
John  W.  Scott  and  six  others ;  seven  trustees ;  property  not  to 
exceed  ten  thousand  dollars ;  education  of  females  in  the  town 
of  Oxford. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  109,  March  5,  1839.  Asbury  Seminary,  Chagrin 
Falls;  John  K.  Halleck  and  twenty-nine  others. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  141,  March  9,  1839.  Worthington  Female  Seminary ; 
William  Bishop  and  ten  others ;  stock  company,  shares  twer.ty- 
five  dollars;  controlled  partially  by  the  M.  E.  Church,  and 
partially  local. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  155,  March  9,  1839.  The  Universalist  Institute, 
Ohio  City ;  Richard  Lord  and  eight  others ;  a  board  of  trustees ; 
stock  company,  shares  five  dollars ;  no  rules  of  a  sectarian  charac- 
ter either  in  religion  or  politics  shall  be  adopted. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  156,  March  9,  1839.  Parkman  Academy,  Geauga 
County;  J.  P.  Converse  and  six  others. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  172,  March  12,  1839.  The  Barnesville  Male 
Academy,  Belmont  County ;  Isaac  Hoover  and  twelve  others ; 
thirteen  trustees ;  stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars ;  capital 


Appendix  A.  165 

stock  not  to  exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars;  property  to  be 
used  only  for  education;  to  cultivate  and  train  the  intellectual 
faculties  of  the  youth  who  may  resort  to  it  for  instruction,  and 
'rigorously  to  discountenance  the  inculcation  of  the  peculiar 
tenets  of  any  Christian  sect  or  denomination. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  222,  March  13,  1839.  The  Brooklyn  Center 
Academy;  Joseph  Weller  and  fifteen  others;  annual  income  not 
to  exceed  three  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  254,  March  16,  1839.  Auglaize  Seminary,  Wapa- 
koneta;  William  Stockdale  and  twelve  others;  property  not  to 
exceed  fifty  thousand  dollars ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  five 
thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  255,  March  16,  1839.  Lithopolis  Academy;  Samuel 
L.  Wilson  and  twelve  others';  property  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand 
dollars ;  no  part  to  be  used  for  banking. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  257,  March  16,  1839.  Meigs  County  High  School 
and  Teachers'  Institute;  Samuel  Halliday  and  seventeen  others; 
twenty  trustees ;  stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars ;  annual  in- 
come not  to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars;  "to  afford  great 
facilities  for  the  instruction  of  youth  in  literature  and  science, 
and  for  the  inculcating  of  good  morals";  incorporation  shall  in 
no  wise  engage  in  the  business  of  banking. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  262,  March  16,  1839.  Mount  Pleasant  Boarding 
School;  John  Benjamin  Hoyle  and  three  others;  thirteen  directors 
appointed  by  the  Friends  of  Ohio ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed 
five  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  283,  March  16,  1839.  Cuyahoga  Falls  Institute; 
Boswell  Brooks  and  four  others ;  property  shall  be  devoted  to 
the  purposes  of  education. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  291,  March  16,  1839.  Ravenna  Female  Seminary; 
board  of  twelve  trustees ;  property  not  to  exceed  fifty  thousand 
dollars ;  to  afford  instruction  in  the  arts  and  sciences. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  344,  March  16,  1839.  New  Hagerstown  Female 
Seminary ;  Richard  Brown  and  eight  others ;  seven  trustees ; 
capital  stock  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  local,  29,  January  29,  1840.  Bascom  Seminary  of 
Waynesburgh;  Daniel  Schaeffer  and  seven  others;  stock  com- 
pany, shares  twenty-five  dollars  each ;  capital  stock  ten  thousand 
dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  local,  127,  March  12,  1840.  Greenfield  Institute,  Huron 
County ;  Jonas  Childs  and  five  others ;  promoting  and  encouraging 
education. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  local,  127,  March  12,  1840.  Streetsborough  High  School ; 
John  E.  Jackson  and  ten  others ;  stock  company,  shares  five 
dollars  each ;  promoting  and  encouraging  education ;  capital  stock 
not  to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars. 


166  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  local,  155,  March  17,  1840.  Willoughby  Female 
Academy ;  Jonathan  Lapham  and  five  others ;  annual  income 
not  to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L,  XXXVIII,  local,  155,  March  17,  1840.  Protestant  Methodist 
Academy  of  Brighton;  Joseph  Williams  and  five  others;  funds 
shall  be  exclusively  applied  to  the  education  of  literature  and 
the  arts  and  sciences. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  local,  51,  March  20,  1841;  Edinburgh  Academy,  Wayne 
County;  John  Andrews  and  seven  others. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  local,  62,  March  20,  1841.  Burlington  Academy,  Law- 
rence county;  Elijah  Frampton  and  thirteen  others. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  local,  65,  March  20,  1841.  Athens  Female  Academy;  E. 
G.  Carpenter  and  nine  others ;  act  to  become  null  and  void  if  the 
company  do  not  organize  within  five  years. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  local,  125,  March  27,  1841.  Canton  Male  Seminary,  Stark 
County ;  William  Fogle  and  eight  others ;  seven  trustees,  three 
to  be  elected  by  the  Evangelical  Congregation. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  local,  134,  March  27,  1841.  Middletown  Academy  and 
Library  Association,  Butler  County ;  Francis  J.  Titus  and  four 
others. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  local,  134,  March  27,  1841.  Gustavus  Academy,  Trumbull 
County;  Philo  Gates  and  eight  others;  act  shall  be  null  and 
void  if  the  academy  fails  to  organize  within  five  years. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  local,  134,  March  27,  1841.  Kinsman  Academy,  Trumbull 
County;  John  Kinsman  and  eight  others. 

O.  L.,  XL,  Iqcal,  86,  March  5,  1842.  Pine  Grove  Academy  in  Porter; 
Stephan  Sinon  and  four  others. 

O.  L.,  XL,  local,  116,  March  7,  1842.  Canaan  Union  Academy;  Jonas 
Notestone  and  four  others. 

O.  L.,  XL,  local,  117,  March  7,  1842.  Tallmadge  Academical  Institute, 
Summit  County;  Asaph  Whittlesey  and  seven  others;  president 
and  six  directors;  stock  company,  shares  five  dollars  each,  prop- 
erty not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars ;  instruction  in  the  higher 
branches  of  education  of  males  or  females  or  both. 

O.  L.,  XL,  local,  119,  March  7,  1842.    Bath  High  School,  Summit  County. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  local,  14,  January  11,  1843.  New  Lisbon  Academy,  Columbiana 
County ;  Fisher  A.  Blocksom  and  fourteen  others. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  local,  46,  January  25,  1843.  St.  Mary's  Female  Educational 
Institute  of  Cincinnati ;  Hortense  Monseau  and  five  other  women. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  local,  62,  February  9,  1843.  Maumee  City  Academy,  Lucas 
County;  John  E.  Hunt  and  nine  others. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  local,  127,  March  7,  1843.  Lebanon  Academy,  Warren  County ; 
Daniel  Vorhees  and  four  others;  five  trustees;  stock  company, 
shares  ten  dollars ;  property  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars ; 
"maintenance  of  an  academy  for  instruction  in  the  various 
branches  of  education  of  males  and  females". 


Appendix  A.  167 

O.  L.,  XLII,'  local,  80,  February  9,  1844.  Lebanon  Academy ;  J.  Martin 
Williams,  Thomas  Corwin  and  six  others;  twelve  trustees-;  stock 
company,  .shares  twenty  dollars ;  property  not  to  exceed  twenty 
thousand  dollars;  no  funds  to  be  used  in  banking;  "to  educate 
males  and  females  in  the  higher  branches  of  learning  than  are 
usually  taught  in  the  common  schools  of  the  county,  and  to  in- 
struct them  in  the  elements  of  morality  and  the  great  truths  of 
the  Christian  religion" ;  the  particular  tenets  or  creed  of  any  par- 
ticular sect  shall  never  be  taught. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  local,  148,  March  10,  1843.  Oakland  Female  Seminary  of 
Hillsboro;  Joseph  J.  Mathews  and  ten  others;  nine  trustees; 
stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed 
two  thousand  dollars ;  stock  not  to  exceed  six  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  local,  107,  February  26,  1844.  West  Lodi  Academy,  Seneca, 
County;  John  Carey  and  nine  others. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  local,  115,  March  4,  1844.  Franklin  Academy,  Portage 
County;  Thomas  Earl  and  twelve  others;  buildings  not  to  exceed 
ten  thousand  dollars ;  "to  establish  an  academy  and  to  promote 
and  afford  therein,  both  to  males  and  females,  instruction  in  the 
usual  branches  ot  a  sound,  practical  and  liberal  education,  and  in 
the  languages,  arts  and  sciences". 

O.  L.,  XLII,  local,  178,  March  12,  1844.  Salem  Academy,  Ross  County; 
Hugh  S.  Fullerton  and  four  others. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  local,  184,  March  12,  1844.  Lorain  Institute ;  Robert  Cochran 
and  six  others;  board  of  trustees;  to  afford  instruction  in  litera- 
ture, arts  and  sciences. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  local,  191,  March  12,  1844.  Waynesville  Academy,  Warren 
County;  Burrell  Goode  and  eleven  others;  to  establish  an  acad- 
emy and  promote  and  afford  therein,  both  to  males  and  females, 
instruction  in  the  usual  branches  of  a  sound,  practical  and  liberal 
education,  and  in  the  languages,  arts  and  sciences. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  local,  210,  March  12,  1844.  Keene  Academy,  Coshocton 
County;  Robert  Farewell  and  four  others;  to  establish  an  acad- 
emy and  to  promote  and  afford  therein,  both  to  male  and  fe- 
males, instruction  in  the  usual  branches  of  a  sound,  practical  and 
liberal  education,  and  in  the  languages,  arts  and  sciences ;  build- 
ings not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  12,  January  9,  1845.  Tallmadge  Academical  Institute, 
Summit  County;  Samuel  L.  Bronson  and  four  others;  four 
directors ;  stock  company,  shares  twenty-five  dollars  each ;  prop- 
erty not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars;  the  maintenance  of  an 
academy  for  instruction  in  the  higher  branches  of  education,  both 
for  males  and  females. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  16,  January  15,  1845.  Bedford  Seminary,  Cuyahoga 
County ;  E.  H.  Holly  and  eleven  others ;  twelve  directors  and  a 
president ;  stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars ;  property  not  to 


168  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

exceed  twenty-five  thousand  dollars;  to  maintain  an  institution 
for  the  instruction  of  youth  in  the  various  classes  of  education. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  39,  January  23,  1845.  Cincinnati  Classical  Academy; 
Elbert  T.  Bledsoe  and  two  others ;  a  rector  and  five  or  more 
trustees;  capital  stock  not  to  exceed  fifty  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  42,  January  29,  1845.  Name  changed  to  St.  John's 
College. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  65,  February  6,  1845.  Columbus  Academical  and  Col- 
legiate Institute;  H.  M.  Hubbell  and  nineteen  others;  twenty 
trustees;  to  afford  instruction  in  literature  and  in  the  arts  and 
sciences;  not  to  confer  collegiate  honors  or  degrees  until  ten 
thousand  dollars  property  shall  be  acquired. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  75,  February  10,  1845.  Aurora  Academy  and  Institute, 
Portage  County;  John  E.  Jackson;  nine  trustees;  stock  company, 
shares  ten  dollars;  stock  not  to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  87,  February  10,  1845.  Cooper  Female  Academy  in 
Dayton;  Samuel  Forrer  and  five  others  including  Robert  W. 
Steele;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars;  trus- 
tees may  direct  what  branches  of  literature  and  the  arts  and 
sciences  shall  be  taught. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  84,  February  10,  1845.  Akron  Institute ;  Samuel  Per- 
kins and  six  others ;  seven  trustees ;  stock  company,  shares  twenty 
dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  121,  February  26,  1845.  Rocky  River  Seminary;  Rob- 
ert Cochran  and  ten  others ;  literature,  arts  and  sciences. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  203,  March  4,  1845.  Findlay  Academical  Institute, 
Hancock  County ;  J.  Hughing  and  eight  others ;  nine  trustees ; 
stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars ;  stock  not  to  exceed  fifty 
thousand  dollars;  shall  not  contract  debts  beyond  the  amount 
of  the  capital  stock  subscribed. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  229,  March  4,  1845.  The  Vermillion  Institute;  Har- 
rison Armstrong  and  fifteen  others;  ten  trustees;  stock  company, 
shares  twenty  dollars;  property  not  to  exceed  fifty  thousand 
dollars;  to  educate  males  and  females  in  letters  and  the  sciences, 
and  to  instruct  them  in  the  elements  of  morality  and  the  great 
truths  of  the  Christian  religion;  no  part  to  be  used  in  banking; 
the  tenets  or  creed  of  any  particular  sect  shall  never  be  taught. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  289,  March  8,  1845.  Cottage  Hills  Academy  in 
Ellsworth ;  William  Bottum  and  eight  others ;  nine  directors ; 
stock  company ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand 
dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  292,  March  8,  1845.  The  Normal  High  School,  Carroll 
County ;  Joseph  Cable  and  eight  others  ;  property  not  to  exceed 
ten  thousand  dollars ;  "the  promotion  of  a  highly  moral  and 
intellectual  education  in  languages,  arts  and  sciences  upon  the 
normal  plan" ;  a  failure  to  organize  said  school  within  one  year 


Appendix  A.  169 

or  to  operate  the  school  for  the  space  of  one  year  at  one  time 
shall  act  as  a  forfeiture. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  384,  March  12,  1845.  The  London  Academy,  Mason 
County ;  Patrick  McLane  and  two  others ;  three  to  seven  trustees ; 
stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars  each;  capital  stock  twenty 
thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  409,  March  12,  1845.  West  Jefferson  Academical 
Institute,  Madison  County.  James  Burnham  and  eighteen  others ; 
nine  trustees ;  stock  company,  shares  five  dollars  each ;  capital 
stock  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  local,  4,  December  20,  1845.  Baldwin  Institute,  Middle- 
burgh;  Thomas  Thompson  and  twelve  others;  trustees  appointed 
by  the  North  Ohio  Conference  of  the  M.  E.  Church;  annual 
income  not  to  exceed  three  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLIV,  local,  107,  February  14,  1846.  Loudonville  Academy,  Rich- 
land  County;  C.  N.  Haskell  and  six  others. 

O.  L.,  XLIV,  local,  122,  February  19,  1846.  Norwalk  Institute ;  Joseph 
Lowry  and  four  others ;  property  shall  not  be  devoted  to  any 
other  purpose. 

O.  L.,  XLIV,  local,  236,  Febraury  28,  1846.  Liverpool  Seminary,  Colum- 
biana  County ;  Alexander  R.  Young  and  twenty-five  others ;  nine 
trustees ;  stock  company,  shares  five  dollars ;  stock  not  to  exceed 
ten  thousand  dollars ;  instruction  shall  not  be  confined  or 
restricted  to  pupils  of  any  separate  sect  or  denomination  of 
religion. 

O.  L.,  XLV,  local,  99,  February  8,  1847.  Mansfield  Academical  Institute, 
Mordecai  Bartley  and  nine  others. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  local,  114,  February  11,  1848.  The  Xenia  Academy;  David 
Medsker  and  seven  others;  seven  directors;  stock  company, 
shares  twenty  dollars  each;  stock  not  to  exceed  twenty-five 
thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  local,  126,  February  14,  1848.  Richland  Academic  Institute ; 
Logan  County;  Reverend  G.  G.  Page  and  eight  others. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  local,  135,  February  14,  1848.  The  Felicity  Female  Seminary, 
Clermont  County;  Robert  Chalfert  and  fourteen  others;  three 
trustees ;  stock  company,  shares  twenty-five  dollars  each ;  stock 
not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars;  that  instruction  in  said 
seminary  shall  not  be  confined  or  restricted  to  pupils  of  any 
separate  sect  or  denomination  of  religion. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  local,  238,  February  23,  1849.  Oxford  Female  Institute, 
Butler  County;  Herman  B.  Mayo  and  eight  others;  nine  trustees; 
stock  company,  shares  twenty  dollars  each;  real  property  not  to 
exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars;  capital  stock  not  to  exceed 
twenty-five  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  local,  241,  February  28,  1849.  Miller  Academy  in  Wash- 
ington ;  John  E.  Alexander  and  five  others ;  the  Presbytery  of 


170  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

Zanesville  in  connection  with  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  and  a  board  of  five  trustees;  real  property  not 
to  exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  local,  618,  March  23,  1850.  Under  control  of  the  Zanes- 
ville Presbytery  in  connection  with  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
Old  School  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  local,  243,  March  8,  1849.  Pomeroy  Academy,  Meigs 
County;  Charles  R.  Pomeroy  and  six  others. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  local,  263,  February  17,  1849 ;  Springfield  Female  Seminary, 
Clark  County;  J.  S.  Galloway  and  eight  others;  nine  directors 
chosen .  by  the  Miami  Presbytery ;  stock  company,  shares  ten 
dollars  each ;  stock  not  to  exceed  fifty  thousand  dollars ;  litera- 
ture and  the  arts  and  sciences  as  directed  by  the  board. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  local,  273,  March  9,  1849.  Cadiz  High  School;  Jonathan 
Dewey  and  six  others;  three  trustees;  stock  company,  shares 
fifty,  dollars  each;  property  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars; 
all  the  necessary  and  useful  branches  of  a  thorough  and  liberal 
education. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  local,  280,  March  22,  1849.  Mansfield  Female  Seminary, 
Richland  County;  James  Johnson  and  seven  others;  five  di- 
rectors; stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars;  capital  stock  not  to 
exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars;  literature  and  the  arts  and 
sciences  as  directed  by  the  board. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  local,  284,  March  28,  1849.  Mount  Pleasant  Academy,  Ross 
County;  Timothy  Stearns  and  four  others;  seven  directors;  stock 
company,  shares  ten  dollars;  capital  stock  not  to  exceed  twenty 
thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  local,  614,  February  14,  1850.  Elliott  Female  Seminary; 
Hugh  Elliot  and  fourteen  others;  fifteen  directors;  capital  stock 
not  to  exceed  thirty  thousand  dollars ;  literature  and  the  arts  and 
sciences  as  directed  by  the  board. 

O.  L,  XLVIII,  local,  617,  March  21,  1850.  Vinton  High  School,  Gallia 
County;  Herman  Wilkins  and  four  others;  a  board  of  three 
trustees;  stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars;  property  not  tc 
exceed  ten  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  local,  625,  March  23,  1850.  Defiance  Female  Seminary, 
Defiance  County;  Sidney  S.  Sprague  and  five  others;  five  trus- 
tees ;  stock  company,  shares  twenty-five  dollars  each ;  stock  'not 
to  exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars ;  instruction  shall  never  be 
confined  or  restricted  to  pupils  of  any  separate  sect  or  denomi- 
nation. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  local,  627,  March  1,  1850.  Western  Reserve  Eclectic  In- 
stitute ;  George  Paw  and  eleven  others ;  stock  company,  shares 
twenty-five  dollars  each ;  stock  not  to  exceed  sixty  thousand  dol- 
lars;  the  instruction  of  youth  of  both  sexes  in  the  various 


Appendix  A.  171 

branches  of  literature  and  sciences,  especially  the  moral  sciences 
based  upon  the  facts  and  truths  of  the  Holy  Scriptures. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  local,  630,  March  21,  1850.  Tiffin  Academy,  Seneca 
County ;  Henry  Elbert  and  twenty-two  others ;  seven  trustees ; 
stock  company,  shares  twenty  dollars  each. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  local,  636,  March  22,  1850.  Xenia  Female  Academy; 
Thomas  C.  Wright  and  eleven  others ;  nine  trustees ;  stock  com- 
pany, shares  fifty  dollars  each ;  real  property  not  to  exceed  twenty 
thousand  dollars ;  capital  stock  twenty-five  dollars  each ;  the  arts 
and  sciences  and  all  necessary  and  useful  branches  of  a  thorough 
and  useful  education  such  as  may  be  taught  in  the  best  female 
colleges  and  academies. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  local,  639,  March  23,  1850.  Hartford  High  School,  Trum- 
bull  County;  Seth  Hayes  and  eight  others;  five  trustees. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  local,  639,  March  22,  1850.  Soeurs  de  Notre  Dame  Female 
Educational  Institute,  Chillicothe,  Ross  County;  Julia  Van  Balton 
and  four  others  (women). 

SCHOOL  ASSOCIATIONS. 

O.  L.,  XVI,  local,  157,  January  29,  1818.  The  Union  School  Association 
of  the  town  of  Harpersfield  and  Madison ;  James  A.  Harper 
and  twelve  others ;  officers  elected  by  the  corporation ;  stock 
company,  shares  ten  dollars,  not  to  exceed  seven  hundred  in 
number ;  property  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars ;  not  to 
be  used  for  banking. 

O.  L.,  XXII,  local,  106,  February  21,  1824.  The  Milford  Union  School 
Society,  Milford,  Clermont  County;  James  MacDonald  and 
twenty-five  others ;  five  trustees ;  stock  company,  shares  twenty 
dollars  each. 

O.  L.,  XXII,  local,  109,  February  10,  1824.  The  Jefferson  School  Associa- 
tion ;  Timothy  Hawley  and  eleven  others ;  four  trustees  and  a 
president ;  stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars  each ;  property 
shall  not  exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXIII,  local  44,  January  28,  1825.  The  Literary  Society  of  St. 
Joseph's ;  John  A.  Hill  and  three  others  ;  annual  income  not  to 
exceed  twelve  thousand  dollars ;  to  erect  and  establish  an  academy 
at  St.  Joseph's  in  Perry  County,  an  academy  in  Cincinnati,  and 
an  academy  at  Canton  in  Stark  County;  funds  not  to  be  used 
for  any  other  than  literary  purposes. 

O.  L.,  XXIV,  local,  92,  February  7,  1826.  Mesopotamia  Central  School 
Society;  confirming  incorporation  under  the  general  law  be- 
cause of  doubts  as  to  the  constitutionality  of  said  law. 

O.  L.,  XXVI,  local,  67.  January  29,  1828.  The  Cosher  School  Associa- 
tion, Logan  County;  Hardin  Brown  and  four  others. 


172  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXVII,  local,  131,  February  12,  1829.  The  trustees  of  the  Colum- 
bus Presbytery;  twelve  trustees;  annual  income  not  to  exceed 
three  thousand  dollars;  for  the  sole  purpose  of  establishing  and 
supporting  an  academy  and  of  carrying  into  effect  such  benevo- 
lent, literary  or  religious  plans  as  may  be  connected  therewith. 

O.  L.,  XXVII,  local,  147,  February  11,  1829.  The  Education  Society  of 
Painesville,  Geauga  County;  Isaac  Gillett  and  eight  others;  stock 
company,  shares  ten  dollars  each  (by  an  amendment  of  February 
24,  1835)  ;  to  establish  an  academy  or  other  seminary  of  learning. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  local,  42,  January  12,  1831.  Brecksville  Academical  Asso- 
ciation, Cuyahoga  County;  Isaac  M.  Gorman  and  four  others. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  local,  74,  December  17,  1832.  The  St.  Mary's  Female  Lit- 
erary Society,  Elizabeth  Sansberry  and  three  others  of  Perry 
County ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  three  thousand  dollars ; 
property  of  said  society  shall  be  converted  to  no  other  uses  other 
than  the  promotion  of  female  education. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  local,  46,  January  30,  1834.  The  German  Lutheran  Sem- 
inary of  the  German  Lutheran  Synod  of  Ohio  and  adjacent 
states ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars ;  that 
the  funds  of  the  corporation  shall  never  be  used  or  employed  for 
any  other  purpose  than  the  promotion  of  religion,  morality  and 
learning. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  402,  March  1,  1836.  The  North  Union  School  As- 
sociation of  Carroll  County;  Jacob  Everhart  with  seven  others; 
money  and  funds  of  corporation  shall  be  applied  exclusively  to 
the  payment  of  a  teacher  and  furnishing  fuel  for  the  school,  and 
to  no  other  purpose  whatever  except  the  purchase  of  a  lot,  the 
erection  of  a  school  building  and  dwelling  house  for  a  teacher. 
Amended  March  12,  1844.  Vol.  XLII,  local,  221.  Authorizing 
said  association  to  keep  open  four  public  schools  and  no  more, 
and  to  own  and  equip  four  school-houses,  and  to  draw  a  fair 
and  equal  proportion  of  the  school  funds  of  the  county. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  local,  411,  March  12,  1836.  Rome  Academical  Company; 
three  trustees;  property  not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  local,  3,  December  17,  1836.  The  Springborough  School 
Company,  Warren  County;  Joseph  Stanton  and  eight  others; 
three  trustees;  stock  company,  shares  five  dollars  each;  annual 
income  not  to  exceed  three  thousand  dollars;  capital  stock  five 
hundred  to  five  thousand  dollars ;  to  promote  the  organization  of 
useful  knowledge  and  a  sound  practical  education. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  local,  107,  February  23,  1838.  High  Falls  Primary  Insti- 
tute in  Chagrin  Falls,  Cuyahoga  and  Geauga  Counties ;  twelve 
trustees ;  property  not  to  exceed  fifteen  thousand  dollars ;  educa- 
tion of  youth  is  the  exclusive  object  of  this  corporation  and  its 
funds  shall  be  exclusively  devoted  to  the  promotion  of  this  object 


Appendix  A.  173 

O.  L,  XXXVI,  local,  371,  March  17,  1838.  Newark  Association  for  the 
Promotion  of  Education ;  Asa  Beckwith  and  twenty  others ; 
twenty-one  directors;  stock  company,  shares  ten  to  fifty  dollars; 
stock  not  to  exceed  twenty-five  thousand  dollars;  "the  object  of 
this  corporation  is  to  establish  a  high  school  with  suitable  houses 
and  means  of  instruction  for  the  education  of  both  males  and 
females". 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  166,  March  12,  1839.  Monroe  Academical  Associa 
tion ;  David  Kirkbridge  and  six  others ;  three  trustees  and  a 
president ;  stock  company,  shares  fifty  dollars ;  annual  income  not 
to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars ;  "to  cultivate  and  strengthen  the 
intellectual  and  moral  faculties  of  the  youth  who  may  resort  to 
it  for  instruction,  to  teach  them  the  art  of  self-government  and 
to  fit  them  by  a  judicious  course  of  moral  discipline  for  virtue, 
usefulness  and  happiness". 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  local,  169,  March  12,  1839.  The  Harveysburgh  High 
School  Company,  Warren  County;  property  not  to  exceed  ten 
thousand  dollars ;  to  establish  a  high  school  and  to  promote  and 
afford  therein  instruction  in  the  usual  branches  of  a  sound,  prac- 
tical and  liberal  education,  and  in  the  languages,  arts  and 
sciences. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX  local,  11,  January  29,  1841.  The  Cincinnati  New  Jerusa- 
lem Church  School  Association ;  Jacob  L.  Wayne  and  nine 
others ;  five  trustees ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  five  thousand 
dollars ;  not  to  issue  any  circulating  medium  or  exercise  any 
banking  privilege;  to  establish  and  carry  forward  a  school  in  the 
city  of  Cincinnati,  wherein  may  be  taught  all  branches  of  litera- 
ture and  science. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  local,  103,  March  27,  1841.  Berkshire  Education  Society, 
Delaware  County ;  David  Prince  and  three  others. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  local,  85,  February  17,  1843.  Western  Reserve  Free  Will  Bap- 
tist Academical  Society;  S.  B.  Philbrick  and  nine  others;  pro- 
moting and  encouraging  education ;  if  the  managers  shall  receive 
blacks  and  mulattoes  into  the  same  upon  equality  with  white 
persons  it  shall  work  a  forfeiture  of  all  the  powers  hereby 
granted. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  local,  60,  February  15,  1844.  The  Sylvania  High  School 
Company,  Lucas  County ;  John  P.  Pease  and  three  others ;  prop- 
erty not  to  exceed  ten  thousand  dollars;  the  establishment  of  a 
high  school  and  to  promote  and  afford  therein  instruction  in 
the  usual  branches  of  a  sound,  practical  and  liberal  education  and 
in  the  languages,  arts  and  sciences. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  local,  163,  March  12,  1844.  The  Western  Reserve  Free  Will 
Baptist  Education  Society;  S.  B.  Philbrick  and  nine  others;  pro- 
moting and  encouraging  education  and  sustaining  the  Western 
Reserve  Manual  Labor  Seminary  in  Chester. 


174  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XLIV,  local,  161,  February  23,  1846.  Madison  Education  Society; 
Joshua  Harkwell  and  eight  others ;  nine  trustees ;  stock  company, 
shares  twenty  dollars. 

ACTS   CONCERNING   HIGHER   INSTITUTIONS 

COLLEGES,    UNIVERSITIES    AND    THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARIES. 

Ohio  University. 

Territorial  Acts,  Nashee's  Compilation,  Page  219,  December  18,  1799. 
Resolution  that  Rufus  Putnam,  Ives  Kleeman,  Jonathan  Stone, 
Esqs.,  be  requested  to  lay  off  in  Townships  8  and  9  in  Washing- 
ton County  a  town  plat  with  a  square  far  the  colleges,  lots  for 
the  president  and  professors,  tutors,  etc.,  bordering  on  or  en- 
circled by  spacious  commons. 

Territorial  Acts,  Nashee's  Compilation,  Page  220,  January  9,  1802.  An 
act  establishing  a  University  in  the  town  of  Athens. 

SEC.  1.  That  there  shall  be  a  university  instituted  and  estab- 
lished in  the  town  of  Athens  by  the  name  and  style  of  the  Amer- 
ican Western  University,  for  the  instruction  of  youth  in  all 
branches  of  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences,  for  the  promotion  of 
good  education,  virtue,  religion  and  morality,  and  for  conferring 
of  the  degrees  and  literary  honors  granted  in  similar  institutions. 
SEC.  2.  Creating  a  body  politic. 

SEC.  3.  Appointing  the  Honorable  Rufus  Putnam,  Joseph 
Kleeman,  Return- Jonathan  Meigs  and  seven  others;  created  a 
body  politic. 

SEC.  11.  Vesting  Townships  8  and  9  granted  by  Congress  in 
said  corporation  forever. 

SEC.  18.  The  legislature  may  grant  further  powers  or  alter 
limit  or  restrain  any  of  the  powers  by  this  vested  in  this  cor- 
poration. 

O.  L.,  I,  148,  April  16,  1803.  Resolution  appointing  three  commissioners 
to  appraise  the  college  townships  in  Washington  Township. 

O.  L.,  II,  193,  February  18,  1804. 

SEC.  2.  Creating  a  body  politic  and  corporate  by  the  name 
and  style  of  the  President  and  Trustees  of  the  Ohio  University, 
to  consist  of  the  Governor  of  the  state,  the  President,  and  not 
more  than  fifteen  nor  less  than  ten  trustees. 

SEC.  8.  Vacancies  caused  by  death  shall  be  filled  at  the  next 
meeting  of  the  legislature. 

SEC.  9.  The  faculty  shall  direct  and  cause  to  be  holden 
quarterly  in  every  year  a  public  examination,  at  which  time  the 
faculty  shall  attend,  when  each  class  of  the  students  shall  be 
examined  relative  to  the  proficiency  they  shall  have  made  in  the 
particular  arts  and  sciences  or  branches  of  education  in  which 
they  shall  have  been  instructed. 


Appendix  A.  175 

SEC.  13.  Directing  the  trustees  to  lay  oft  the  town  of  Athens 
conformably  to  a  plan  made  out  by  Rufus  Putnam  and  others. 

SEC.  14.  Providing  that  the  annual  rents  and  profits  shall 
be  appropriated  to  the  endowment  of  the  University. 

SEC.  17.  Exempting  the  lands  in  the  two  townships  appro- 
priated, together  with  the  buildings,  from  all  state  taxes. 

O.  L.,  Ill,  79,  February  21,  1805.  Amendatory,  providing  for  appraising 
and  leasing  the  land  in  the  two  college  townships  for  ninety-nine 
years,  renewable  forever.  No  land  to  be  valued  for  less  than 
one  dollar  and  seventy-five  cents  per  acre. 

O.  L.,  V,  85,  Jan.  23,  1807.  Amendatory,  authorizing  ihe  trustees  to  lease 
the  appraised  lots  that  have  been  appraised  at  less  than  one  dol- 
lar and  seventy-five  cents. 

O.  L.,  VII,  167,  February  15,  1809.  Sec.  2.  Trustees  shall  have  power 
until  the  year  1811  to  receive  articles  or  produce  from  the 
lessees  in  payment  of  rent. 

O.  L.,  XVI,  37,  December  29,  1817.  An  act  to  authorize  the  drawing  of 
a  lottery  for  the  benefit  of  the  Ohio  University. 

"WHEREAS  the  diffusion  of  science  and  literature  has  ever 
been  found  to  be  auspicious  to  the  interests  of  liberty  and  the 
purity  and  permanence  of  republican  institutions :" 

SEC.  1.  Seven  commissioners  are  authorized  to  raise  by  lot- 
tery a  sum  not  to  exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars  to  defray 
the  expenses  of  building  a  college  edifice  and  to  purchase  a 
library  and  suitable  mathematical  and  philosophical  apparatus. 

O  L.,  XXIII,  19,  February  25,  1825.  An  act  for  the  better  regulation  of 
the  Medical  College  of  Ohio  and  making  certain  appropriations 
therein  named. 

SEC.  7.  That  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  be  appropri- 
ated for  the  use  of  the  Ohio  University  to  be  paid  out  of  the 
lottery  fund  and  to  be  applied  by  direction  of  the  trustees  for 
the  purpose  of  paying  any  debts  that  may  have  been  contracted 
for  the  purchase  of  philosophical  apparatus  or  for  any  addition 
to  the  Library. 

O.  L.,  XXVII,  8,  January  10,  1829.  Amendatory,  the  Board  of  Trustees 
shall  report  annually  to  the  Auditor  of  State  the  amount  of 
money  arising  from  the  sale  of  lands  situated  in  the  College 
Township;  when  the  money  is  deposited  with  the  Treasurer  of 
State  it  shall  be  placed  to  the  credit  of  the  Ohio  University. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  643,  March  7,  1836.  WHEREAS  by  a  resolution  of  January 
30,  1827,  it  is  made  the  duty  of  the  President  and  Trustees  of 
the  Ohio  University  annually  to  report  the  condition  of  said 
University : 

Resolved,  That  the  President  and  Trustees  of  the  Ohio  Uni- 
versity be  required  to  report  to  the  legislature  a  statement  of  the 
condition  of  said  University. 


176  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  543,  January  12,  1837.  "WHEREAS  the  legislature  of  this 
state  do  possess  a  controlling  power  over  the  officers  of  the  Ohio 
University,  and  whereas  no  report  can  be  found  on  the  files  of 
this  legislature  made  by  the  President  and  Trustees  of  said 
University" : 

Requiring  a  report  on  the  total  amount  of  revenue  and  its 
source,  amount  of  disbursements  and  thtf  purpose,  state  of  build- 
ings, amount  of  debts  due,  to  whom  and  for  what  expended,  the 
number  of  professors  engaged,  the  branches  of  literature  and 
science  taught  by  each,  and  a  list  of  the  number  of  students  in 
each  year  commencing  with  the  first  day  of  April,  1826  to  the 
first  day  of  January,  1837,  inclusive. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  205,  March  7,  1838,  An  act  providing  for  a  loan  to  the 
Ohio  University. 

SEC.  1.  Authorizing  the  Commissioners  of  the  Canal  Fund 
to  loan  from  the  sinking  fund  five  thousand  dollars  to  the  Ohio 
University  ta  be  paid  back  in  annual  instalments  of  one  thou- 
sand dollars  each,  interest  at  six  per  cent. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  44,  March  10,  1843.  An  act  to  declare  the  true  intent  and 
meaning  of  the  first  section  of  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  amend 
an  act  entitled  an  act  to  establish  a  university  in  the  town  of 
Athens,  passed  February  21,  1805." 

SEC.  1.  "That  it  is  the  true  intent  and  meaning  of  said  act 
that  the  leases  granted  under  said  act  and  the  one  to  which  that 
was  an  amendment  should  not  be  subject  to  a  revaluation  at 
any  time  thereafter." 

O.  L.,  XLV,  176,  February  8,  1847.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  funding  of 
debts  for  the  Ohio  University. 

SEC.  1.  Authorizing  the  President  and  Trustees  to  fund  any 
amount  of  the  debts  due  from  said  University  not  exceeding  ten 
thousand  dollars  in  sums  not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars  each, 
for  such  length  of  time  and  for  such  rates  of  interest  not  ex- 
ceeding seven  per  cent  per  annum  as  may  be  agreed  upon. 

Miami  University. 

O.  L.,  I,  66,  April  15,  1803.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  locating  of  a  college 
township  in  the  District  of  Cincinnati. 

SEC.  1.  That  one  township  in  the  District  of  Cincinnati,  or 
equivalent  land  equal  to  thirty-six  sections,  shall  be  located  and 
entered  for  the  use  and  support  of  an  academy  in  lieu  of  the 
college  township  heretofore  granted  in  trust  to  John  C.  Symmes 
and  his  associates. 

SEC.  2.  Directing  the  Commissioners  appointed  to  select  such 
lands  as  are  most  valuable  "having  due  regard  to  the  quality  of 
the  land,  the  situation  for  health,  the  goodness  of  the  water,  and 
the  advantage  of  inland  navigation". 


Appendix  A.  177 

O.  L.,  VII,  184,  February  17,  1809.  An  act  to  establish  the  Miami 
University. 

SEC.  1.  For  the  instruction  of  youth  in  all  the  various 
branches  of  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences,  for  the  promotion  of 
good  education,  virtue,  religion  and  morality,  and  for  conferring 
all  the  literary  honors  granted  in  similar  institutions ;  and  benefits 
and  advantages  of  the  said  University  shall  be  open  to  all  the 
citizens  within  this  state. 

SEC.  2.  Creating  a  body  politic,  a  president  and  not  more 
than  fourteen  or  less  than  seven  trustees. 

SEC.  8.  The  faculty  shall  cause  to  be  holden  in  the  said 
University  at  least  once  ever  year  a  public  examination,  at 
which  time  the  faculty  shall  attend,  etc. 

SEC.  10.  Vesting  the  township  granted  by  Congress  in  the 
Cincinnati  District,  in  the  said  corporation  for  the  sole  use, 
benefit  and  support  of  the  said  University,  with  power  to  sub- 
divide and  sell  the  same  for  terms  of  ninety-nine  years ;  renew- 
able forever;  subject  to  a  revaluation  every  fifteen  years;  mini- 
mum price  two  dollars  per  acre. 

SEC.  11.  The  clear  annual  rents  and  profits  to  be  appro- 
priated "in  such  manner  as  shall  most  effectually  promote  virtue, 
and  morality"  and  knowledge  of  such  languages,  liberal  arts  and 
sciences  as  shall  hereafter  be  directed  from  time  to  time  by  said 
corporation. 

SEC.  15.  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  grant  any  further 
and  greater  powers  or  alter,  limit  or  restrain  any  of  the  powers 
by  this  act  vested. 

SEC.  17.  Alexander  Campbell,  The  Reverend  James  Kil- 
bourne  and  The  Reverend  Robert  G.  Wilson  appointed  to  select 
a  permanent  seat  for  the  University. 

O.  L.,  VIII,  94,  February  6,  1810.  Amendatory.  That  the  trustees  of  the 
Miami  University  shall  cause  a  town  to  be  laid  off  on  such  part 
of  land  described  in  said  act  as  they  may  think  proper,  to  be 
known  by  the  name  of  "Oxford." 

SEC.  2.  The  said  University  is  hereby  established  on  said 
land  and  such  place  as  the  trustees  may  think  proper,  and  they 
are  authorized  to  direct  such  building  and  buildings  to  be  erected 
as  they  deem  necessary. 

O.  L.,  XII,  83,  February  1,  1814.  Amendatory.  SEC.  1.  Trustees  are 
required  to  make  an  accurate  statement  of  all  proceedings  both 
as  respects  the  disposal  of  land  as  well  as  the  state  of  the  funds 
arising  from  the  proceeds  to  the  legislature. 

O.  L.,  XVII,  131,  February  5,  1819.  Amendatory.  SEC.  1.  Not  more  than 
four  trustees  shall  reside  out  of  the  limits  of  the  John  Cleve 
Symmes  Purchase;  none  of  them  shall  reside  within  the  college 
township. 

Vol.  XX VI  I  — 12. 


178  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  291,  February  7,  1848.  Repealing  so  much  of  the  act  as 
provides  that  not  more  than  four  of  the  trustees  shall  reside  out 
of  the  limits  of  the  John  Cleve  Symmes  Purchase. 

O.  L.,  XLVI  I,  398.  (No  date).  Resolution  appointing  a  committee  of 
three  to  examine  into  and  report  to  the  next  General  Assembly 
the  condition  of  the  Miami  University  and  the  cause  of  its  de- 
cline, with  such  recommendations  as  they  may  deem  proper  to 
make,  and  that  said  committee  shall  have  power  to  send  for  re- 
ports and  papers,  and  to  administer  all  acts  necessary  to  said  in- 
vestigation. 

Cincinnati  University. 

O.  L.,  V,  64,  January  23,  1807.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati  Uni- 
versity. 

J.  S.  Gano  and  forty-eight  others. 

SEC.  3.  "That  all  parcels  of  land,  tenants,  rents,  annuities, 
profits  on  any  goods,  chattels,  or  any  other  effects  .  .  .  and 
shall  have  power  to  appropriate  any  funds  belonging  to  said  cor- 
poration in  improving  the  present  university  and  making  further 
improvements  on  the  tract  of  land  thereunto  now  belonging  or 
for  educating  poor  children";  stock  company,  shares  ten  dollars. 

O.  L.,  V,  120,  February  3,  1807.  An  act  authorizing  the  citizens  of  Cin- 
cinnati and  its  vicinity  to  raise  six  thousand  dollars  for  certain 
purposes;  authorizes  the  appointing  of  commissioners  to  raise 
by  lottery  a  sum  not  to  exceed  six  thousand  dollars  for  Cincin- 
nati University. 

Cincinnati  College. 

O.  L.,  XVII,  46,  January  22,  1819.  Jacob  Burrett  and  nineteen  others 
incorporated  as  trustees  and  faculty  of  the  Cincinnati  College; 
annual  income  not  to  exceed  eleven  thousand  dollars ;  stock  com- 
pany, shares  twenty-five  dollars  each ;  control  thirteen  trustees ; 
the  religious  tenets  that  may  be  peculiar  to  any  sect  or  denomi- 
nation shall  never  be  taught  or  enforced  in  the  College;  Board 
of  Trustees  may  grant  all  or  any  of  the  degrees  that  are  usually 
conferred  in  any  college  or  university  within  the  United  States. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  376,  March  11,  1845.  Authorizing  the  trustees  to  borrow 
not  to  exceed  thirty-five  thousand  dollars. 

Worthington  College. 

O.  L.,  XVII,  155,  February  8,  1819.  An  act  to  establish  a  college  in  the 
town  of  Worthington  by  the  name  and  style  of  the  "Worthing- 
ton College"  for  the  instruction  of  youth  in  all  the  liberal  arts 
and  sciences,  in  virtue,  religion  and  literary  honors  granted  in 
similar  institutions. 

Philander  Chase  and  eleven  others  created  a  body  politic. 


Appendix  A.  179 

Kenyan  College. 

O.  L.,  XXIII,  12,  December  22,  1824.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the 
Diocese  of  Ohio. 

SEC.  1.  The  Right  Reverend  Philander  Chase,  now  Bishop 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  and  eight  others,  the  pres- 
ent trustees,  are  created  a  body  corporate;  annual  income  ex- 
clusive of  lands  or  tenants  occupied  by  said  seminary,  not  to 
exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars. 

The  General  Assembly  may  at  any  time  hereafter  modify 
or  repeal  this  act,  but  no  such  modification  shall  divert  the  real 
and  personal  property  of  the  seminary  to  any  other  purpose  than 
the  education  of  ministers  of  the  gospel  in  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church  in  the  United  States  of  America. 

O.  L.,  XXIV,  January  24,  1826.  Supplementary.  SEC.  1.  The  presi- 
dent and  professors  of  said  seminary  shall  be  considered  as  the 
faculty  of  a  college,  and  as  such  have  the  power  of  conferring 
degrees  in  the  arts  and  sciences  and  of  performing  all  such  other 
acts  as  pertain  to  the  faculties  of  colleges  for  the  encourage- 
ment and  reward  of  learning,  and  the  name  and  style  by  which 
the  said  degrees  shall  be  conferred  and  the  certificate  of  learn- 
ing given  shall  be  that  of  the  president  and  professors  of  Ken- 
yon  College  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 

O.  L.,  XXVI,  176,  January  11,  1828.  Resolved,  That  this  General  As- 
sembly approve  of  the  object  of  the  application  of  The  Reverend 
Philander  Chase  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  for  a 
donation  of  a  tract  or  tracts  of  public  lands  for  the  support  of 
Kenyon  College,  and  that  the  Senators  and  Representatives  of 
this  state  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  be  requested  to 
use  their  exertions  in  aid  and  support  of  the  said  application. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  353,  March  6,  1839.  Supplementary.  SEC.  1.  Trustees 
shall  have  power  in  connection  with  said  seminary  to  establish 
a  college  and  halls  for  preparatory  education. 

SEC.  2.  Power  to  confer  degrees  as  president  and  professors 
of  Kenyon  College. 

SEC.  3.  The  president  and  professors  of  said  Theological 
Seminary  shall  have  power  to  confer  degrees  in  Theology  by 
the  name  and  style  of  the  president  and  professors  of  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  of  the  Diocese  of  Ohio. 

Frmnklin  College. 

O.  L.,  XXIII,  22,  January  22,  1825.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  College  of 
Alma  in  the  town  of  Athens,  Harrison  County. 

John  Rhea  and  thirteen  others  are  created  a  body  corporate 
with  full  power  to  confer  degrees. 


180  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXIV,  49,  January  31,  1826.     Amendatory.     Changing  the  name  to 

Franklin  College. 
O.  L.,  XXXIV,  610,  March  14,  1836.    An  act  making  an  appropriation  to 

Franklin  College  in  the  County  of  Harrison  and  Ripley  College 

in  the  County  of  Brown. 

SEC.  1.    Appropriating  five  hundred  dollars  to  each  college, 

to  be  applied  in  such  manner  as  the   Board  of  Trustees   shall 

direct. 

Western  Reserve  University. 

O.  L.,  XXIV,  93,  February  7,  1826.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees 
of  the  Western  Reserve  College. 

SEC.  1.  George  Swift  and  eleven  others  are  created  a  body- 
politic  to  be  styled  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Western  Reserve 
College  with  power  to  confer  on  those  whom  they  may  deem 
worthy  all  such  honors  and  degrees  as  are  usually  conferred  in 
similar  institutions. 

SEC.  2.  Said  college  shall  be  located  in  the  Township  of 
Hudson,  Portage  County,  and  erected  in  a  plan  sufficiently  ex- 
tensive to  afford  instruction  in  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences,  and 
the  trustees  may  erect  additional  departments  for  the  study  of 
any  or  all  of  the  liberal  professions. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  95,  February  23,  1844.  Amendatory.  SEC.  1.  That  the  trus- 
tees of  the  Western  Reserve  College  are  authorized  to  establish 
a  medical  department  in  the  City  of  Cleveland,  and  to  confer 
degrees  and  other  diplomas. 

Lang  Seminary. 

O.  L.,  XXVII,  118,  February  11,  1829.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Lane 
Seminary  in  the  County  of  Hamilton. 

SEC.  1.  "That  there  shall  be  and  hereby  is  established  in 
the  County  of  Hamilton  a  theological  institution  for  the  educa- 
tion of  young  men  for  the  gospel  ministry  by  the  name  of  the 
Lane  Seminary." 

SEC.  3.  "That  the  officers  and  members  of  the  Executive 
Committee  shall  reside  in  the  City  of  Cincinnati  or  this  vicinity, 
a  majority  of  whom  together  with  all  the  professors  and  in- 
structors of  said  institution  shall  be  members  of  the  Presbyte- 
rian Church  in  good  standing  under  the  general  care  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Church  in  the  United  States."  Board 
of  Trustees  shall  have  power  to  confer  any  of  the  degrees  in 
divinity  usually  granted  in  the  colleges  and  universities  of  the 
United  States. 

SEC.  5.  "That  a  fundamental  rule  or  principle  of  said  in- 
stitution shall  be  that  every  student  therein  when  in  good  health 


Appendix  A.  181 

shall  be  required  to  spend  not  less  than  three  nor  more  than 
four  hours  each  day  in  agricultural  or  mechanical  labor,  the 
profits  of  which  shall  be  applied  to  defray  the  expense  of  the 
institution  and  the  board  and  tuition  of  the  students." 
O.  L.,  XXXVI,  22,  January  16,  1838.  Amendatory.  The  Board  of  Trus- 
tees shall  consist  of  not  less  than  thirteen  nor  more  than  twenty- 
five. 

Ripley  College. 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,  88,  February  9,  1830.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  College 
of  Ripley  in  the  County  of  Brown. 

Allan  Trimbell  and  twenty-one  others  are  created  a  body 
politic  with  full  power  and  authority  to  confer  degrees;  annual 
income  not  to  exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars ;  no  religious  doc- 
trines peculiar  to  any  sect  of  Christians  shall  ever  be  inculcated ; 
vacancies  in  the  trustees  to  be  filled  by  the  General  Assembly. 

Marietta  College. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  18,  December  17,  1832.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Marietta 
Collegiate  Institute  and  Western  Teachers'  Seminary. 

Luther  G.  Bingham  and  eight  others  are  created  a  body 
politic;  purpose,  the  instruction  of  youth  in  the  various  branches 
of  useful  knowledge  and  especially  the  education  of  teachers 
for  common  schools  ;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  five  thousand 
dollars. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  53,  February  14,  1835.  An  act  to  incorporate  Marietta 
College. 

SEC.  1.  That  there  shall  be  and  there  is  hereby  established 
in  the  County  of  Washington  an  institution  for  the  education 
of  youth  in  the  various  branches  of  useful  knowledge  by  the 
name  of  the  Marietta  College. 

SEC.  4.  Annual  income  not  to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars; 
funds  shall  never  be  used  for  purposes  of  banking. 

SEC.  6.  Power  to  confer  such  honors  and  degrees  as  are 
usually  conferred  in  similar  institutions. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  4,  December  31,  1844.  Amendatory,  it  shall  be  lawful  for 
the  board  to  increase  the  number  of  trustees  not  to  exceed 
twenty-five. 

Demson  University. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  88,  February  2,  1832.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  "Granville 
Literary  and  Theological  Institution." 

Jonathan  Atwood  and  six  others ;  the  present  trustees  of  said 
institution  are  constituted  a  body  politic;  income  from  property 


182  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

not  used  by  said  institution   or  its  officers   or  professors   not  to 
exceed  five  thousand  dollars. 

SEC.  2.  Trustees  have  power  to  confer  on  those  whom  they 
may  think  worthy  all  such  honors  and  degrees  as  are  conferred 
by  similar  institutions. 

SEC  3.  Trustees  may  increase  their  number,  but  not  to  ex- 
ceed eighteen. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  215,  February  27,  1834.  Amendatory.  Trustees  shall  have 
power  to  increase  the  number  of  trustees  not  exceeding  thirty- 
six  nor  less  than  twelve. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  54,  February  3,  1845.  Amendatory.  Changing  the  nam_ 
to  "The  Granville  College." 

SEC.  2.  The  trustees  may  as  their  ability  shall  increase  erect 
additional  departments  for  the  study  of  any  or  all  of  the  liberal 
professions. 

Oberlin  College. 

P.  L.,  XXXII,  226,  February  2,  1834.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Oberlin 
Collegiate  Institute. 

Henry  Brown  and  eight  others  are  created  a  body  politic  to 
be  styled  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Oberlin  Collegiate  In- 
stitute, with  power  to  confer  on  those  whom  they  deem  worthy 
such  honors  and  degrees  as  are  usually  conferred  in  similar 
institutions. 

SEC.  2.  That  the  said  institution  shall  remain  in  Lorain 
County  and  shall  afford  instruction  in  the  liberal  arts  and 
sciences  and  the  trustees  may  erect  additional  departments  for 
such  other  branches  of  education  as  they  may  think  necessary 
or  useful. 

SEC.  3.  They  may  increase  the  number  of  trustees  to  twelve 
exclusive  of  the  president. 

SEC.  4.  The  president  shall  be  ex  officio  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  and  president  of  the  same. 

SEC.  6.  The  funds  to  be  applied  in  erecting  suitable  build- 
ings and  supporting  officers  and  in  securing  books,  maps,  charts, 
and  other  apparatus  necessary  to  the  well-being  of  the  institu- 
tion. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  632,  March  21,  1850.  Amendatory  —  changing  the  name 
of  the  Oberlin  Collegiate  Institute  to  Oberlin  College. 

Willoughby   University  of  Lake  Erie. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  376,  March  3,  1834.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Willoughby 
University  of  Lake  Erie. 

Nehemia  Allan  and  two  others  are  created  a  body  politic. 
Purpose  —  the   instruction   of   young  men   and   youth  in   the 


Appendix  A.  183 

various  branches  of  literature  and  sciences ;  annual  income  from 
real  estate  not  to  exceed  five  thousand  dollars;  power  of  con- 
ferring degrees  in  the  arts,  sciences,  and  professions. 
O.  L.,  XLV,  7,  January  14,  1847.  Amendatory.  SEC.  1.  Trustees  are 
authorized  to  transfer  the  medical  department  of  said  univer- 
sity from  Willoughby  and  establish  the  same  at  the  City  of  Co- 
lumbus to  be  known  as  the  Willoughby  Medical  College  at  Co- 
lumbus. 

German  Reform  Theological  Seminary. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  9,  December  20,  1836.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  German 
Reform   Synod  of  Ohio. 

SEC.  2.  For  the  purpose  of  furthering  the  interests  of  the 
German  Reform  Church  in  Ohio  by  erecting  a  house  or  houses 
for  a  theological  seminary  or  for  establishing  all  the  necessary 
conveniences  for  an  institution  of  learning  wherein  to  prepare 
men  for  the  gospel  ministry. 

St.  Clairsville  Collegiate  Seminary. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  55,  January  30,  1837.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  St.  Clairs- 
ville  Collegiate   Seminary. 

James  Moore  and  thirty-eight  others  are  created  a  body 
politic;  "all  property  shall  be  for  the  purpose  and  no  other  of 
educating  females";  annual  income  from  funds  not  to  exceed 
ten  thousand  dollars ;  instruction  and  the  means  of  education 
in  the  said  seminary  whether  in  the  primary  or  collegiate  de- 
partment shall  never  be  confined  or  restricted  to  the  tenets  of 
any  separate  sect  or  denomination  of  religion. 

SEC.  15.  Corporation  shall  report  annually  to  the  General 
Assembly  the  number  of  scholars  taught  the  preceding  year  and 
the  condition  of  the  corporation. 

Muskingum  College. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  272,  March  18,  1837.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  Muskingum 
College. 

Robert  Wallace  and  eight  others  associated  for  the  purpose 
of  establishing  a  seminary  of  learning  at  or  near  the  town  of 
New  Concord  in  Muskingum  County  are  created  a  body  politic ; 
nine  directors  with  power  to  increase  same  to  fifteen. 

Baptist  Literary  and  Collegiate  Institute. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  347,  March  29,  1837.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Baptist 
Literary  and  Collegiate  Institute  of  Huron  County. 
SEC.  1.     For  the  education  of  young  men. 


184  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

SEC.  2.  Board  self-perpetuating,  not  less  than  twenty-one 
nor  more  than  twenty-five. 

SEC.  3.  Officers  and  members  of  the  Executive  Committee 
shall  reside  in  Huron  County,  a  majority  of  whom,  together 
with  all  the  professors,  tutors,  teachers  and  instructors,  shall 
be  members  of  the  regular  Baptist  Church  in  good  standing. 

SEC.  5.  "The  design  of  this  institution  shall  be  to  give  a 
thorough  literary  and  collegiate  education ;  the  income  and  tuition 
of  which  shall  be  applied  to  defraying  the  expense  of  the  in- 
stitution and  the  board  and  tuition  of  the  students." 

Wesleyan  Collegiate  Institute. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  378,  March  31,  1837.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees 
of  the  Wesleyan  Collegiate  Institute. 

Jacob  Ward  and  nine  others  are  created  a  body  politic;  to 
be  located  at  Olmstead  and  erected  on  a  plan  sufficiently  extensive 
to  afford  instruction  in  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences. 

Logan  College. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  203,  March  7,  1838.    An  act  to  incorporate  Logan  College. 
James   Wallace   and   twenty  others  are   created   a  body  cor- 
porate. 

Theological  Seminary,  Reform  Synod. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  34,  January  22,  1838.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  of  the  Associated  Reform  Synod  of  the  West. 
SEC.  1.  That  there  shall  be  established  at  Oxford  in  Butler 
County  a  theological  institution  for  the  education  of  young  men 
for  the  gospel  ministry;  annual  income  of  property  not  to  ex- 
ceed two  thousand  dollars. 

Central  College. 

O.  L.,  XL,  77,  March  2,  1842.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees  of  the 
Central  College  of  Ohio. 

H.  L.  Hitchcock  and  thirteen  others  are  created  a  body 
politic  with  power  to  confer  on  those  whom  they  may  deem 
worthy  all  such  honors  and  degrees  as  are  usually  conferred 
by  colleges ;  said  college  shall  aftord  instruction  in  the  liberal 
arts  and  sciences  usually  taught  in  colleges ;  shall  be  allowed 
to  have  an  academical  department. 

St.  Xavier  College. 

O.  L.,  XL,   84,    March   5,   1842.    An   act   to   incorporate  the   St.   Xavier 

College. 

"That  there  shall  be  and  there  is  hereby  established  in  the 

city    of    Cincinnati    an    institution,    for    the    education    of    white 


Appendix  A.  185 

youth  in  the  various  branches  of  useful  knowledge,  by  the  name 
of  the  Trustees  of  St.  Xavier's  College";  property  not  to  ex- 
ceed forty  thousand  dollars ;  no  part  of  funds  to  be  used  in 
banking;  trustees  shall  have  power  to  confer  honors  and  degrees. 

Ohio  Wesley  an  University. 

O.  L.,  XL,  111,  March  7,  1842.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees  of 
the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University. 

WHEREAS,  'The  Ohio  and  North  Ohio  Annual  Conference 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  have  determined  upon  estab- 
lishing an  extensive  university  or  college  in  this  state  to  the 
support  of  which  they  are  pledged  to  use  their  utmost  efforts, 
and  which  university  is  ever  to  be  conducted  on  the  most  lib- 
eral principles,  accessible  to  all  religious  denominations,  and 
designed  for  the  benefit  of  our  citizens  in  general",  therefore : 

SEC.  1.  William  Neff  and  twenty  others  are  created  a  body 
politic. 

SEC.  3.  That  the  Ohio  and  North  Ohio  Conferences  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  or  .such  other  conferences 
as  may  be  formed  out  of  these  conferences,  shall  fill  the  vacan- 
cies occurring  in  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and  shall  annually 
appoint  any  number  of  visitors  not  exceeding  three  for  each 
conference,  who  shall  attend  the  meetings  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees and  shall  constitute  a  joint  board  in  the  appointment  and 
removal  of  all  officers  of  the  said  university. 

SEC.  5.  The  university  shall  be  styled  the  Ohio  Wesleyan 
University  and  shall  be  located  in  or  near  Delaware,  Ohio. 

Lafayette  University. 

O.  L.,  XL,  119,  March  7,  1842.  An  act  to  incorporate  Lafayette  Univer- 
sity at  New  Carlisle,  Clark  County. 

SEC.  1.  There  is  hereby  established  "an  institution  for  the 
.education  of  youth  in  the  various  branches  of  useful  knowl- 
edge"; William  G.  Serviss  and  twenty  others  are  appointed  trus- 
tees ;  annual  income  of  real  property  not  to  exceed  five  thousand 
dollars ;  funds  shall  never  be  used  for  banking ;  the  said  cor- 
poration shall  have  power  to  confer  honors  and  degrees. 

Germama  College. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  12,  January  11,  1843.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees  of 
the  Germania  College. 

Jacob  Leist  and  eight  others  are  created  a  body  politic  for 
thirty  years  with  power  to  confer  honors  and  degrees;  not  less 
than  eleven  nor  more  than  twenty-one  trustees. 

SEC.  5.     "The    said    college    shall    afford    instruction    in    the 


186  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

liberal  arts  and  sciences  usually  taught  in  colleges,  and  shall  be 
allowed  to  establish  an  academical  department  for  the  instruc- 
tion of  students  in  the  various  branches  of  an  academical  edu- 
cation and  general  knowledge  not  included  in  the  usual  colle- 
giate course,  and  for  the  instruction  of  those  who  design  to  be 
teachers  of  schools." 

Providence  College. 

O.  Lv  XLI,  63,  February  9,  1843.  An  act  to  incorporate  Providence 
College  and  that  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  college  for 
the  education  of  youth  in  the  various  branches  of  useful  knowl- 
edge, Wilson  Shannon  and  twenty  others  are  created  a  body 
politic  with  power  to  confer  honors  and  degrees ;  trustees  not 
less  than  eleven  nor  more  than  twenty-one. 

SEC.  5.  "The  said  college  shall  afford  instruction  in  the 
liberal  arts  and  sciences  usually  taught  in  colleges  and  shall  be 
allowed  to  have  an  academical  department,  etc." 

SEC.  9.  The  private  and  individual  property  of  the  incor- 
porators  shall  be  held  responsible  for  the  payment  of  debts  of 
said  college. 

Beverly  College. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  92,  February  28,  1843.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Beverly 
College  at  Beverly  for  the  purpose  of  educating  youth  in  tbe 
learned  and  foreign  languages,  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences,  and 
literature;  Board  of  Trustees  not  to  exceed  twenty-one;  A.  M. 
Bryan  and  twenty  others  named  as  the  first  trustees  incorpo- 
rated a  body  politic;  annual  income  not  to  exceed  five  thousand 
dollars;  Board  of  Trustees  to  be  elected  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Synod  of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 

Methodist  Female  Collegiate  Institute. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  146,  March  10,  1843.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees  of 
the  Methodist  Female  Collegiate  Institute  of  Cincinnati.  Thomas 
A.  Morris  and  twelve  others. 

Western  Female   College. 

O.  L.,  XLIV,  171,  February  24,  1846.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees 
of  the  Western  Female  College  of  Cincinnati.  Thomas  A.  Mor- 
ris and  twenty-one  others;  trustees  to  be  chosen  by  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  eight  local  Methodist  Churches,  and  the  min- 
isters of  the  M.  E.  Church  in  Cincinnati,  with  the  agents  and 
editors  of  the  Western  Book  Concern  to  be  trustees  ex  oflficio ; 
purpose  —  "the  instruction  of  the  pupils  therein  in  the  arts  and 
sciences  and  in  all  necessary  and  useful  and  ornamental  branches 


Appendix  A.  187 

of  an  efficient  and  liberal  education,  such  as  is  taught  in  the 
best  female  academies;"  power  to  grant  literary  honors  and  de- 
grees. 

Belief ontaine  College. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  220,  March  13,  1843.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Bellefon- 
taine,  Ohio,  College. 

Joseph  Stevenson  and  fourteen  others;  to  afford  instruc- 
tion in  the  common  branches  of  a  liberal  education  and  in  the 
liberal  arts  and  sciences ;  property  not  to  exceed  two  hundred 
thousand  dollars ;  a  board  of  fifteen  trustees. 

SEC.  10.  If  from  any  cause  the  corporation  shall  dissolve, 
the  property  of  said  institution,  after  its  debts  are  paid,  shall 
go  to  the  Common  School  Fund  of  the  State  of  Ohio. 

English  Lutheran   Theological  and  Collegiate  Institute. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  189,  March  17.  1844.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Board  of 
Directors  of  the  English  Lutheran  Theological  and  Collegiate 
Institute  of  Wooster,  Wayne  County. 

William  Godfrey  Keil  and  eleven  others ;  property  not  to 
exceed  ten  thousand  dollars ;  power  to  grant  degrees  in  the  lib- 
eral arts  and  sciences ;  trustees  appointed  by  the  English  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Synod. 

Ft.  Meigs  University. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  80,  February  10,  1845.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees 
of  Ft.  Meigs  University.  John  C.  Spink  and  eleven  others, 
location  —  Perrysburg,  Wood  County ;  "to  be  erected  on  a  plan 
sufficiently  extensive  to  afford  instruction  in  the  liberal  arts  and 
sciences"  and  that  trustees  may  erect  additional  departments 
for  instruction  in  the  languages,  arts  and  sciences,  and  in  all 
of  the  liberal  professions ;  power  to  confer  degrees ;  degrees 
shall  not  be  conferred  until  the  corporation  shall  have  obtained 
property  to  the  amount  of  ten  thousand  dollars;  twelve  trustees. 

Protestant  University  of  the   United  States. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  345,  March  10,  1845.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  seven  trus- 
tees of  the  Protestant  University  of  the  United  States. 

William  Wilson  and  twenty-nine  others ;  location  —  in  or 
near  Cincinnati;  "the  promotion  and  advancement  of  education, 
the  cultivation  and  diffusion  of  literature,  science,  and  the  arts, 
in  all  their  departments  and  formalities". 

SEC.  11.  The  corporation  shall  have  power  to  establish  a 
sectarian  religious  test  as  a  condition  of  enjoying  the  honors 
and  privileges  of  the  .university,  provided  that  it  shall  always 


188  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

be  conducted  in  conformity  to  the  Reformed  Protestant  religion 
as  taught  in  the  Holy  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ments; degrees  not  to  be  conferred  until  the  corporation  shall 
have  fifteen  thousand  dollars  in  property;  annual  income  not 
to  exceed  twenty  thousand  dollars;  said  university  shall  report 
annually  to  the  legislature. 

Wittenberg  College. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  375,  March  11,  1845.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Board  of 
Directors  of  Wittenberg  College;  John  Hamilton  and  fifteen 
others;  degrees  shall  not  be  conferred  until  the  corporation  have 
acquired  property  to  the  value  of  ten  thousand  dollars ;  Board 
of  Directors  appointed  by  the  English  Evangelical  Synod  of 
Ohio  and  the  Miami  Synod. 

Partners'  College. 

O.  L.,  XLIV,  165,  February  23,  1846.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Farmers' 
College  of  Hamilton  County.  Charles  Cheney  and  fourteen 
others;  stock  company,  shares  thirty  dollars. 

SEC.  5.  "The  objects  of  this  association  shall  be  to  direct 
and  cultivate  the  minds  of  the  students  in  a  thorough  and 
scientific  course  of  studies,  particularly  adapted  to  agricultural 
pursuits  ;"  real  property  not  to  exceed  forty  thousand  dollars. 

Marietta  Female  College. 

O.  L.,  XLV,  140,  February  8,  1847.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Marietta 
Female  College;  David  C.  Skinner  and  four  others;  a  board 
of  three  to  fifteen  trustees;  stock  company,  shares  twenty-five 
dollars  each,  capital  stock  not  to  exceed  twenty  thousand  dol- 
lars;  the  instruction  of  females  in  all  the  necessary  and  useful 
and  ornamental  branches  of  a  thorough  and  liberal  education. 

Muhlenberg  College. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  19,  January  11,  1848.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Board  of 
Directors  of  Muhlenberg  College  at  the  town  of  Jefferson,  Har- 
rison County. 

Moses  Bartholomew  and  fourteen  others ;  directors  ap- 
pointed by  the  English  branch  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Joint  Synod  of  Ohio  and  adjacent  states;  degrees  shall  not  be 
conferred  until  the  corporation  have  property  to  the  value  of 
ten  thousand  dollars. 

Judson  College. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  local,  259,  February  10,  1849.  An  act  to  incorporate  the 
Judson  College  at  Jefferson,  County  of  Harrison;  transferring 


Appendix  A.  189 

the  rights,  franchises,  etc.,  of  Muhlenberg  College  to  the  Board 
of   Directors   of  Judson    College. 

Medina  College. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  188,  February  18,  1848.  An  act  to  incorporate  Medina 
College.  Stephan  N.  Sargeant  and  thirteen  others;  stock  com- 
pany, shares  twenty  dollars  each;  capital  stock  not  to  exceed 
twenty  thousand  dollars. 

Newton  College. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  211,  February  19,  1848.  An  act  to  incorporate  Newton 
College,  Hamilton  County. 

Joseph  Jackson  and  eleven  others;  stock  company,  shares 
fifty  dollars;  twelve  trustees;  "to  direct  and  cultivate  the  minds 
of  the  students  thoroughly  in  literary,  classical  and  scientific 
studies  for  a  regular  course,  and  studies  for  an  irregular  course 
as  the  trustees  may  deem  proper ;"  degrees  shall  not  be  conferred 
until  the  corporation  have  property  to  the  amount  of  ten  thou- 
sand dollars ;  real  property  not  to  exceed  two  hundred  thousand 
dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  220,  February  21,  1848.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Edin- 
burgh College. 

George  Hackett  and  sixteen  others. 

SEC.  5.  The  said  college  shall  afford  instruction  in  the  lib- 
eral arts  and  sciences  usually  taught  in  colleges,  and  shall  be 
allowed  to  have  an  academical  department,  etc.;  the  corpora- 
tion shall  not  confer  degrees  until  it  have  obtained  property 
to  the  amount  of  ten  thousand  dollars. 

Mt.  Washington  College. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  236,  February  21,  1849.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Mt. 
Washington  College  in  Hamilton  County;  Thomas  H.  Whet- 
stone and  eight  others ;  stock  company,  shares  fifty  dollars  each ; 
eight  trustees ;  property  not  to  exceed  two  hundred  thousand 
dollars ;  "to  direct  and  cultivate  the  minds  of  the  students  thor- 
oughly in  literary,  classical  and  scientific  studies  for  a  regular 
course"  and  also  an  irregular  course  as  the  trustees  shall  de- 
cide; corporation  shall  not  grant  degrees  until  the  college  shall 
have  obtained  property  to  the  amount  of  ten  thousand  dollars. 

Otterbein  University. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  257,  February  13,  1849.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Otter- 
bein University  of  Ohio.  Louis  Davis  and  two  others  named 
of  the  Scioto  Annual  Conference  of  the  Church  of  the  United 
Brethren  of  Christ  and  Jacob  Barger  and  two  others  named 


190  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

of  the  Sandusky  Annual  Conference  of  the  South  Church ; 
power  to  confer  degrees;  location  —  Westerville;  the  corpora- 
tion shall  afford  instruction  in  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences 
usually  taught  in  colleges,  and  be  allowed  to  have  an  academical 
department;  they  may  use  funds  in  the  erection  of  buildings, 
purchase  of  lots,  mechanical  implements  wherewith  to  maintain 
the  manual  labor  connected  with  said  university ;  no  part  of  the 
property  to  be  used  for  banking ;  honors  and  degrees  shall  not 
be  conferred  until  the  corporation  have  property  to  the  amount 
of  ten  thousand  dollars. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  619,  March  2,  1850.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Capital 
University.  James  Manning  and  thirty  others;  purpose  —  the 
promotion  of  religion,  morality  and  learning;  trustees  to  be 
chosen  by  the  Synod  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  and 
by  the  Board  of  Trustees  created  by  the  act  of  incorporation. 

Cambridge  College. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  621,  March  22,  1850.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cambridge 
College.  John  Fordyce  and  eight  others  are  created  a  body  pol- 
itic to  be  styled  "the  Trustees  of  the  Cambridge  College  of  the 
Methodist  Protestant  Church";  vacancies  in  the  board  to  be  rilled 
by  the  Muskingum  Annual  Conference  of  the  Methodist  Prot- 
estate  Church  and  one  member  of  the  Conference  shall  annually 
attend  the  meetings  of  the  Board;  purpose  —  the  instruction  of 
students  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  in  the  learned  professions,  and 
all  branches  of  learning  as  are  usually  taught  in  the  colleges  of 
the  country;  "the  college  shall  be  conducted  on  the  most  liberal 
principles  and  open  alike  to  all  religious  denominations  and  to 
the  community  in  general." 

Geneva  Hall 

O.  L.  XLVIII,  672,  March;  7,  1850.  An  act  to  incorporate  the 
Geneva  Hall.  J.  B.  Johnston  and  ten  others;  seven  trustees; 
stock  company,  shares  fifty  dollars  each;  location  —  North  wood, 
Logan  County ;  capital  stock  not  to  exceed  fifty  thousand  dollars  ; 
the  promotion  of  learning,  morality  and  religion ;  power  to  es- 
tablish a  literary  and  theological  department,  the  theological 
department  to  be  known  by  the  name  of  "The  Theological  Sem- 
inary of  the  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church." 

Urbana  University. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  624,  March  7,  1850.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Urbana 
University;  a  board  of  twelve  trustees;  Milo  G.  Williams  and 
eleven  others ;  purpose  —  to  encourage  and  promote  the  diffusion 
of  knowledge  in  all  the  branches  of  academic  and  scientific,  and 


Appendix  A.  191 

exegetic  instruction,  and  to  combine  therewith  instruction  in  the 
productive  arts  and  practice  of  rural  economy;  power  to  confer 
degrees;  to  be  under  the  management  of  persons  recognized  as 
belonging  to  the  New  Church. 

ACTS   CONCERNING   PROFESSIONAL    EDUCATION 

MEDICAL  EDUCATION 

O.  L.,  IX,  19,  Jan.  14,  1811.  An  act  regulating  the  practice  of  Physic 
and  Surgery.  Five  Medical  Districts  created,  three  medical  ex- 
aminers in  each  to  license  applicants. 

O.  L.,  X,  58,  Feb.  8,  1812.  An  act  to  incorporate  a  Medical  Society. 
Seven  medical  districts.  Power  to  appoint  examining  commit- 
tees. Practicing  without  license  $5.00  to  $100.00  penalty  for  each 
offense. 

O.  L.,  XI,  28,  Jan.  18,  1813.  An  act  regulating  the  practice  of  physic  and 
surgery. 

O.  L.,  XV,  195,  Jan.  28,  1817.  An  act  regulating  the  practice  of  physic 
and  surgery. 

O.  L.,  XVI,  105,  Jan.  30,  1818.  Amendatory.  Allowing  any  person  who 
has  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  from  any  medical 
school  in  the  U.  S.  to  receive  license  without  examination. 

Medical  College  of  Ohio. 

O.  L.,  XVII,  37,  Jan.  19,  1819.  An  act  to  authorize  the  establishment  of 
a  medical  college.  Name:  Medical  College  of  Ohio.  Location: 
Cincinnati.  Professorships :  Practice  of  Medicine,  Anatomy, 
Surgery,  Materia  Medica,  Obstetrics,  etc.,  and  Chemistry  and 
Pharmacy. 

O.  L.,  XVIII,  162,  Dec.  30,  1819.  Amendatory.  Two-thirds  of  faculty 
necessary  to  create  or  abolish  professorships. 

O.  L.,  XIX,  28,  Jan.  15,  1821.  An  act  regulating  the  practice  of  Physic 
and  Surgery.  Creating  the  Medical  Convention  of  Ohio,  which 
may  select  annually  two  medical  students  destitute  of  means  and 
recommend  to  the  Medical  College  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  ex- 
tend to  them  gratuitously  all  its  advantages. 

O.  L.,  XIX,  58,  Jan.  22,  1821.  An  act  establishing  a  Commercial  Hospital 
and  Lunatic  Asylum  for  the  State  of  Ohio.  Location :  Cincinnati. 
Faculty  of  Medical  College  to  give  medical  and  surgical  advice. 
Students  may  witness  treatment  of  patients. 

O.  L.,  XXI,  4,  Dec.  13,  1822.  Amendatory.  Medical  College  of  Ohio. 
Corporate  powers  vested  in  a  Board  of  Trustees  instead  of  the 
faculty.  Trustees  appointed  by  the  General  Assembly. 

O.  L.,  XXII,  142,  Feb.  26,  1824.  An  act  to  incorporate  Medical  Socie- 
ties, etc. 


192  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXIII,  16,  Jan.  28,  1825.     Amendatory  to  the  preceding. 

O.  L.,  XXIII,  19,  Feb.  15,  1825.     An  act  for  the  better  regulation  of  the 

Medical  College  of  Ohio.     Making  certain  appropriations,  etc. 
O.  L.,  XXIV,  4,  Dec.  31,  1825.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Medical  College 

of  Ohio  and  to  revise  and  repeal  all  existing  laws  concerning  it. 
O.  L.,  XXXVI,  37,  March  7,  1838.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  the  Medical 

College  of  Ohio.     Appropriating  $1,500.00. 

Cincinnati  Medical  Academy. 

O.  L.,  XXVI,  54,  Jan.  18,  1828.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati 
Medical  Academy.  Benjamin  Piatt  and  ten  others. 

O.  L,  XXIX,  66,  Jan.  31,  1831.  Amendatory.  The  Medical  College  of 
Ohio.  Appropriating  one-fourth  of  the  money  arising  from 
taxes  on  auction  sales  in  Hamilton  County  for  a  five  year  period 
to  the  Medical  College,  not  to  exceed  $30,000.00. 

Ohio  Medical  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  207,  Feb.  22,  1833.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  Ohio  Medical 

Lyceum  in  the  city  of  Cincinnati. 
O.  L.,  XXXI,  269,  Feb.  25,  1833.     Resolution.     Free  tuition  in  Medical 

College  to  one  indigent  student  from  each  medical  district  in  the 

state,  on  appointment  of  the  censors. 
O.  L.,  XXXI,  272,   Feb.  25,   1833.     Resolution.     Governor  to  appoint  a 

committee  of  five  to  inspect  and  report  on  the  condition,  etc.,  of 

the  Medical  College  of  Ohio. 

Medina  Medical  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  9,  Dec.  24,  1833.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Medina  Med- 
ical Lyceum. 

Lebanon  Medical  Society. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  347,  March  16,  1838.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Lebanon 
Medical  Society. 

Literary  and  Botanical  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  Ohio. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  208,  March  8,  1839.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Directors 
of  the  Literary  and  Botanical  Medical  College  of  the  State  of. 
Ohio. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  161,  March  29,  1841.  Amendatory.  Locating  the  above 
corporation  in  Cincinnati  during  the  continuation  of  the  charter. 

Eaton  Medical  Society. 

O.  L.,  XL,  83,  March  3,  1842.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Eaton  Medical 
Society. 


Appendix  A.  193 

Morgan  County  Medical  Society. 

O.  L.,  XLI,    145,    March    10,    1843.     An  act   to   incorporate   the   Morgan 
County  Medical  Society. 

Dudley  Medical  University. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  179,  March  12,  1844.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Dudley  Med- 
ical University  of  Wadsworth. 

Summit  County  Medical  Society. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  183,  March  12,  1844.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Summit 
County  Medical  Society. 

College  of  Dental  Surgery. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  32,  Jan.  21,  1845.  An  act  to  authorize  the  establishment  of 
a  College  of  Dental  Surgery.  Location :  Cincinnati. 

Medical  Institute  of  Cincinnati. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  257,   March  10,   1845.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Medical 

Institute  of   Cincinnati.     Name   Eclectic  Institute.     At  least  five 

professors. 
O.  L.,  XVII,  268,  March  8,  1849.     Amendatory.     Increasing  capital  stock 

of  preceding  institution  to  $60,000.00. 

Starling  Medical  College. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  31,  Jan.  28,  1848.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Starling  Med- 
ical College  in  the  City  of  Columbus.  Lyne  Starling  gives 
$30,000.00  for  support. 

Medical  and  Surgical  Society  of  the  County  of  Ashland. 
O.  L.,   XLVI,   7(>,   Feb.  4,    ISIS.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Medical  and 
Surgical  Society  of  the  County  of  Ashland. 

State  Medical  Society  of  Ohio. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  231,  Feb.  22,  1848.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  State  Medical 
Society  of  Ohio. 

Cincinnati  Medical  Institute. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  264,  Feb.  23,  1849.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati 
Medical  Institute. 

Darke  County  Medical  Society. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  274,  March  18,  1849.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Darke 
County  Medical  Society. 

Western  College  of  Homeopathic  Medicine. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  629,  March  1,  1850.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Western 
College  of  Homeopathic  Medicine. 

Vol.  XXVII  — 13. 


194  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

Cincinnati  College  of  Pharmacy. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  632,  March  23  1850.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati 
College  of  Pharmacy. 

LEGAL  EDUCATION 

O.  L.,  XVII,  92,  Jan.  28,  1819.  Amendatory.  An  act  to  regulate  the  ad- 
mission and  practice  of  attorneys,  etc.  Candidates  must  have 
studied  law  attentively  two  years  prior  to  application. 

Cincinnati  College. 

O.  L.,  XLIV,  157,  Feb.  21,  1846.     Amendatory.     Certificate  from  the  law 

department  of    Cincinnati    College   shall   entitle  to   admission   to 

the  bar. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    THE    EDUCATION    OF    DEFECTIVES,    DEPENDENTS 
AND  DELINQUENTS 

EDUCATION  OF  DEFECTIVES 
Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb. 

O.  L.,  XX,  49,  Feb.  2,  1822.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  concerning  the  safe- 
keeping of  idiots,  etc.  Court  of  Common  Pleas  may  appoint 
guardians  of  deaf  and  dumb  persons.  Guardians  shall  teach.  If 
unable  to  do  so  County  Commissioners  may  appropriate  money  for 
the  purpose.  All  deaf  and  dumb  persons  to  be  listed  in  town- 
ships and  be  reported  to  the  State  Auditor. 

O.  L.,  XXI,  5,  Dec.  28,  1822.  An  act  to  ascertain  the  number  of  deaf  and 
dumb  persons  in  this  state. 

O.  L.,  XXV,  87,  Jan.  30,  1827.  An  act  to  establish  an  asylum  for  the  deaf 
and  dumb  persons.  Eight  trustees.  Income  not  to  exceed 
$30,000.00.  Shall  be  forever  under  the  control  of  the  General 
Assembly. 

O.  L.,  XXVI,  4,  Jan.  16,  1828.  Amendatory.  Adds  three  trustees.  Ap- 
propriation, $376.76. 

O.  L.,  XXVII,  63,  Jan.  28,  1829.  An  act  to  provide  further  for  the 
establishment  of  the  asylum.  Authorizes  opening  in  Oct.,  1829, 
at  Columbus. 

O.  L.  XXV,  113,  Jan.  9,  1827.  Resolution.  Instructing  Senators  and 
Representatives  in  Congress  to  try  to  obtain  from  Congress  a 
grant  equal  to  one  township  to  aid  in  the  education  of  the  deaf 
and  dumb  in  this  state. 

O.  L.,  XXVI,  178,  Jan   29,  1828.    Resolution.    Renewing  preceding  effort. 

O.  L.,  XXVI,  171,  Jan.  21,  1829.  Resolution.  Locating  asylum  at  Co- 
lumbus. Authorizing  receiving  donation  of  land  or  purchasing 
land  for  a  site. 


Appendix  A.  195 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,  30,  Feb.  18,  1830.  Amendatory.  Twelve  trustees;  $1,- 
000.00  appropriation.  Provisions  for  indigent  students. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  427,  March  3,  1831.  An  act  to  establish  an  Asylum  for  the 
education  of  Deaf  and  Dumb  persons  and  repealing  all  existing 
laws  on  that  subject. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  246,  March  10,  1831.    Resolution.    Appropriating  $1,600.00. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  20,  Feb.  13,  1832.  Amendatory.  One-fourth  of  all  monies 
arising  from  auction  sales  and  licenses  in  Hamilton  Co.  appro- 
priated to  the  use  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  319,  Feb.  11,  1832.    Resolution.     Appropriating  $1,500.00. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  336,  Jan.  5,  1832.  Memorial.  Asking  Congress  for  a  grant 
of  a  township  of  land  for  the  use  of  the  asylum. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  24,  Feb.  25,  1833.  Amendatory.  Three  indigent  pupils  to 
be  admitted  from  each  judicial  circuit  in  the  state. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  238,  Feb.  25,  1833.    Resolution.    Appropriating  $1,500.00. 

O.  L.,  XXIII,  36,  March  3,  1834.  Amendatory.  Provision  for  educating 
all  indigent  deaf  and  dumb  persons  between  ages  of  12  and  20. 
Appropriation,  $2,213.10. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  428,  March  3,  1834.    Appropriation,  $2,000.00. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  435,  March  9,  1835.    Appropriation,  $3,000.00. 

From  this  time  on  appropriations  are  usually  made  annu- 
ally until  1846.  From  1846  on  regular  budget  appropriations  are 
made. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  344,  Jan.  11,  1845.  Resolution.  Urging  Congress  to  grant 
a  portion  of  the  public  domain  for  institutions  for  the  educa- 
tion of  the  deaf  and  dumb  or  the  blind,  in  states  where  such 
institutions  may  be  established. 

O.  L.,  XLIV,  111,  March  2,  1846.  Amendatory.  Salary  of  the  Supt.  to 
be  $1,000.00.  Six  trustees  to  be  appointed  by  the  Gen.  Assembly. 

Education  of  the  Blind.  ^ 

O.  L.,  IX,  68,  Jan.  29,  1811.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  David  Phouts.  Ap- 
propriating $150.00  annually  for  the  relief  of  five  children  born 
blind. 

O.  L.,  X,  68,   Feb.   11,  1812.     Repealing  preceding  act. 

O.  L.,  XVII,  7,  Dec.  23,  1818.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  John  Twaddle. 
County  Commissioners  of  Jefferson  County  authorized  to  make 
an  annual  allowance.  Nine  children,  six  born  blind. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  453,  March  5,  1835.    Resolution.     Census  of  the  blind. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  648,  March  11,  1836.  Resolution.  Three  trustees  ap- 
pointed to  gather  information  concerning  the  instruction  of  the 
blind  and  probable  cost  of  commencing  a  school. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  116,  April  13,  1837.  An  act  making  provision  for  the 
instruction  of  the  blind.  Three  trustees.  Ohio  Institution  for 
the  Instruction  of  the  Blind.  Provisions  for  site  and  buildings 


196  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

at  or  near  Columbus.     Authorizing  $15,000.00  for  building;  pro- 
vision for  apparatus. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  559,  April  1,  1837.  Resolution.  Extending  thanks  to  DJ 
Howe  for  his  work  in  behalf  of  the  blind. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  49,  March  10,  1838.  An  act  making  further  provisions 
for  the  instruction  of  the  blind.  Authorizing  completion  of  the 
building,  receiving  students  from  other  states,  giving  free  in- 
struction to  12  indigent  students,  etc. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  57,  March  11,  1843.  Amendatory.  Extending  privileges  to 
indigent  students. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  21,  Jan.  27,  1844.  An  act  reducing  salaries.  Superintend- 
ents of  Blind  Asylum  not  to  exceed  $700.00.  Superintendent  of 
Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum  not  to  exceed  $600.00. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  253,  Feb.  3,  1844.  Resolution.  Authorizing  employment  of 
oculist  by  the  asylum. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  270,  March  12,  1844.  Resolution.  Authorizing  $150.00  for 
philosophical  apparatus  for  the  pupils. 

O.  L.,  XLIV,  111,  March  2,  1846.  Amendatory.  Salaries  of  Superin- 
tendents of  Asylums  for  the  Blind  and  Deaf  and  Dumb  to  be 
$1,000.00  each.  Repealing  acts  for  support  of  pupils  in  these 
institutions. 

EDUCATION   OF  DEPENDENTS 
Individuals. 
O.  L.,  XVIII,   66,   Feb.  26,   1820.     An   act    for  the   relief   of  an   orphan 

Indian  child. 

O.  L.,  XIX,  144,  Feb.  2,  1821.     Repealing  the  preceding  act. 
O.  L.,  XXI,  39,  Jan.  25,  1823.     An  act  for  the  relief  and  benefit  of  an 

Indian   orphan   child.     Mother  killed  by  a  citizen   of  the   state; 

$25.00  annually  appropriated  for  education  and  maintenance  until 

age  of  12  years. 

Apprentices  and  Servants. 

O.  L.,  IV,  72,  Jan.  27,  1806.  An  act  concerning  apprentices  and  servants. 
Children  bound  out  must  be  taught  to  read  and  write. 

O.  L.,  XXII,  381,  Feb.  23,  1824.  An  act  concerning  apprentices  and  serv- 
ants. Arithmetic  to  the  rule  of  three  added  to  the  preceding 
requirements.  A  new  Bible  and  two  suits  of  clothes  to  be  fur- 
nished at  the  end  of  the  period  of  service. 

Orphan  Asylums,  Etc. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  52,  Jan.  25,  1833.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati 
Orphan  Asylum. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  216,  Feb.  27,  1834.  An  act  to  provide  a  fund  for  the  re- 
lief of  the  widows  and  children  of  the  clergy  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in  Ohio. 


Appendix  A.  197 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  202,   March   13,   1837.    An   act  to   incorporate  the   Stark 

County  Orphans'  Institute. 
O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  87,  March  3,  1840.    Repealing  the  preceding  act.    The 

corporation  had  assumed  banking  privileges. 
O.  L.,  XXXV,  513,  April  3,  1837.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cleveland 

Female    Orphan    Asylum.     Lowry    Willy    and    11    other    women 

incorporators. 
O.  L.,  XXXVI,  185,  March  5,  1838.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  Columbus 

Female  Benevolent  Society.     Mary  Cressy  and  six  other  women. 
O.  L.,  XLI,  112,  March  2,  1843.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  St.  Aloysius 

Orphan  Asylum  of  Cincinnati. 
O.  L.  XLII,   172,    March    12,    1844.     An   act  to   incorporate  the   Dayton 

Female  Association  for  the  benefit  of  orphans. 
O.  L.,  XLIII,  101,  Feb.  18,  1845.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees  of 

the  New  Orphan  Asylum  of  Colored  Children  of   Cincinnati. 

EDUCATION  OF  DELINQUENTS 

O.  L.,  XLI,  74,  March  13,  1843.  An  act  for  the  regulation  of  county 
jails.  Each  inmate  shall  be  furnished  with  a  Bible.  Sheriff 
shall  keep  a  record  of  means  furnished  prisoners  of  literary, 
moral  and  religious  instruction. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  446,  March  6,  1845.  Resolution.  Directors  of  Ohio  Peni- 
tentiary authorized  to  employ  a  suitable  person  as  a  religious  and 
moral  instructor. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  393,  March  12,  1845.  An  act  to  authorize  the  City  of  Cin- 
cinnati to  erect  a  House  of  Correction. 

ACTS    CONCERNING   THE    EDUCATION    OF   TEACHERS 

O.  L.,  XXX,  232,  Feb.  13,  1832.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Western 
Academic  Institute  and  Board  of  Education.  Elijah  Slack  and 
14  others. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  217,  Feb.  27,  1834.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Teachers' 
Institute.  For  instructing  professional  school  teachers.  Lyman 
Beecher  and  eight  others.  Board  shall  report  annually  to  the 
Secretary  of  the  State  of  Ohio. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  18,  Dec.  17,  1832.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Marietta 
Collegiate  Institute  and  Western  Teachers'  Seminary. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  193,  Feb.  19,  1833.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Wayne 
County,  Ohio,  Teachers'  Association. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  417,  April  1,  1837.  An  act  to  incorporate  The  Teachers' 
Institute  at  Fair  Mound,  in  Licking  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  192,  March  23,  1840.  An  act  to  incorporate  The  Ameri- 
can Lyceum  of  Education  in  the  City  of  Cincinnati.  A  model 
school  and  one  in  which  experiments  may  be  made  to  be  one 
feature. 


198  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XLV,  67,  Feb.  8,  1847.  An  act  to  incorporate  Teachers'  Insti- 
tutes. Act  in  force  only  in  the  Counties  of  Ashtabula,  Lake, 
Geauga,  Cuyahoga,  Erie,  Lorain,  Medina,  Trumbull,  Portage, 
Summit  and  Delaware. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  261,  Feb.  15,  1849.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Farming- 
ton  Normal  School  in  the  County  of  Trumbull.  Edwin  Love- 
land  and  eight  others.  Citizens  raised  $2,575.00  for  school.  Site 
donated. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    SUPPLEMENTARY    EDUCATIONAL    AGENCIES 

Libraries. 

O.  L.,  Ill,  288,  Feb.  21,  1805.    Dayton  Library  Society. 

O.  L.,  V,  62,  Jan.  26,  1806.     Library  society  to  be  known  as  "Granville 

Alexandrian  Society,"  in  the  town  of  Granville,  in  the   County 

of  Licking.     (Repealed  later  for  banking  activities.) 
O.   L.,    VI,    127,   Feb.    10,   1808.      New   Town   Library    Company,    in   the 

County  of  Hamilton. 

O.  I..,  VIII,  141,  Feb.  19,  1810.    Western  Library  Association. 
O.  L.,  VIII,  197,  Feb.  19,  1910.     Poland  Library  Society. 
O.  L.,  VIII,  251,  Feb.  19,  1810.     Washington  Social  Library  Company. 
O.  L.,  X,  5,  Dec.  17,  1811.    Wooster  Library  Society. 
O.  L.,  X,  14,  Dec.  23,  1811.     Lebanon  Library  Society. 
O.  L.,  X,  178,  Feb.  20,  1812.     Platonic  Library  Society,  in  the  towns  of 

Sunbury  and  Berkshire  in  Delaware  County. 

O.  L.,  XI,  14,  Jan.  2,  1813.     Circulating  Library  Society  of  Cincinnati. 
O.  L.,  XII,  55,  Jan.  18,  1814.     Boardman  Library  Society,  in  the  County 

of  Trumbull. 

O.  L.,  XII,  61,  Jan.  19,  1814.     Troy  Library  Society. 
O.  L.,  XII,   147,   Feb.   10,   1814.     Euclid  Library   Society,  in   the   County 

of  Cuyahoga. 

O.  L.,  XIII,  11,  Dec.  22,  1814.     Circulating  Library  Society  of  Cincinnati. 
O.  L.,  XIII,  14,   Dec.  22,   1814.     Village  Library   Society  of   Burton,   in 

the  County  of  Geauga. 
O.  L.,  XIII,  75,  Jan.  13,  1815.     Eaton  Library  Society,  in  the  County  of 

Preble. 
O.  L.,  XIII,  285,   Feb.   16,  1815.     Northern   Social  Library   Company  of 

Harpersfield. 

O.  L.,  XIV,  6,  Dec.  16,  1815.     Waynesville  Library  Company. 
O.  L.,  XIV,  256,  Feb.  20,  1816.     Fearing  Library  Society,  in  the  County 

of  Washington. 
O.  L.,  XIV,  263,   Feb.  21,  1816.     Social  Library  Company  of  Salem,   in 

the  County  of  Ashtabula. 

O.  L.,  XVII,  154,  Feb.  8,  1819.  Amendatory.  Circulating  Library  Com- 
pany of  Cincinnati. 


Appendix  A  199 

O.  L.,  XX,  36,  Feb.  1,  1822.     Amendatory.     Social  Library  Company  of 

Salem. 

O.  L.,  XXII,  36,  Jan.  20,  1824.    Relating  to  State  Library. 
SEC.  1.     Librarian,  $200  per  year. 
SEC.  2.     Bond  of  $2,000. 
SEC.  3.     Librarian   shall  give  receipt   for   all  books,   etc.,  to 

the  treasurer  of  the  state. 

SEC.  4.     Three   hundred   and   fifty   dollars   appropriated   an- 
nually for  purchase  of  "useful  books"  and  maps. 

SEC.  5.     List  of  books   needed  may  be  submitted  by   mem- 
bers, judges,  etc. 

SEC.  6.     Covering   resignation   of   librarian., 
SEC.  7.     Provision  for  necessary  furniture. 
O.  L.,  XXIII,   3,  Dec.  29,   1824.     Elizabethtown   Social   Library   Society, 

in  the  County  of  Hamilton. 
O.  L.,  XXIII,    101,    Jan.    28,    1825.     Social    Library    of    Kendal,    in    the 

County  of  Stark. 
O.  L.,  XXIII,  76,  Feb.  7,  1825.     Windham  Library  Society,  in  the  County 

of  Portage. 
O.  L.,  XXIV,  5,  Dec.  23,  1825.     Frederickstown  Library  Society,  in  the 

County  of  Knox. 

O.  L.,  XXIV,  24,  Jan.  17,  1826.     Preble  County  Library  Society. 
O.  L.  XXIV,  35,   Jan.  24,    1826.     Bloomfield   Social    Library   Society,    in 

the  County  of  Trumbull. 
O.  L.,  XXIV,  82,  Feb.  4,  1826.     Social  Library  Society,  in  the  town  of 

Fairfield,  County  of  Columbiana. 
O.  L.,  XXIV,    86,    Feb.   7,    1826.     Eldridge   Library   Association,    in    the 

County  of  Huron. 
O.  L.,  XXV,    8,    Dec.    15,    1826.     Franklin    Library    Company    of    Little 

Sandy. 

O.  L.,  XXV,  3,  Jan.  9,  1827.     Dayton  Library. 
O.  L.,  XXV,  57,  Jan.  6,  1827.     Buffalo  Library  Society,  in  the  Counties 

of   Guernsey,   Morgan   and   Muskingum. 
O.  L.,  XXV,  56,  Jan.  23,  1827.     Columbia  Library  Society,  in  the  County 

of  Lorain. 
O.  L.,  XXV,   42,   Jan.   26,    1827.     Brookfield    Social   Library    Society    of 

the  County  of  Morgan. 
O.  L.,  XXV,  55,  Jan.  26,  1827.    Harmony  Library  Society,  in  the  County 

of  Fayette. 
O.  L.,  XXVI,   3,    Dec.    14,    1827.     Newburgh     Library     Society,     in     the 

County  of  Cuyahoga. 
O.  L.,  XXVI,  4,  Dec.  18,  1827.     Liberty  Library  Society,  in  the  County 

of  Butler. 
O.  L.,  XXVI,   27,   Jan.    1,    1828.     "Hubbard    Library    Company,"    in   the 

County  of  Trumbull. 
O.  L.,  XXVI,  41,  Jan.  16,  1828.     Union  Library  Society  of  Lexington. 


200  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXVI,    119,   Jan.   21,    1828.     Yellow    Spring   Library    Society,   of 

the  County  of  Greene. 

O.  L.,  XXVI,  107,  Jan.  29,  1828.     Lorain  County  Library  Society. 
O.  L.,  XXVI,  106,   Feb.  11,   1828.     "The  Hartford  Library  Society,'   in 

the  County  of  Trumbull." 
O.  L.,  XXVI,    161,    Jan.    29,    1828.     Monroe    Traveling   and    Circulating 

Library  Society. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,  5,  Dec.  22,  1828.     Social  Library  Company  of  Madison, 

in  the  County  of  Geauga. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,  10,  Dec.  24,  1828.    Amendatory.     Frederickstown  Library 

Society. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,  14,  Dec.  29,  1828.     The  Chester  Library  Association,  in 

the  County  of  Geauga. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,   21,   Jan.   5,    1829.     Sunbury   Library   Association,    in   the 

County  of  Delaware. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,  63,  Jan.   30,    1829.     Olin   School  Library   Society,   of   the 

County  of  Morgan. 

O.  L.,  XXVII,  95,  Feb.  9,  1829.    Nelson  Library  Society. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,  95,  Feb.  9,  1829.    "Barlow  Library  Society,"  in  the  County 

of  Washington. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,   103,  Feb.  9,  1829.     Granville  Library,  in  the  County  of 

Licking. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,  10,  Dec.  29,  1828.    Social  Library  of  Greene,  in  County 

of  Trumbull. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,  Feb.  2,  1829.     "Lyme  and  Ridgefield  Circulating  Library 

Society,"  in  the  County  of  Huron. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,  127,  Feb.  11,  1829.     Madison  Library  Association,  in  the 

County  of   Hamilton. 

SEC.  2.     Milford  Circulating  Library  Society  declared  a  body 

politic. 
O.  L.,  XXVII,  Feb.  11,  1829.     Vernon  Library  Association,  in  the  County 

of  Scioto. 
O.  L.,  XXVIII,    8,    Dec.    31,    1829.    Venice    Library    Society,    in    Butler 

County. 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,  22,   Jan.   12,    1830.     Brecksville   Columbian   Library   So- 
ciety, in  the  County  of  Cuyahoga. 
O.  L.,  XXVIII,  23,  Jan.   12,   1830.     Dresden  Library  Association  in  the 

County  of  Muskingum. 
O.  L.,  XXVIII,    46,    Jan.    21,    1830.     Windsor    Library    Society,    in    the 

County  of  Ashtabula. 
O.  L.,  XXVIII,  62,  Feb.  2,  1830.     Mesopotamia  Social  Library  Company, 

in  the  County  of  Trumbull. 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,  70,  Feb.  9,  1830.     Marietta  Library. 
O.  L.,  XXVIII,  164,  Feb.  22,  1830.     Newbury  Social  Library  Society,  in 

the  County  of  Geauga. 


Appendix  A.  201 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  11,  Dec.  21,  1830.  Dover  Library  Association,  in  the 
County  of  Athens. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  13,  Dec.  27,  1830.     Ashtabula   Social  Library  Association. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  25,  Dec.  21,  1830.  Williamsburg  Library  Society,  in  the 
County  of  Clermont. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  41,  Jan.  6,  1831.  Social  Circulating  Library  Association, 
in  village  of  Waverly,  County  of  Pike. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  49,  Jan.  17,  1831.  Hamilton  and  Rossville  Library  So- 
ciety, in  the  County  of  Butler. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  50,  Jan.  17,  1831.     Middlebury  Library  Company. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  57,  Jan.  31,  1831.  Olmstead  Library  Company,  in  the 
County  of  Cuyahoga. 

O.  L.  XXIX,  67,  Jan.  31,  1831.  Athens  Library  Society,  in  the  County 
of  Athens. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  83,  Feb.  7,  1831.  Austinburg  Social  Library  Association, 
in  the  County  of  Ashtabula. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  119,  Feb.  11,  1831.  Wayne  and  Cherry  Valley  Union  Li- 
brary Association,  in  County  of  Ashtabula. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  142,  Feb.  24,  1831.  Utica  Library  Society,  in  the  County 
of  Licking. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  179,  March  2,  1831.     Capital  Library  Society  of  Columbus. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  4,  Dec.  19,  1831.  Harrisville  Library  Association,  in  the 
County  of  Medina. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  60,  Jan.  31,  1832.  New  Paris  Library  Society,  in  County 
of  Preble. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  133,  Feb.  7,  1832.  Clarksfield  Library  Society,  of  Huron 
County. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  134,  Feb.  7,  1832.  "Darke  County  Library  Society,"  in  the 
County  of  Darke. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  244,  Feb.  11,  1832.  Guernsey  County  Library  and  Reading 
Room. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  267,  Feb.  11,  1832.  "Farmers'  Library  Company,"  in  County 
of  Seneca. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  275,  Feb.  11,  1832.  Library  Society  of  London,  in  Madi- 
son County. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  276,  Feb.  11,  1832.  West  Branch  Library  Association,  in 
Miami  County. 

O.  L.,  XXX,  277,  Feb.  11,  1832.  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Library  So- 
ciety of  Berkshire,  in  the  County  of  Delaware. 

O.  L,  XXXI,  10,  Dec.  24,   1832.     Dane  Law  Library. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  31,  Jan.  15,  1833.  Milford  Library  Association,  in  the 
County  of  Union. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  63,  Jan.  31,  1833.     Cleveland  Library  Company. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  83,  Feb.  6,  1833.  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Library  Asso- 
ciation, in  Aurora,  Portage  County. 


202  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  159,  Feb.  19,  1833.     "Wadsworth  Library  Society,"  in  the 

County  of  Medina. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  89,  Feb.  6,  1833.     Massillon  Library  Society. 
O.  L.,  XXXI,  94,  Feb.  7,  1833.     Eden  Library  Association,  in  County  of 

Seneca. 

SEC.  1.     Incorporated  name,  "Eden  Social  Library." 
O.  L.,  XXXI,  105,  Feb.  12,  1833.     Franklin  Library  Association  of  Guil- 

ford,  in  the  County  of  Medina. 
O.  L.,  XXXI,  132,  Feb.  19,   1833.     Fitchville  Library  Society,  in  Huron 

County. 
O.  L.,  XXXI,    195,    Feb.    23,    1833.     Lancaster   Library   Association,    in 

County  of  Fairfield. 
O.  L.,  XXXII,    16,   Dec.  31,   1833.     Rome  Library  Company,   in    County 

of  Ashtabula. 
O.  L.,  XXXII,  51,  Feb.  3,   1834.    Richfield  Social  Library  Company,  in 

the  County  of  Medina. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  122,  Feb.  21,  1834.     Akron  Lyceum  and  Library  Associa- 
tion Company,  in  Akron,  Portage  County. 
O.  L.,  XXXII,   150,  Feb.  24,   1834.     Harmony  Library  Company,  in   Sa- 

lena  Township,  Muskingum  County. 
O.  L.,  XXXII,  177,  Feb.  25,  1834.     Gustavus   Centre  Library  Company, 

in  County  of  Trumbull. 
O.  L.,  XXXII,  191,  Feb.  25,  1834.    Lagrange  Library  Association,  in  the 

County  of  Lorain. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,   195,  Feb.  25,  1834.     "Cincinnati  Law  Library." 
O.  L.,  XXXII,  225,  Feb.  28,  1834.     Springboro  Library  Company,  in  the 

County  of  Warren. 
O.  L.,  XXXII,  238,  March  1,  1834.    Free  Discussion  Library  of  Andover, 

in  Ashtabula  County. 
O.  L.,  XXXII,  265,  March  1,  1834.     Montville  Social  Library  Company, 

in  the  County  of  Geauga. 
O.  L.,  XXXIII,  38,  Feb.  3,  1835.     Penfield  Library  Society,   in  Penfield 

Township,  Lorain  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  38,  Feb.  3,  1835.     New  Lyme  Young  Men's  Library  So- 
ciety. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  117,  Feb.  24,  1835.    "The  Milford  Library  Association." 
O.  L.,  XXXIII,    119,   Feb.   25,    1835.    Delaware   Library  Association,   in 

the   County   of    Delaware. 
O.  L.,  XXXIII,  149,  Feb.  26,  1835.    Roscoe  Social  Library  Company,  in 

the  County  of  Coshocton. 
O.  L.,  XXXIII,   149,   Feb.  26,   1835.     Hinckley  Social  Library  Company, 

in  Hinckley  Township,  Medina  County. 
O.  L.,  XXXIII,  160,  March  3,  1835.     Darrtown  Library  Company,  in  the 

County  of  Butler. 
O.  L.,  XXXIII,    197,    March   5,    1835.     Painesville    Lyceum   and   Library 

Society. 


Appendix  A.  203 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  320,  March  7,  1835.  Vermilion  Library  Company,  of 
Huron  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  330,  March  7,  1835.     Urbana  Juvenile  Library. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  25,  Jan.  5,  1836.  "Young  Men's  Mercantile  Library  As- 
sociation of  Cincinnati." 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  83,  Jan.  27,  1836.  Bellville  Library  Company,  in  the 
County  of  Richland. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  133,  'Feb.  29,  1836.     Highland  Library  Association. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  305,  March  7,  1835.  Wellington  Social  Library  Com- 
pany, in  Wellington  Township,  Lorain  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  197,  March  1,  1836.  Bedford  Library  Company,  in  the 
County  of  Cuyahoga. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  383,  March  10,  1836.  Hopewell  Library  Company,  in 
Muskingum  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  467,  March  14,  1836.  Westfield  Library  Society,  in  Town- 
ship of  Westfield,  in  County  of  Medina. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  468,  March  14,  1836.  Brooklyn  Library  Company,  in 
Cuyahoga  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  468,  March   14,   1836.     Greenville  Library  Association. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  488,  March  14,  1836.  Port  Washington  Lyceum  and  Li- 
brary Company,  in  County  of  Tuscarawas. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  488,  March  14,  1836.     Rutland  Library  Association. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  47,  Jan.  10,  1837.  Paris  Library  Association,  of  Rich- 
land  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  53,  Jan.  23,  1837.  Blendon  Library  Society,  in  the  County 
of  Franklin. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  96,  Feb.  18,  1837.  North  Royalton  Social  Library  Society, 
in  the  County  of  Cuyahoga. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  104,  Feb.  27,  1837.  Darby  Creek  Lyceum  and  Library 
Association,  in  the  County  of  Union. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  119,  March  2,  1837.  Braceville  Library  Company,  in  the 
County  of  Trumbull. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  195,  March  13,  1837.  Monroe  Lyceum  of  Natural  His- 
tory, and  Library  Association,  in  Ashtabula  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  196,  March  13,  1837.  Ruggles  Library  Society,  of  Huron 
County. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  227,  March  14,  1837.     New  Philadelphia  Library  Society. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  340,  March  27,  1837.  Sandusky  City  Lyceum  and  Library 
Association,  in  the  County  of  Huron. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  346,  March  29,  1837.  Parma  Library  Association,  in  Cuy- 
ahoga County. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  353,  March  29,  1837.  Creating  an  additional  number  of 
directors  of  the  Platonic  Library  Society,  of  the  County  of 
Delaware. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  445,  April  3,  1837.  Amendatory.  Young  Men's  Mercan- 
tile Library  Association  of  Cincinnati. 


204  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  562,  April  1,  1837.     Resolution  appointing  a  committee  to 

select  new  works  for  State  Library. 
O.  L.,  XXXVI,    106,    Feb.    23,    1838.      Granger    Library    Association,    in 

County  of  Medina. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  127,  Feb.  27,  1838.     Lenox  Library  Association,  in  Ash- 
tabula  County. 
O.  L.,  XXXVI,  270,  March  13,  1838.     "Young  Men^s  Association  of  the 

City  of  Toledo." 

SEC.  1.     Funds  to  be  used  only  for  supporting  a  Lyceum  and 

Public  Library. 
O.  L.,  XXXVI,  378,  March  17,  1838.     Painesville  Library  Association,  in 

County  of  Geauga. 
O.  L.,  XXXVII,  21,  Jan.  21,  1839.     McConnellsville  Library  and  Reading 

Room  Association. 
O.  L.,  XXXVII,  84,  Feb.  28,  1839.     First  Universalian  Religious  Library 

Society  of   Harmar. 
O.  L.,  XXXVII,  126,  March  7,  1839.     St.  Mary's  Library  Association,  in 

County  of  Mercer. 
O.  L.,  XXXVII,  144,  March  9,  1839.     Martinsville  Silliman  Institute  and 

Library  Company. 
O.  L.,  XXXVII,   147,   March   9,   1839.     Franklin  Library  Association,   in 

the  County  of  Mercer. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,    217,    March    12,    1839.      Elizabethtown    Circulating    Li- 
brary  Society,   in  the   County   of   Licking. 
O.  L.,  XXXVII,  219,  March  12,  1839.     Perrysburgh  Lyceum  and  Library 

Association. 
O.  L.,  XXXVII,  257,  March  16,  1839.     Worthington  Literati. 

SEC.  1.     To   establish  a  library  and  lyceum. 
O.  L.,  XXXVII,  263,   March  16,   1839.     Fredonia   Social  Library,  in  the 

County  of  Licking. 
O.  L.,  XXXVII,  295,  March  16,   1839.     Fairfield  Library  Association,  in 

the  County  of  Huron. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  19,  Jan.  17,  1840.     Youth's  Neville  Library  Society. 
O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  28,     Jan.  29,  1840.     Marysville  Library  Institute. 
O.  L.,  XXXVIII,    29,    Jan.    29,    1840.     Oxford    Library    Society,    in    the 

County  of  Butler. 
O.  L.,  XXXVIII,    36,    Feb.    3,    1840.     Addison    Library    Association,    of 

Champaign  County. 
O.  L.,  XXXVIII,    37-  Feb.   3,    1840.     Athenian   Library    Society,   in   the 

County  of  Warren. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  45,  Feb.  7,  1840.     Portsmouth  Library  Company. 
O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  70,  Feb.  18,  1840.     Kalida  Lyceum  and  Library  Asso- 
ciation. 
O.  L.,  XXXVIII,   111,   March   9,   1840.     Burlington   Library  Association, 

in  the  County  of  Lawrence. 


Appendix  A.  205 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  179,  March  20,   1840.     Twinsburg  Library  Association, 
in  the  County  of  Summit. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,   183,    March   21,    1840.     Reading   Mutual    Improvement 
and  Library  Association,  in  Hamilton  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  197,  March  23,  1840.     Repealing  charter  of  Washington 
Social  Library  Company. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,   53,    March   20,    1841.     Franklin   Library  Association,    of 
Carlisle  and  Elyria,  in  the  County  of  Lorain. 

O.  L,,  XXXIX,    54,    March    20,    1841.     Orange    Library    Association,    in 
County  of  Cuyahoga. 

O.  L.,  XL,  113,  March  7,  1842.     Repealing  Granville  Alexandrian  Society 
because  of  banking  activities. 

O.  L.,  XL,  103,  March  27,  1841.     May  field  Circulating  Library,  in  Town- 
ship of  Mayfield,  in  County  of  Cuyahoga. 

O.    L.,   XL,   104,   March  27,   1841.     Franklin  Library   Society  of  Water- 
ford,  in  Knox  County. 

O.  L.,  XL,  31,  Feb.  15,  1842.     Union  Library  Association  of  Richmond, 
in  the  County  of  Ashtabula. 

O.  L.,  XL,  35,  Feb.  26,  1842.     Dover  Library  Association,  in  the  County 
of  Cuyahoga. 

O.  L.,  XL,  36,   Feb.  26,    1842.     Donnelsville  Library  Association,   in  the 
County  of  Clark. 

O.  L.,  XL,  5,   Jan.  5,   1842.     First   Moral   Library  Association,   of   Wil- 
liamsfield,  in  the  County  of  Ashtabula. 

O.  L.,  XL,  16,  Jan.  27,  1842.     Chagrin  Falls  Mechanics'  Library  Associa- 
tion, in  the  County  of  Cuyahoga. 

O.  L.,  XL,  85,  March  5,  1842.     Orwell  Library  and  Reading  Society,  of 
Township  of  Orwell,  Ashtabula  County. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  52,  Feb.  2,  1843.     Badger  Library  Society,  of  Plain,  in  the 
County  of  Wood. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  85,  Feb.  17,  1843.     New  Orange  Library  Society,  of  Cass,  in 
Miami    County. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  91,  Feb.  28,  1843.     Jefferson  Library  Association,  of  Town- 
ship of  Jefferson,   in  County  of  Ashtabula. 

O.  L.,  XLI,   176,  March  11,   1843.     Mechanics'  Lyceum  and  Library  As- 
sociation, of  town  of  Warren,  in  County  of  Trumbull. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  110,  Feb.  26,  1844.     Champeon  Library  Association  at  Cha- 
grin Falls,  in  the  County  of  Cuyahoga. 

O.  L..  XLII,  169,  March  11,  1844.     Cincinnati  Philosophical  Library  As- 
sociation, in  County  of  Hamilton. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  213,   March  12,   1844.     Ravenna  Library  Association. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  58,  March  6,  1845.     Regulating  the  State  Library. 

SEC.  1.  The  State  Library  shall  be  under  control  and  man- 
agement of  board  of  commissioners  consisting  of  Governor, 
Secretary  of  State  and  State  Librarian. 


206  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  61,  Feb.  3,  1845.  Young  Men's  Book  Association  of  West 
Canaan,  in  the  County  of  Madison. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  62,  Feb.  3,  1845.  General  Library  Association  of  Cincin- 
nati. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  68,  Feb.  10,  1845.  New  Carlisle  Social  Library  Company, 
in  Clark  County,  and  the  Library  Association  of  Harlem,  Car- 
roll County. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  70,  Feb.  10,  1845.  Talltnadge  Library  Association,  in 
County  of  Summit 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  274,  March  6,  1845.     Miamisburg  Library  Association. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  311,  March  8,  1845.  Act  for  relief  of  creditors  of  Gran- 
ville  Alexandrian  Society. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  361,  March  11,  1845.  Incorporating  certain  literary  socie- 
ties: 

SEC.  4.     Farmers'    and    Mechanics'    Library    Association    of 
West  Lodi,  Seneca  County. 

SEC.  9.     German  Catholic  Library  Association  of  Cincinnati. 
SEC.  10.     Donaldsville  Library  Association,  in  Clark  County. 
SEC.  13.     Hanover    Social    Library    Association,    in     Butler 
County. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  389,  March  12,  1845.  Linton  Library  Association,  of 
County  of  Coshocton. 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  149,  Feb.  18,  1848.     Cleveland  Library  Association. 

O.  L.,  XLVIH,  632,  March  22,  1850.  Young  Men's  Catholic  Association 
of  Cincinnati. 

SEC.  1.     A  library  association. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  635,  March  21,  1850.     Western  Library  Institute. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  640,  March  23,  1850.     Warren  Library  Association. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  250,  Dec.  30,  1843.  Resolution.  Relative  to  the  incorporation 
of  churches,  religious  societies,  library  associations,  literary  so- 
cieties, etc.  Bills  shall  be  referred  to  the  standing  Committee 
on  Corporations,  of  the  House  in  which  presented,  which  com- 
mittee shall  be  instructed  to  retain  the  same  until  near  the  close 
of  the  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  when  they  shall  report 
one  bill  for  the  incorporation  of  all  such  churches,  and  religious 
societies,  one  for  the  incorporation  of  literary  societies,  library 
associations,  etc. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  260,  March  6,  1844.  Resolution.  WHEREAS,  By  resolution 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  March  13,  1843,  authorizing  the 
Secretary  of  State  to  furnish  each  college,  university  and  scien- 
tific and  literary  institution  in  this  state,  when  called  for  at  the 
office  of  the  secretary,  one  copy  each  (of  various  reports). 

Resolved,  To  furnish  documents  in  the  same  manner  to  all 
incorporated  library  associations. 


Appendix  A.  207 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  70,  March  11,  1845.  An  act  to  regulate  literary  and  other 
societies. 

SEC.  1.  That  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  it 
shall  be  lawful  for  any  literary,  scientific,  Odd  Fellows  or  other 
benevolent  association  within  this  states,  to  elect  any  number  of 
their  members,  not  less  than  three,  to  serve  as  trustees  and  one 
member  as  clerk,  who  shall  hold  their  offices  during  the  pleas- 
ure of  the  society. 

SEC.  2.  Proceedings  of  such  election  to  be  recorded  with 
the  county  recorder. 

SEC.  3.  Trustees  shall  have  perpetual  succession  and  shall 
possess  the  powers  and  privileges,  and  be  subject  to  the  restric- 
tions imposed  under  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  regulate  incor- 
porated literary  societies,"  etc.,  passed  March  7,  1831. 

Athenaeums,  Lyceums,  Literary  Societies,  Etc. 

O.  L.,  XXVII,   7,   Dec.  22,   1828.    Zanesville  Athenaeum. 

"Funds  not  to  be  employed  for  any  other  than  literary  pur- 
poses, the  purchase  of  books,  maps,  charts,  pamphlets  and  news- 
papers." 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  126,  Feb.   14,   1831.     Cincinnati  Lyceum. 

Morgan  Neville,  named  with  11  others,  including  Salmon  P. 
Chase.  SEC.  1.  "with  their  associates  who  have  united  together 
for  the  purpose  of  promoting  the  diffusion  of  useful  knowledge 
among  all  classes  of  the  community." 

SEC.  3.  "with  power  to  establish  such  schools,  classes  and 
professorships,  and  appoint  such  professors,  lecturers,  and  teach- 
ers therein  as  to  them  shall  seem  expedient." 

O.  L.,  XXX,  229,  Feb.  13,  1832.    Steubenville  Athenaeum. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  58,  Jan.  29,  1833.     Mount  Vernon  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  81,  Jan.  29,  1833.     Cincinnati  Literary  Society. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  92,  Feb.  6,  1833.     McConnelsville  Athenaeum. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  117,  Feb.  13,  1833.     Cleveland  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  227,  Feb.  25,  1833.     Urbana  Athenaeum. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  234,  Feb.  25,  1833.    Xenia  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  8,  Dec.  24,  1833.     Medina  County  Athenaeum. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  31,  Feb.  3,  1834.  Young  Men's  Reading  and  Literary  So- 
ciety of  Morgan,  Ashtabula  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  105,  Feb.  20,  1834.     Springfield  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  140,  Feb.  24,  1834.     Elyria  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  150,  Feb.  24,  1834.     Guilford  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  165,  Feb.  24,  1834.  Chillicothe  Lyceum  and  Mechanics' 
Institute. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  217,  Feb.  27,  1834.    Zanesville  Juvenile  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  234,  Feb.  28,   1834.     Circleville  Athenaeum. 


208  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications'. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  148,  Feb.  26,  1835.    Gallipolis  Lyceum. 

O.  L,  XXXIII,  396,   March  9,  1835.     Cuyahoga  Falls  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  411,  March  9,  1835.     Peru   (Delaware  County)   Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  190,  Feb.  29,  1836.     The  Wellsville  Literary  Institute. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  191,  March  1,  1836.     Bedford  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  546,  March  14,  1836.     Brooklyn  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  22,  Jan.  3,  1837.     Putnam  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  49,  Jan.  23,  1837.     New  Lisbon  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  167,  March  10,  1837.  Columbus  Literary  and  Scientific 
Institute. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  336,  March  23,   1837.     Litchfield  Lyceum  and   Society. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  405,  April  1,  1837.     Stark  County  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  39,  Jan.  26,  1838.    Newark  Athenaeum. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  187,  March  5,  1838.  The  Literary,  Historical  and  Philo- 
sophical Society  of  Canton,  Stark  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  270,  March  13,  1838.     Canal  Dover  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  13,  Jan.  9,   1839.    Johnstown  Lyceum,  Licking  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  18,  Jan.  11,  1839.     Rockport  Lyceum,  Cuyahoga  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  168,  March  12,  1839.     Woodsfield  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  190,  March  12,  1839.     Conneaut  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  294,  March  16,  1839.     Malta  Lyceum. 

O.~L.,  XXXVIII,  8,  Dec.  23,  1839.     Airington  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  19,  Jan.  17,  1840.     Harmar  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  30,  Jan.  29,  1840.  The  Literary  and  Philosophical  So- 
ciety, Smithfield,  Jefferson  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  163,  March  19,  1840.  Franklin  Literary  Society  of 
Bellville,  Richland  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  7,  Jan.  26,  1841.     Ridgeville  Lyceum,  Lorain  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  9,  Jan.  28,  1841.     Massillon  Lyceum,  Stark  County. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  27,  March  11,  1841.     Jamestown  Literary  Society. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  52,  March  20,  1841.     Columbus  Literary  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  52,  March  20,  1841.     Beaver  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  53,   March  20,   1841.     Franklin   Institute,    Portsmouth. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  53,  March  20,  1841.  Lower  Sandusky  Literary  and  Sci- 
entific Institute. 

O.  L.,  XL,  121,  March  8,  1842.     Findlay  Literary  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XL,  123,  March  7,  1842.    Wilkesville  Lyceum,  Gallia  County. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  9,  Jan.  10,  1843.     Berlin  Union  Society,  Holmes  County. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  14,  Jan.  10,  1843.  Young  Men's  Literary  Association  of 
Springfield. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  15,  Jan.  11,  1843.    Defiance  Literary  Lyceum. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  52,  Feb.  2,  1843.  Wayne  Township  Lyceum,  Jefferson  County. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  86,  Feb.  17,  1843.    Alexandria  Literary  Society. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  175,  March  11,  1843.  Massillon  Young  Men's  Polemic  So- 
ciety. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  102,  Feb.  24,  1844.     Erodelphian  Society  of  Gallipolis. 


Appendix  A.  209 

O.  L.,  XLII,  112,  March  4,  1844.    Institute  of  Lower  Sandusky. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  361,  March  11,  1845.  Newcomerstown  Literary  Society. 
Corwin  Literary  Institute,  Springborough,  Warren  County. 

O.  L.,  XLVIII,  640,  March  23,  1850  Mt.  Pleasant  Philomathean,  Kings- 
ton Township,  Ross  County. 

Mechanics'  Institutes  and  Lyceums. 

O.  L.,  XXVII,  92,  Feb.  29,  1829.    The  Ohio  Mechanics'  Institute. 

SEC.  1.     "for  advancing  the  best  interests  of  the  mechanics, 
manufacturers   and   artizans,   by   the   more  general   diffusion   of 
useful  knowledge  in  these  important  classes  of  the  community." 
SEC.  2.     May  establish  professorships  and  appoint  such  pro- 
fessors, lecturers  and  teachers,  etc. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  339,  March  27,  1837.  Mechanics'  Institute,  Lebanon,  War- 
ren County. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  365,  March  16,  1838.  First  Mechanics'  Lyceum  of  Ma- 
rietta. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  135,  March  9,  1839.     Dayton  Mechanics'  Institute. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  139,  March  16,  1840.  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute, Greene  Township,  Hamilton  County. 

O.  L.,  XL,  16,  Jan.  27,  1842.     Mechanics'  Institute,  Urbana. 

O.  L.,  XL,  121,  March  7,  1842.     Batavia  Mechanics'  Institute. 

O.  L.,  XL,  122,  March  7,  1842.  Portsmouth  Mechanics'  Institute  and 
Mechanics'  Library  Association. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  226,  March  13,  1843.     Mechanics'  Association  of  Fulton. 

College  Societies,  Fraternities,  Etc. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  74,  Feb.  29,  1831.  Erodelphian  Society  of  Miami  Univer- 
sity. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  196,  March  8,  1831.  Philomathesian  Society  of  Kenyon 
College. 

O.  L.,  XXXI,  65,  Jan.  31,  1833.  Nu  Pi  Kappa  Society  of  Kenyon  Col- 
lege. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  105,  Feb.  20,  1834.  Phylozetian  Society  of  Western  Re- 
serve College. 

O.  L.,  XXXII,  193,  Feb.  25,  1834.  Philosophic  Literary  Society  of  Frank- 
lin College. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  289,  March  7,  1836.  Jefferson  Literary  Society  of  Frank- 
lin College. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  381,  March  10,  1836.  The  Calliopean  Society  of  the 
Granville  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  5,  Dec.  19,  1836.  Athenian  Literary  Society,  Ohio  Uni- 
versity. 

O.  L.,  XXXV,  3,  Dec.  19,  1836.  Franklin  Scientific  and  Rhetorical  So- 
ciety of  Western  Reserve  College. 

Vol.  XXVII  — 14. 


210  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  15,  Jan.  5,  1838.  Rush  Medical  Society  of  Willoughby 
University  of  Lake  Erie. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  186,  March  5,  1838.  Adelphic  Society  of  Western  Re- 
serve College. 

O.  L.,  XXXVII,  146,  March  9,  1839.  Philomathean  Society  of  the  Ohio 
University. 

O.  .L.,  XXXVIII,  78,  Feb.  26,  1840.  Alpha  Kappa  Society  of  Marietta 
College. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  104,  March  6,  1840.  Miami  Society  of  Miami  Univer- 
sity. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  125,  March  12,  1840.  Union  Literary  Society  of  Miami 
University. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  4,  Dec.  24,  1840.  Phi  Delta  Society  of  Western  Reserve 
College. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  44,  March  20,  1841.  Psi  Gamma  Society  of  Marietta 
College. 

O.  L.,  XL,  23,  Feb.  4,  1842.  Philomathean  Literary  Society  of  Monroe 
Academy. 

O.  L.,  XL,  122,  March  7,  1842.  Amendatory.  Philozethian  Society, 
Western  Reserve  College. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  30,  Jan.  19,  1843.  Young  Men's  Franklin  Society  of  Gran- 
ville  College. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  125,  March  7,  1843.  Miami  Union  Literary  Society  of  Miami 
University. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  220,  March  13,  1843.  Amendatory.  Young  Men's  Franklin 
Society,  to  Franklin  Society  of  Granville  College. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  102,  Feb.  24,  1844.  Amendatory.  Calliopean  Society  Gran- 
ville Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 

O.  L.,  XLII,  102,  Feb.  24,  1844.     Oberlin  Young  Men's  Lyceum. 

O.  L,  XLII,  102,  Feb.  24,  1844.  Handel  Society  of  Western  Reserve 
College. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  130,  Feb.  25,  1845.  Hunterian  Society,  Medical  Depart- 
ment Western  Reserve  College. 

Miscellaneous  Organizations  and  Societies. 

O.  L.,  XX,  47,  Feb.  1,  1822.    Historical  Society  of  Ohio. 

O.  L.,  XXVI,  30,  Jan.  11,  1828.    Cincinnati  Academy  of  Fine  Arts. 

O.  L.,  XXVIII,  179,  Feb.  22,  1830.     Lancaster  Harmonic  Society. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  122,  Feb.  11,  1831.  Amendatory.  Cincinnati  Academy  of 
Fine  Arts. 

O.  L.,  XXIX,  122,  Feb.  11,  1831.  Historical  and  Philosophical  Society 
of  Ohio 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  161,  March  3,  1835.  Eclectic  Academy  of  Music,  Cin- 
cinnati. 

O.  L.,  XXXIX,  50,  March  20,  1841.     Cincinnati  Academy  of  Fine  Arts. 


Appendix  A.  211 

O.  L.,  XL,  174,  March  11,  1843.     New  Paris  Musical  Institute. 

O.  L.,  XXXIV,  110,  Feb.  5,  1836.  The  Western  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences,  Cincinnati. 

O.  L.,  XXXVIII,  138,  March  16,  1840.  Cleveland  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences. 

O.  L.,  XLII,    122,    March   4,    1844.     Cincinnati  Astronomical    Society. 

O.  L.,  XL VII,  256,  Feb.  7,  1849.  Ohio  Institute  of  Natural  Science,  Cin- 
cinnati. 

O.  L.,  XLI,  114,  March  2,  1843.  Columbian  Association  of  Cincinnati  (for 
diffusion  of  useful  knowledge). 

O.  L.,  XLVI,  228,   Feb.  22,   1848.    Western  Art  Union. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  267,  March  8,  1849.     Columbus  Art  Union. 

O.  L.,  XLVII,  268,  March  8,  1849.  Ohio  Education  Society  of  Evangel- 
ical Lutheran  Church. 

O.  L.,  XXXVI,  238,  March  10,  1838.  Society  of  United  Christians  Berea. 
(literary  and  benevolent  purposes). 

O.  L.,  XXXIII,  317,  March  7,  1835.     Western  Baptist  Education  Society. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  86,  Feb.  10,  1845.     Ohio  Baptist  Education  Society. 

O.  L.,  XLIII,  361,  March  11,  1845.  Lower  Sandusky  Phrenological  Mes- 
meric Institute  of  Sandusky  County. 


APPENDIX    B. 

A  PAGE  AND  VOLUME  INDEX  TO  ALL  EDUCATIONAL 

LEGISLATION   IN  THE  SESSION   LAWS  OF 

OHIO   FROM   1803  TO  1850. 


TERRITORIAL  ACTS. 

Nov.  27,  1800,  Nashee's  Compilation,  p.  161.  An  act  authorizing  the 
leasing  of  lands  granted  for  the  support  of  schools  and  for  reli- 
gious purposes  in  the  County  of  Washington. 

Dec.  7,  1800,  Nashee's  Compilation,  p.  220.  An  act  establishing  the  town 
of  Athens  in  the  County  of  Washington. 

Jan.  9,  1802,  Nashee's  Compilation,  p.  220.  An  act  establishing  a  univer- 
sity in  the  town  of  Athens. 

VOL.  I. 

PAGE 

61.     An  act  to  provide  for  the  leasing  of  certain  lands  therein  named. 
117.     An  act  incorporating  the  trustees  of  the  Iirie  Literary  Society. 
148.     Resolution    appointing    three    commissioners    to    appraise    the    two 
college  townships. 

VOL.  II. 

193.     An  act  establishing  a  university  in  the  town  of  Athens. 

297.  Resolution  to  secure  a  law  for  the  university  limiting  the  time  in 
which  military  warrants  may  be  satisfied  in  the  Virginia  dis- 
trict. 

VOL.  III. 

79.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled,  "An  act  establishing  a  university 
in  the  town  of  Athens." 

79.     An  act  directing  a  leasing  made  of  Section  16. 
288.     An  act  incorporating  the  Dayton  Library  Society. 
321.     An  act  to  provide  for  the  leasing  of  certain  lands  therein  named. 
459.     Resolution  appointing  five  trustees  of  the  Ohio  University. 

VOL.  IV. 

25.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  authorizing  the  leasing 
of  certain  lands  in  the  County  of  Washington,  granted  for 
religious  purposes." 

(212) 


Appendix  B.  213 

PAGE 

38.  An  act  supplementary  to  an  act  entitlec,  "An  act  to  amend  an  act 
entitled  'An  act  establishing  a  university  in  the  town  of 
Athens' ". 

66.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  original  surveyed  townships. 

72.     An  act  concerning  apprentices  and  servants. 

70.     An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  year  1806. 

VOL.  V. 

56.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Society  of  St.  John's  Church  in  Worth- 

ington  and  parts  adjacent. 
62.      An  act  for  incorporating  a  library  society  in  the  town  of  Granville, 

County  of  Licking. 
64.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati  University. 

85.  An  act  to  amend  the   several  acts  establishing  the  University  of 

Athens. 

86.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled,  "An  act  incorporating  the  trustees 

of  the  Erie  Literary  Society." 
120.     An   act  authorizing  the   citizens   of   Cincinnati  and  its  vicinity  to 

raise  six  thousand  dollars  for  certain  purposes. 
122.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Religious  Society  of  Marietta. 
132.     Resolution  concerning  lands  in  the  Virginia  Military  Reservation. 

VOL.  VI. 

17.     An  act  incorporating  the  Dayton  Academy. 
24.     An  act  incorporating  the  Presbyterian  Society  in  Red  Oak. 
51.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Worthington  Academy. 
125.     An  act  accepting  certain  lands  offered  by  Congress  for  the  use  of 
Schools  in  the  Virginia  Military  Tract  in  lieu  of  those  hereto- 
fore appropriated. 
127.     An   act   to   incorporate   the  New   Town   Library   Company  in   the 

County  of  Hamilton. 

151.     An  act  for  the  benefit  of  Henry  Barrows. 

156.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees  of  the  Chillicothe  Academy. 
172.     An  act  altering  several  acts  establishing  a  university  in  the  town 
of  Athens. 

VOL.  VII. 

109.  An  act  directing  in  what  manner  lands  granted  by  Congress  for 
the  use  of  schools  in  the  Virginia  Military  Tract  shall  be  sur- 
veyed and  disposed  of. 

165.  An  act  supplementary  to  an  act  for  leasing  Sections  Nos.  16  and 
29  in  fractional  townships  in  the  Ohio  Company's  Purchase. 

167.  An  act  amendatory  to  several  acts  appointing  trustees  to  the  Ohio 
University  and  for  other  purposes. 


214  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

PAGE 

184.     An  act  to  establish  the  Miami  University. 

193.     An    act    for    leasing    Sections    16   and    29    in    fractional    townships 

within  the  Ohio  Company's  purchase. 
195.     An  act  to  amend  an  act  authorizing  the  citizens  of  Cincinnati  and 

its  vicinity  to  raise  $6,000  for  certain  purposes. 

219.     An  act  for  laying  out  and  leasing  Section  16  in  fractional  Town- 
ship 4,  in  the  Miami  Purchase. 

VOL,  VIII. 

12.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Society  for  Propagating  Gospel  among 
the  Heathen,  formed  by  members  of  the  Episcopal  Church  of 
the  United  Brethren. 

26.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  New  Lisbon  Academy. 
94.     An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  establish  the  Miami 

University." 

100.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  original  surveyed  townships. 
141.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Western  Library  Association. 
197.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Poland  Library  Society. 
251.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Washington  Social  Library  Company. 

253.  An  art  supplementary  to  the  acts  directing  in  what  manner  certain 

lands  granted  by  Congress  for  the  use  of  schools  in  the  Vir- 
ginia Military  Tract  shall  be  surveyed  and  disposed  of. 

254.  An  act  amendatory  to  the  above  act. 

VOL.  IX. 

19.     An  act  regulating  the  practice  of  physic  and  surgery. 

30.  An  act  investing  the  disposition  and  management  of  lands  therein 
mentioned  in  a  Board  of  Trustees  under  the  title  of  The  Trus- 
tees of  the  Granville  Religious  and  Literary  Society,  and  for 
other  purposes. 

39.     An  act  for  the  establishment  of  an  academy  at  Steubenville. 

44.  An  act  amending  an  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  authorize  the  town 
council  of  Marietta  to  grant  permanent  leases  of  Section  16 
in  said  town." 

53.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  town  of  Athens. 

57.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Gallia  Academy. 

63.  An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  amendatory  to  the  several 

acts  appointing  trustees  to  the  Ohio  University,  and  for  other 
purposes." 

64.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  for  the  laying  out  and  leasing  Section  16 

in  fractional  Township  4  in  the  Miami  Purchase. 
68.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  David  Phouts. 


Appendix  B.  215 

VOL.  X. 

PAGE 

5.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Wooster  Library  Society. 
12.     An  act  to  authorize  the  trustees  to  sell  and  convey  certain  public 

lots    in    the    town   of    Eaton,    Preble   County,    and    for   other 

purposes. 

14.     An  act  incorporating  the  Lebanon  Library  Society. 
29.     An  act  authorizing  the  incorporated  township  No.  2,  R.  6,  to  lease 

to  William  George  a  lot  of  land  in  Section  16. 

57.  An  act  in  addition  to  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  incorporate  the 

original  surveyed  townships." 

58.  An  act  to  incorporate  a  medical  society. 

68.     An  act  repealing  the  act  for  the  aid  of  David  Phouts. 
73.      An  act  authorizing  the  trustees  of  fractional  School  Section  16  in 
Tp.  1,  of  the  2nd  Range,  and  Tp.  2  of  the  3rd  Range,  to  grant 
permanently,   for  a  mill   site,  a   lot   of  land   in   each  of  said 
sections. 

88.     An  act  further  to  amend  an  act  establishing  the  Miami  University. 
95.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  to  incorporate  the  town  of  Athens. 
97.     An  act  authorizing  the  trustees  of   the  Ohio  University  to  issue 

orders  in  certain  cases,  and  for  other  purposes. 

101.     An  act  to  amend  an  act  for  laying  out  and  leasing  Section  16  in 
fractional  Township  No.  4,  2nd  R.  of  townships  in  the  Miami 
Purchase. 
162.     An  act  to  amend  an  act  to  authorize  the  town  council  of  Marietta 

to  grant  permanent  leases  to  Section  16. 
178.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Platonic  Library  Society,   Sunbury  and 

Berkshire,  Delaware  County. 
198.     Resolution  appointing  two  trustees  for  Ohio  University. 

VOL.  XI. 
14.     An  act  incorporating  the  Circulating  Library  Society,   Cincinnati. 

27.  An  act  to  enlarge  the  college  green  of  the  town  of  Athens. 

28.  An  act  regulating  the  practice  of  physic  and  surgery. 
51.     An  act  incorporating  the  Fearing  Religious  Society. 

61.  An  act  enabling  the  trustees  of  Tp.  6,  R.  3,  in  Belmont  County  to 
make  a  permanent  lease  for  part  of  the  school  land  in  said 
county. 

161.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled, 
'An  act  directing  in  what  manner  certain  lands,  etc.,  shall  be 
disposed  of.'" 

VOL.  XII. 

51 .  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled, 
'Directing  in  what  manner  certain  lands  granted  by  Congress 
for  the  use  of  schools  in  the  Virginia  Military  Tract  shall  be 
surveyed  and  disposed  of.' " 


216  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

PAGE 

55.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Boardman  Library  Society  in  the  County 

of  Trumbull. 
61.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Troy  Library  Society. 

83.  An  act  to  amend  the  several  acts  establishing  Miami  University. 

84.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  John  Stalker  and  others. 

147.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Euclid  Library  Society  in  the  County 
of  Cuyahoga. 

174.  An  act  to  enable  the  trustees  of  the  original  surveyed  township 
No.  3,  R.  8,  in  the  County  of  Washington,  and  the  trustees  of 
the  original  surveyed  township  No.  6,  R.  14,  in  Gallia  County, 
to  grant  permanent  leases  to  the  school  sections  in  said  town- 
ships. 

VOL.  XIII. 

11.     An  act  incorporating  the   Circulating  Library   Society,   Cincinnati. 
14.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  Theological  Library  Society  of  Burton, 

County  of  Geauga. 
75.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Eaton  Library  Society  in  the  County  of 

Preble. 
106.     An  act  to  enable  the  township  trustees  in   Champaign  County  to 

make  a  permanent  lease  of   fractional  School  Section   No.  16 

for  a  mill  site. 

132.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati  Lancaster  Seminary. 
166.     An  act  to  provide  for  granting  permanent  leases  to  certain  tracts 

of  school  lands  in  the  United  States  Military  School  lands. 
285.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Northern   Social  Library   Company  of 

Harpersfield. 
288.     An  act  to  enable  the  inhabitants  of  the  3rd  Tp.,  R.  7,  Washington 

County  to  grant  permanent  leases  for  School  Section  No.  16. 
295.     An  act  supplementary  to  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  incorporate 

the  original  surveyed  townships." 
302.     An  act  to  authorize  the  trustees  of  Zanesville  Township  to  make 

a  permanent  lease  on  a  certain  lot  of  school  land. 
305.     An  act  to  provide  for  the  permanent  leasing  of  Section  16,  4th  Tp., 

Range  14,  County  of  Gallia. 
307.     An  act  further  to  amend  the  act  directing  in  what  manner  certain 

lands   in   the  Virginia   Military   Tract   shall  be    surveyed   and 

disposed  of. 

320.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  David  Moore  and  others. 
332-     Resolution  appointing  four  trustees  for  the  Ohio  University. 
335.     Resolution  appointing  nineteen  trustees  for  Miami  University. 


Appendix  B.  217 

VOL.  XIV. 

PAGE 

6.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Waynesville  Library  Company. 
16.     An  act  for  granting  a  permanent  lease  for  the  S.  E.  quarter  of 

Sec.  16,  Tp.  3,  R.  8,  Greene  County. 
24.     An  act  for  granting  a  permanent  lease  to  school  lands  in   Stark 

County. 
132.     An  act  authorizing  the  trustees  of  the  original  surveyed  townships 

of    Fairfield    County   to   grant   permanent   leases    for   reserve 

Section  16  within  said  county. 
183.     An  act  to  grant  permanent  leases   for   Section   16  in  the  original 

surveyed  township  2,  R.  1,  E.  of  the  meridian  drawn  from  the 

mouth  of  the  Miami  River. 

183.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Montgomery  Academy. 
220.     An  act  authorizing  the  permanent  leasing  of  a  lot  of  school  land 

in  Ross  County. 
256.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Social  Library  Society  of  Salem,  County 

of  Ashtabula. 

266.  An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  incorporate  the  Dayton 

Academy." 

267.  An  act  to  vacate  part  of  College  Street  in  the  town  of  Athens. 
275.     An  act  providing  for  the  permanent  leasing  of  Section  16  in  Gallia 

County. 
418.     An  act  directing  the  manner  of  leasing  the  school  lands  within  the 

Virginia  Military  Tract. 

440.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Tallmadge  Academy,  Portage  County. 
444.     An  act  to  provide  for  granting  permanent  leases  of  certain  tracts 

of  school  lands  in  the  U.  S.  Military  Tract,  Guernsey  County. 

VOL.  XV. 
10.     An  act  for  leasing  a  certain  part  of  Section  16  in  the  John  Cleve 

Symmes  Purchase. 

63.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  for  granting  a  permanent  lease  of  a  cer- 
tain Section  16  in  Greene  County. 
137.     An  act  to   provide  for  the  incorporation  of  schools  and  literary 

companies. 

195.     An  act  regulating  the  practice  of  physic  and  surgery. 
202.     An  act  to  provide  for  leasing  certain  school  lands  therein  named 

(Section  16). 
245.     Resolution  appointing  a  trustee  for  Ohio  University. 

VOL.  XVI. 

6.    An  act  authorizing  the  leasing  of  a  portion  of  Section  16  in  Ham- 
ilton County  to  the  Baptist  Society  for  a  meeting  house. 
16.      An  act  for  leasing  a  certain  part  of  Section  16  in  the  County  of 
Butler. 


218  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

PAGE 

37.     An  act  to  authorize  the  drawing  of  a  lottery  for  the  benefit  of  the 

Ohio  University. 
79.     An  act  exempting  from  taxation  the  lands  belonging  to  the  Wright 

Literary  Society. 

98.     An  act  to  repeal  the  1st  Section  of  the  act  amending  the  act  incor- 
porating the  Dayton  Academy. 
101.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  John  Jordan. 
103.     An   act  to  authorize  the   auditor   to   proceed   against  William    W. 

Cotgreve,  Register  of  the  Virginia  Military  school  lands. 
107.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  regulate  the  practice 

of  physic  and  surgery." 
109.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Florence  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences 

in  Huron  County. 
119.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  providing  for  the  leasing 

of  certain  school  lands  therein  named." 

122.     An  act  to  prevent  the  sale  of  town  lots  for  taxes  in  certain  cases. 
157.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Union  School  Association  of  the  towns 

of  Harpersfield  and  Madison. 

198.     Resolution  appointing  twenty-six  trustees  of  the  Miami  University. 
203.     Resolution  appointing  a  Register  of  the  Virginia  Military   school 

lands. 

VOL.  XVII. 

7.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  John  Twaddle. 

35.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  purchasers  of  the  Virginia  Military  school 
lands. 

31.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  Jermiah  R.  Munson. 

37.     An  act  to  authorize  the  establishment  of  a  medical  school. 

46.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati  College. 

92.  An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  regulate  the  admission 
and  practice  of  doctors  and  counsellors  of  law." 

97.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cadiz  Academy  in  the  County  of  Har- 
rison. 

131.  An  act  further  to  amend  the  several  acts  establishing  the  Miami 

University. 

132.  An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  authorizing  the  trustees 

of  the  original  surveyed  townships  in  the  County  of  Fairfield 

to  grant  permanent  leases,  etc." 
139.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  authorizing  the  Auditor 

to  proceed  against  William  W.  Cotgreve." 
144.     An  act  to  authorize  the  trustees  of  Tp.  2,  R.  1,  within  the  Ohio 

Company's  Purchase  in  the  County  of  Washington  to  make  a 

distribution  of  school  funds  in  said  township. 
149.      An  act  for  leasing  Section  16,  Tp.  15,  R.  13,  in  Wayne  County. 


Appendix  B.  219 

PAGE 

154.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cir- 

culating Library  Company  of  Cincinnati." 

155.  An  act  to  establish  a  college  in  the  town  of  Worthington. 

186.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Union  Academy  in  the  County  of  Mus- 
kingum. 

203.  An  act  to  enable  the  proprietors  of  the  town  of  Mansfield  to  ex- 
change certain  donations  therein  contained. 

VOL.  XVIII. 
Local. 

3.     An  act  to  amend  an  act  to  provide  for  the  permanent  leasing  of 

Section  16,  Tp.  4,  R.  14,  Gallia  County. 
General. 

18.     An  act  providing  for  the  incorporation  of  townships. 
45.     An  act  further  to  amend  the  several  acts  establishing  a  university 

in  the  town  of  Athens. 
54.      An  act  to  amend  the  act  amending  the  act  for  granting  permanent 

leases  for  a  school  section  in  Greene  County. 
61.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  incorporating  the  Cadiz  Academy. 
66.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  an  orphan  Indian  child. 

71.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  certain  lessees  of  the  Virginia  Military 

school  lands. 

78.     An  act  amending  the  act  to  incorporate  the  Union  Academy. 
85.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Lancaster  Academy. 

154.     Resolution  directing  the  agents  for  school  lands  in  the  U.  S.  Mili- 
tary Tract  to  report. 
160.     Resolution  appointing  three  trustees  of  Ohio  University. 

VOL.  XIX. 

28.     An  act  regulating  the  practice  of  physic  and  surgery  within  this 

state. 
35.     An  act  providing  for  the  permanent  leasing  of  Sections  16  and  29 

of  Gallia  County. 
51.     An  act  providing  for  the  regulation  and  support  of  common  scools. 

72.  An  act  to  provide  for  a  revaluation  of  certain  school  lands. 

58.     An  act  establishing  a  commercial  hospital  and  lunatic  asylum  for 

the  state  of  Ohio. 
75.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  certain  lessees  of  Section  16  in  the  Miami 

Purchase. 
78.     An  act  enabling  the  trustees  of  a  certain  school  section  in  Clark 

County  to  make  a  permanent  lease. 
102.     An  act  relative  to  permanent  leases. 
111.     An  act  to  amend  an  act  levying  a  tax  on  land. 

140.  An  act  further  to  amend  the  several  acts  establishing  the  Miami 
University. 


220  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

PAGE 

144.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  lessees  of  Section  16,  Fairfield  County. 

144.  An  act  to  repeal  the  act  for  the  benefit  of  an  Indian  orphan  child. 

145.  An  act  authorizing  a  loan  for  the  use  of  the  state  of  Ohio. 

155.     An  act  authorizing  permanent  leases   of   a  certain   Section   16   in 

the  County  of  Washington. 
161.     An  act  to  provide  for  the  leasing  of  school  lands  within  the  U.  S. 

Military  school  district. 
166.     An  act  to  amend  the  14th  Section  of  the  act  to  incorporate  the 

original  surveyed  townships. 
212.     Resolution  appointing  one  trustee  of  the  Ohio  University. 

212.  Authorizing  the  State  Auditor  to  settle  the  account  of  the  Register 

for  the  Virginia  Military  school  lands. 

213.  Resolution  reappointing  Mordecai  Hartley  register. 


-          .  VOL.  XX. 

General 

Q.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  relative  to  permanent 
leases,"  passed  January  29,  1821. 

49.  An  act  to  amend  the  act  concerning  the  safekeeping  of  idiots,  luna- 
tics, etc.,  passed  January  4,  182' >. 

53.  An  act  supplementary  to  an  act  regulating  the  duties  of  county 
auditors  and  commissioners. 

56.     An  act  levying  a  tax  on  land. 

84.     An  act  supplementary  to  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  incorporate 

the  original  surveyed  townships." 
Local. 

10.  An  act  granting  further  tirrte  to  the  lessees  of  school  lands  in  the 

Virginia  Military  tract  for  the  payment  of  arrearages  in  rent. 

11.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Academy  of  Alma  in  the  town  of  Adams, 

Harrison  County. 

21 .  An  act  authorizing  the  township  trustees  in  Preble  County  to  grant 
a  permanent  lease  with  new  conditions  on  school  lands. 

27.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Urbana  Academy. 

30.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Rutland  Academy  in  the  County  of  Meigs. 

34.     An  act  regulating  school  lands  in  the  Connecticut  Western  Reserve. 

36.  An  act  amending  the  act  to  incorporate  the  Social  Library  Asso- 
ciation of  Salem. 

41.  An  act  supplementary  to  the  act  allowing  further  time  to  the  les- 

sees of  school  lands   in  the  Virginia  Military  Tract   fo;    the 
payment  of  arrearages  of  rent. 

42.  An  act  to  authorize  the  inhabitants  of  Tp.  2,  R.  8,  Washington 

County  to  elect  trustees   for  managing  School  Section   16  in 
said  township. 
47.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Historical  Society  of  Ohio. 


Appendix  B.  221 

PAGE 

51.  An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  further  to  amend  the 
several  acts  establishing  the  Miami  University." 

64.  A  committee  report  —  Resolution  concerning  the  granting  of  school 
lands. 

86.  Resolution   authorizing    the    governor    to   appoint    seven   commis- 

sioners to  report  on  a  system  of  education  for  common  schools. 

87.  Resolution  appointing  two  trustees  of  the  Ohio  Unversity. 

VOL.  XXI. 
General. 

4.  An  act  further  to  amend  the  act  authorizing  the  establishment  of 

a  medical  college. 

5.  An  act  to  ascertain  the  number  of  deaf  and  dumb  persons  in  this 

state. 

26.     An  act  levying  a  tax  on  land. 
33.     An  act  to  authorize  the  surrender  of  certain  leases,  and  for  other 

purposes. 
Local. 
5.     An  act  repealing  the  act  granting  permanent  leases  for  Section  16, 

Tp.  2,  R.  1,  E. 
31.     An  act  amending  the  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees  of  the  Erie 

Literary  Society. 
39.      An  act  for  the  relief  and  benefit  of  an  orphan  Indian  child. 

VOL.  XXII. 
General 
249.     An  act  declaring  what  lands  situated  within  the  State  of  Ohio  are 

subject  to  the  payment  of  taxes. 
381.     An  act  concerning  apprentices  and  servants. 
418.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  original  surveyed  townships. 

Local. 

14.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Franklin  Academy,  Mansfield. 
36.     An  act  relating  to  the  State  Library. 
68.     An  act  further  to  amend  the  several  acts  establishing  the  Miami 

University. 

72.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Norwalk  Academy,  Huron  County. 
82.     An  act  authorizing  a  special  leasing  of  the  Virginia  Military  school 

lands. 
104.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Belmont  Academy  in  St.  Clairsville,  Bel- 

mont  County. 

106.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Milford  Union  School  Society  in  Mil- 
ford,  Clermont  County. 

109.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Jefferson  School  Association. 
142.     An  act  to  incorporate  medical  societies. 


222  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

0 

PAGE 

153.     Resolution   and   memorial  to    Congress   on   the    subject   of    school 

lands. 

162.     Resolution  asking  for  school  lands  in  the  Western  Reserve. 
164.     Resolution  appointing  trustees  of  the  Ohio  University. 
186.     Resolution  appointing  one  trustee  of  the  Ohio  University. 

VOL.  XXIII. 
General 

16.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  incorporating  medical  societies,  etc. 

19.     An  act  for  the  better  regulation  of  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio, 

and  making  certain  appropriations. 
23.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  levying  a  tax  upon  land. 
25.     An  act.  for  the  relief  of  lessees  of  the  Virginia  Military  school 

lands. 
36.     An  act  to  provide  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  common 

schools. 
47.     An  act  supplementary  to  several  acts  regulating  the  admission  of 

attorneys,   and    for   regulating  the  practice   of  physicians   and 

surgeons. 
58.     An  act  establishing  an  equitable  mode  of  levying  taxes  in  this  state. 

Local. 
3.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  Elizabethtown  Library  Society,  Hamilton 

County. 
10.     An  act  to  provide  for  the  leasing  of  certain  school  lands  therein 

mentioned. 
12.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Protestant 

Episcopal  Church  in  the  Diocese  of  Ohio. 
18.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Circleville  Academy. 
22.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  College  of  Alma  in  the  town  of  New, 

Athens. 
30.    An  act  authorizing  the  County  Commissioners  of  Athens  in  Cler- 

mont  County  to  perform  certain  acts  therein  named. 
34.     An  act  to  provide  for  a  valuation  of  certain  school  lands. 
40.     An  act  authorizing  a  revaluation  of  certain  School  Sections  16  in 

Gallia  County. 

44.    An  act  to  incorporate  the  Literary  Society  of  St.  Joseph's. 
55.     An  act  to  enable  the  trustees  of  Tp.  3,  R.  8,  Washington  County, 

to  revalue  certain  school  lands. 
76.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Windham  Library  Association,  Portage 

County. 
78.     An  act  to  authorize  the  Auditor  of  State  to  collect  the  amount  due 

from   William   W.   Cotgreve   to  the  Virginia   Military   School 

funds. 
101 .     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Social  Library  of  Kendall,  Stark  County. 


Appendix  B.  223 

PAGE 

106.     Resolution  appointing  a  trustee  of  the  Ohio  University. 

112.     Resolution  appointing  two  trustees  of  the  Ohio  University. 

114.     Resolution    for   the   purpose  of  ascertaining  the   value   of   school 

lands  in  this  state. 
116.     Resolution   appointing  an  agent   for  the  Western  Reserve   school 

lands. 
116.     Resolution  charging  interest  on  the  loan  of  the  Virginia  Military 

School  Fund  to  a  certain  road  fund. 

VOL.  XXIV. 
General. 

4.     An  act  making  special  appropriations. 

4.  An  act  to  incorporate  and  establish  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio. 
17.     An  act  amending  the  act  for  levying  taxes. 

52.  An  act  authorizing  the  trustees  of  the  Ohio  University  to  dispose 
of  certain  lands. 

62.  An  act  levying  a  tax  for  state  purposes. 

63.  An  act  amending  an  act  to  incorporate  the  original  surveyed  town- 

ships. 
78.     An  act  further  to  amend  the  act  incorporating  medical  societies. 

81.  An  act  making  appropriations. 

Local. 

5.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Frederickstown  Library  Society,  Knox 

County. 

24.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Preble  Library  Society. 

33.  An  act  authorizing  the  Commissioners  of  Franklin  County  to  do- 
nate certain  public  buildings  in  Franklinton  to  the  Episcopal 
Seminary. 

35.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Bloomfield  Social  Library  Society,  Trum- 

bull  County. 

36.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Charity  School  of  Kendall,  Stark  County. 
39.     An  act  supplementary  to  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  incorporate 

the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church." 
49.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  to  incorporate  the  College  of  Alma. 
57.    An  act  authorizing  the  County  Commissioners  of  Clermont  County 

to  convey  certain  lands. 

82.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Social  Library  Society,  Fairfield,  Colum- 

biana  County. 

86.  An    act   to    incorporate  the   Aldrich    Library   Association,    Huron 

County. 

87.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  James  Fraisure,  and  others. 

92.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Mesopotamia  Central  School  Society. 

93.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees  of  the  Western  Reserve  College. 
122.     Resolution  appointing  a  register  of  the  Virginia   Military   School 

Lands. 


224  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

PAGE 

122.  Resolution  directing  the  Auditor  to  audit  claims  for  interest  against 

William  W.  Cotgreve  and  others,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Military  Fund  if  found  just. 

123.  Resolution  allowing  the  widow  of  <said  Cotgreve  to  receive  rents 

of  the  house  and  lot  which  she  now  occupies,  notwithstanding 
any  sale  which  may  be  made  by  virtue  of  the  judgment  ob- 
tained by  the  Auditor. 

123.     Resolution  appointing  trustees  of  the  Ohio  University. 

123.  Resolution  directing  the  Auditor  to  transfer  interest  on  loans  made 
for  the  Virginia  Military  School  Fund  to  a  certain  road  fund. 

126.  Resolution  appointing  an  agent  for  certain  school  lands  in  the 
Western  Reserve. 

VOL.  XXV. 
General. 

20.     An  act  supplementary  to  the  act  to  amend  the  act  incorporating 
medical  societies. 

26.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  Section  16,  granted  by  Congress 

for  the  use  of  schools. 
65.     An  act  supplementary  to  the  act  to  provide  for  the  support  and 

better  regulation  of  common  schools. 

78.     An  act  to  establish  a  fund  for  the  support  of  common  schools. 
85.     An  act  to  loan  the  State  of  Ohio  school  money  from  the  Virginia 

Military  and  U.  S.  Military  Districts. 
87.     An  act  to  establish  an  asylum  for  the  education  of  deaf  and  dumb 

persons. 
103.     An  act  to  obtain  the  consent  of   the  inhabitants   for  the  sale  of 

school  lands  in  the  U.  S.  Military  District. 
Local. 

3.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Dayton  Library. 

4.  An  act  appointing  trustees  for  the  Miami  University. 

8.     An   act  to   incorporate   the   Franklin   Library    Company   of    Little 

Sandy. 
18.     An  act  to  change  a  medical  district. 

24.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  Henry  Wagner. 

25.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  revaluation  of  certain  school  lands  in 

the  Ohio  Company's  Purchase. 

27.  An  act  authorizing  the  revaluation  of  certain  school  lands. 

29.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  certain  lessees  of  the  U.  S.  Military  school 

lands  in  Guernsey  County. 
42.    An    act   to    incorporate    the    Brookfield    Library    Society,    Morgan 

County. 
45.     An  act  enabling  the  inhabitants  of  the  Virginia  Military  District  to 

vote  on  the  sale  of  school  lands. 

55.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Harmony  Library  Society,  Fayette  County. 

56.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Columbia  Library  Society,  Lorain  County. 


Appendix  B.  225 

PAGE 

57.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Buffalo  Library  Society  in  the  counties 

of  Guernsey,  Morgan  and  Muskingum. 

62.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Woodward  Free  Grammar  School. 
96.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Middlebury  Academy  of  Perry  County. 
112.     Resolution  appointing  a  trustee  of  Miami  University. 

112.  Memorial  to  Congress  asking  that  a  law  be  passed  authorizing  the 

sale  of  Section  29  in  the   Ohio   Company's   Purchase  and  the 
John  Cleve  Symmes  Purchase. 

113.  Resolution  concerning  a  grant  of  land  to  aid  in  the  education  of 

the  deaf  and  dumb  persons. 

114.  Resolution  directing  the  Auditor  of  State  to  procure  a  list  of  all 

appraisements  of   school   lands  in   the  United   States   Military 
district. 

115.  Petition  asking  for  certain  school  lands  in  the  Western  Reserve. 
118.     Resolution    appointing    agents    for    school    lands    in    the    Western 

Reserve. 

122.      Resolution  requiring  the  President  and  trustees  of  Ohio  University 
to  report  annually  to  the  General  Assembly. 

VOL.  XXVI. 
General. 

4.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  establish  an  asylum 

for  the  education  of  deaf  and  dumb  persons." 
4.     An  act  directing  the  sale  of  sundry  Sections  16. 

7.  An  act  authorizing  the  treasurer  of  Lincoln  County  to  give  bond. 
10.     An  act  amending  the  act  providing  for  obtaining  the  consent  of 

the  inhabitants  of  the  U.  S.  Military  School  District  for  the 
sale  of  lands. 

23.  An  act  providing  for  the  sale  of  school  lands  in  the  Virginia  Mili- 

tary District. 
44.      An   act  authorizing  the   register   of   the   Virginia  Military   school 

lands  to  sell  certain  lots. 
61.     An  act  providing  for  the  sale  of  school  lands  in  the  United  States 

Military  school  district. 

78.     An  act  to  return  to  the  State  of  Ohio  certain  school  money. 
80.     An  act  to  provide  for  granting  temporary  leases  of  certain  school 

lands. 
Local. 
3.     An  act  to   incorporate  the   Newburgh  Library   Society,   Cuyahoga 

County. 
3.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Liberty  Library  Society,  Butler  County. 

8.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  certain  lessees. 

13.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Deacons  of  the  Regular  Baptist  Church 
of  Stillwater. 

24.  An  act  confirming  the  exchange  of  school  lands  in  Bellville. 

Vol.  XXVII  — 15. 


226  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

PAGE 

27.     An   act  to   incorporate  the   Hubbard    Library   Company,    Trumbull 
County. 

27.  An  act  authorizing  the  proprietors  of  the  town  of  Dresden  to  make 

changes  in  school  lots. 

28.  An  act  to  establish  and   incorporate  the  "Western   Eye  and   Ear 

Infirmary". 

30.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati  Academy  of  Fine  Arts. 
41.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Union  Library  Society  of  Lexington. 
47.     An  act  authorizing  the  leasing  of  certain  school  lands. 
54.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati   Medical  Academy. 
67.     An   act   to   incorporate    the    Goshen     School   Association,    Logan 

County. 

78.     An  act  authorizing  a  sale  of  the  property  of  Cadiz  Academy. 
88.     An  act  authorizing  the  revaluation  of  certain  school  lands. 

106.  An    act    to    incorporate    the    Hartford   Library    Society,    Trumbull 

County. 

107.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Lorain   Library   Society. 

119.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Yellow  Spring  Library  Society,  Greene 
County. 

135.  An  act  enabling  the  inhabitants  of  the  Connecticut  Western  Re- 
serve to  give  their  consent  to  the  sale  of  their  school  lands. 

159.  An  act  authorizing  the  trustees  of  Township  10,  Harrison  County, 
to  execute  new  leases  and  revalue  certain  school  lands. 

161.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Monroe  Traveling  and  Circulating  Li- 
brary Society. 

167.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Nelson  Academy. 

169.  An  act  granting  aid  to  the  trustees  of  the  Tallmadge  School  for 
the  education  of  deaf  and  dumb  persons. 

175.  Resolution  concerning  a  grant  of  school  land  in  the   Connecticut 

Western  Reserve. 

176.  Resolution  asking  a  grant  of  land  for  the  Asylum  for  the  Deaf 

and  Dumb. 

179.  Resolution  permitting  taxes  on  lands  belonging  to  Kenyon  College. 

180.  Resolution    appointing   three   appraisers    of   the   Virginia    Military 

school  lands. 

181.  Resolution   directing  the  clerks  of  the  courts  and  the  agents  ap- 

pointed  to   make   out   abstracts,    etc.,    for   the   U.    S.    Military 
school  lands. 

VOL  XXVII. 
General. 

8.     An    act   amending  the   act   authorizing   the   trustees   of   the   Ohio 

University  to  dispose  of  certain  lands. 

11.     An  act  to  regulate   grocers    and    retailers    of    spirituous    liquors. 
32.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  sale 

of   Section  16." 


Appendix  B.  227 

PAGE 

33.  An  act  in  addition  to  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  incorporate  and 
establish  the  City  of  Cincinnati,  etc." 

40.  An  act  supplementary  to  the  several  acts  authorizing  the  surrender 
of  leases  of  U.  S.  Military  school  lands,  and '  amending  the 
act  providing  for  the  sale  of  said  lands. 

51.  An  act  providing  for  the  distribution  of  the  proceeds  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Military  school  fund. 

63.  An  act  to  provide   further   for  the  Asylum   for  the  Education  of 

the   Deaf   and   Dumb. 

64.  An  act  amending  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  for  the  sale  of  escheated 

lands  in  the  Township  of  Gallipolis." 

73.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  com- 
mon schools. 

Local. 
5.     An   act   to   incorporate   the   Social   Library   Company   of   Madison, 

Geauga  County. 

7.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Zanesville  Athenaeum. 
9.     An  act  authorizing  the  register  of  the  U.  S.  Military  school  lands 

to   grant   certificates'  of   purchase    to    certain   individuals. 
10.     An  act  to  amend  an  act  incorporating  the  Frederickstown  Library 

Society. 
10.     An    act   to    incorporate   the    Social    Library   of    Greene,    Trumbull 

County. 
.14.     An    act    to    incorporate    the    Chester    Library    Company,    Geauga 

County. 
15.     An  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  incorporate  the  Gallia 

Academy." 

17.     An  act  for  leasing  certain  school  lands  in  Belmont  County. 
21.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Sunbury  Library  Association,  Delaware 

County. 
23.     An  act  to  create  and  establish  a  fund  for  the  support  of  common 

schools  in  the   County  of   Clermont. 

26.     An  act   for  the  sale  of  certain  school  lands  in  Wayn-e  County. 
32.     An  act  for  the   relief  of  the  purchasers  of   certain   school  lands 

in  Lawrence  County. 
36.     An   act    to    provide    for    the    revaluation    of    certain    school    lands, 

Perry  County. 

36.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  William   Potter. 
40.     An  act  authorizing  the  revaluation  of  certain  school  lands  therein 

described 

62.  An    act    authorizing    the    conveyance    of    a    certain    tract    of    land 

therein  described. 

63.  An   act   to   incorporate   the   Ohio    Social  Library   Society,    Morgan 

County. 


228  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

PAGE 

64.     An  act  authorizing  the  leasing  of  certain  school  lands  in  the  Ohio 

Company's   Purchase. 

68.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  Henry  Magner. 
72.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Methodist  Church  of  Zanesville. 
76.     An    act   to    amend    the    act    incorporating    the    Charity    School    of 

Kendall. 
88.     An  act  authorizing  the  revaluation  of  certain  school  lands  therein 

described. 
.90.     An   act  authorizing  the  Auditor  of   Shelby  County  to   sell   certain 

Sections  16  in  said  county. 
92.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Ohio  Mechanics'  Institute. 

95.  An  act  to  incorporate  Nelson  Library   Society. 

96.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Barlow  Library  Society  in  Washington 

County. 

99.  An  act  to  create  and  establish  a  common  school  fund  in  that  part 
of  the  County  of  Warren  composed  of  the  Virginia  Military 
District. 

10-").  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Lyme  and  Ridgefield  Circulating  Li- 
brary Society,  Huron  County. 

103.     An   act   to   incorporate   the   Granville  Library,   Licking   County. 

106.  An  act  directing  the  sale  of  certain  school  Sections  16,  Preble 
County. 

112.  An  act  authorizing  the  leasing  of  Sections  16  and  29  of  the 
llth  Tp.,  R.  14. 

118.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Lane  Seminary,  Hamilton   County. 

127.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Madison  Library  Association,  Hamilton 

County. 

128.  An  act  authorizing  the  revaluation  of  certain  school  lands  in  Mus- 

kingum  County. 

131.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees  of  the  Columbus   Presbytery. 

139.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Vernon  Library  Society,  Scioto  County. 

147.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Education  Society  of  Painesville,  Cuya- 
hoga  County. 

152.     An  act  to  inporporate  the  Hillsborough  Academy,  Highland  County. 

165.  An  act  authorizing  the  school  directors  in  the  Township  of  Fair- 
field,  Butler  County,  to  make  a  certain  appropriation  of  money. 

170.  Memorial    to    Congress   concerning    school    lands    in    the   Western 

Reserve. 

171.  Resolution  for  the  location  of  the  deaf  and  dumb  asylum  at  Co- 

lumbus. 

173.  Resolution  appointing  a  register  of  the  Virginia   Military   school 

lands. 

174.  Resolution  appointing  two  trustees  of  the  Ohio  University. 

174.  Memorial  to  Congress  concerning  a  donation  for  the  benefit  of 
colleges  and  universities. 


Appendix  B.  229 

PAGE 

177.  Resolution  appointing  two  trustees  of  the  Charity  school  of  Ken- 
dall. 

177.  Resolution  instructing  the  Secretary  of  State  to  have  two  thou- 
sand copies  of  the  school  law  printed  in  German. 

177.  Resolution  appointing  trustees  for  the  Medical  College  of  Ohio. 

178.  Resolution   for  printing  the  school  laws. 

179.  Resolution   making  certain  appropriations   to  the   Register   of  the 

Virginia  Military  School  Lands. 

180.  Resolution  directing  the  Auditor  of  State  to  transmit  certain  school 

moneys  to  Clermont  County. 


VOL.  XXVIII. 
General. 

11.     An    act   amending   the    act    providing    for    the    distribution    of    the 

Virginia    Military   school    fund. 
13.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Township  of  Black  River,  Lorain  County. 

16.  An  act  in  addition  to  and  further  to  amend  the  act  providing  for 

the  sale  of  Section  16. 

17.  An  act  in  addition  to  the  act  providing  for  the  sale  of  school  lands 

in   the   Virginia   Military   District. 
30.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  establishing  an  asylum  for  the  education 

of  the  deaf  and  dumb. 
3-">.     An  act  further  to  amend  the  act  providing  for  the  sale  of   Sec 

tion  16. 
<rK>.     An   act  in  addition  to  an  act  to  establish  a  fund  for  the   support 

of  common  schools. 
59.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  certain  lands 

granted  by  Congress  to  the  State  of  Ohio. 

Local. 
3.     An  act  providing  for  the  appointment  of  appraisers  for  the  U.  S 

Military  school  lands,  Guernsey  County. 

8.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Venice  Library  Society,  in  Butler  County. 
10.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  James  Elder. 

15.     An  act  to  enable  the  inhabitants  of  the  Western  Reserve  to  give 
their  consent  to  the  sale  of  their  school  lands. 

20.  An  act  authorizing  the  sale  of  certain  school  lands. 

21.  An  act  authorizing  the  leasing  of  a  certain  school  section  therein 

named. 

22.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Brecksville  Columbiana  Literary  Society, 

Cuyahoga  County. 

23.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Dresden  Literary   Society,  Muskingum 

County. 

27.     An   act  allowing  the   citizens   of   Rossvill^   to   appropriate   certain 
lots  for  public  uses. 


230  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

PAGE 

28.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Congregational  Church  of  Cin- 
cinnati. 

46.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Windsor  Library  Society,  Ashtabula 
County. 

52.  An  act  authorizing  the  revaluation  of  certain  school  land  in  Gallia 

County. 

53.  An   act  appointing  trustees   for   the   Miami   University. 

55.  An   act  authorizing  the   reappraisement   of   certain   school   land   in 

Perry   County. 

56.  An  act  supplementary  to  the  act  providing  for  distributing  certain 

school  funds  in  Clermont  County. 

57.  An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  sup- 

port and  better  regulation   of  Common   Schools." 

57.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  distribution  of  the  proceeds  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Military  School  Funds  heretofore  appropriated  to  the 
County  of  Clermont. 

60.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  James  McMullen. 

62.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Mesopotamia  Library  Company,  Trum- 
bull  County. 

70.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Marietta  Library  Society. 

82.  An  act  providing  for  the  payment  of  certain  claims  out  of  the 
United  States  School  Fund. 

88.     An  act  to  authorize  the  leasing  of  school  lands  therein  named. 

88.     An  act  to  incorprate  the  College  of  Ripley,  Brown  County. 

92.  An  act  to  enable  the  Knoxville  School  Company,  Jefferson  County, 

to  close  the  concerns  of  said  company. 

93.  An  act  to  .incorporate  the  trustees  of  the  Windham  School  Com- 

pany. 

94.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Free  Church  in  Warren  Township, 

Jefferson  County. 

102.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Lutheran  Church  in  Ross  Town- 
ship, Jefferson  County. 

112.  An  act  amending  the  act  to  provide  for  obtaining  the  consent  of 

the  United   States  Military  District  to   sell  their   school  lands. 

113.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  certain  school  land  in  Belmont 

County. 

116.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  High  School  of  Elyria,  Lorain  County. 

140.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Associated  Methodist  Church  of  Spring- 
field. 

153.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  revaluation  and  sale  of  a  certain  school 
section  therein  named. 

153.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  revaluation  and  sale  of  a  certain  tract 
of  school  land  in  Stark  County. 

157.  An  act  to  authorize  the  survey  of  certain  school  lands  in  Fairfield 
County. 


Appendix  B.  231 

PAGE 

164.  An    act    to    incorporate    the    Newbury    Social    Library    Society, 

Geauga  County. 

165.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  town  of  Steubenville. 

179.  An  act  to  incorporate   the    Lancaster    Harmonic    Society. 

198.  Resolution  appointing  trustees  of  the  Charity  School  of  Kendall. 

202.  Resolution  appointing  trustees  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum. 

203.  Resolution  authorizing  the  sale  of  a  certain  Section  16  in  Monroe 

County. 

205.  Resolution  providing  for  distributing  two  thousand  copies  of  the 

act    providing    for    the    distribution    of    the    Virginia    Military 
School   fund. 

206.  Resolution  appointing  a  trustee  of  the  Ohio  University. 


VOL.  XXIX. 
General. 

89.  An   act  to  incorporate   the   First   Congregational   Church   in   Bur- 

lington. 

90.  An  act  authorizing  the  appraisement  and  sale  of  school  lands   in 

the  Connecticut  Western  Reserve. 

161.     An  act  for  the  prevention  of  certain   immoral  practices. 
272.     An  act  pointing  out  the  mode  of  levying  taxes. 
304.     An  act  regulating  sales  at  auction. 
313.     An  act  for  granting  licenses. 
427.     An  act  establishing  an  asylum  for  the  education  of  deaf  and  dumb 

persons,  and   repealing  previous   laws. 
446.     An  act  to  regulate  public  shows. 
469.     An  act  to  protect  the  fur  trade. 

423.     An  act  to  establish  a  fund   for  the  support  of   Common   Schools. 
477.     An  act  for  the  inspection  of  certain  articles  therein  named. 
490.     An  act  to   incorporate  the   original   surveyed  townships. 

Local. 

11.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Dover  Library  Society,  Athens  County. 

13.     An  act  to  incorporate    the    Ashtabula    Library    Association. 

21.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Congregational  Society  of  Twins- 
burgh. 

25.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Williamsburgh  Library  Society,  Cler- 
mont  County. 

25.  An  act  to  further  amend  the  act  providing  for  the  distribution 
of  the  Virginia  Military  School  Fund. 

26.  An  act  authorizing  the  treasurer  of  Muskingum  County  to  issue 
certificates  of  purchase  for  certain  school  lands. 

31.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Presbyterian  Society  of  Atwater. 

41.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Social  Circulating  Library  Association 
of  Waverly,  Pike  County. 


232  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

PAGE 

42.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Brecksville  Academical  Association,  Cuy- 

ahoga  County. 

43.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Woodward  High   School  of   Cincinnati. 
47.     An  act  postponing  the  sale  of  certain  school  lands  in  Columbiana 

County. 

49.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Hamilton  and  Rossville  Library  Society, 

Hamilton  County. 

50.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Middleberry  Library  Company. 

51.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  John  M.  Holly  and  John  C.  Coffing,  Hu- 

ron County. 

57.'  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Olmstead  Library  Company,  Cuyahoga 
County. 

66.  An  act  to   amend  the   act  incorporating  the  Madison   C©llege  of 

Ohio. 

67.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Athens  Library  Society,  Athens  County. 
74.     An  act  to  incorporate   the    Erodelphian    Society   of    Cincinnati. 

81.  An  act  further  supplementary  to  the  several  acts  authorizing  the 
surrender  of  leases  of  United  States  Military  school  lands,  etc. 

83.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Ashtabula  Social  Library  Association, 
Ashtabula  County. 

89.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Congregational  Church  in  Burling- 

ton, Licking  County. 

90.  An  act  authorizing  the   survey,   appraisement  and  sale  of  all  the 

school  lands  in  the  Connecticut  Western  Reserve. 

100.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Wayne  and  Cherry  Valley  Union  Li- 
brary Association  in  Ashtabula  County. 

121.  An  act  directing  the  sale  of  certain  school  Sections  16  in  Butler 

County. 

122.  An  act  amending  the  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati  Academy 

of  Fine  Arts. 

122.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Historical  and  Philosophical  Society  of 
Ohio. 

126.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati'  Lyceum. 

130.  An  act  authorizing  the  Auditor  of  Piqua  County  to  grant  certifi- 
cates of  purchase  for  certain  school  lands. 

135.  An  act  authorizing  the  Auditor  of  Seneca  County  to  grant  certifi- 
cates of  purchase  for  certain  school  lands. 

137.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees  of  the  Ashtabula  Institution 
of  Science  and  Industry. 

139.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Delaware  Academy. 

142.  An  act  repealing  the  final  part  of  the  llth  Section  of  the  act  to 
incorporate  medical  societies. 

142.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Utica  Library  Society,   Licking  County. 

179.     An  act  to  incorporate    the   Capitol   Library    Society   of    Columbus. 


Appendix  B.  233 

PAGE 

184.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  purchasers  of  certain  school  lands,  Ross 

County. 

185.  An  act  supplementary  to  the  act  providing  for  the  sale  of  school 

lands   in   the   Virginia   Military   District. 

186.  An  act  authorizing  the  revaluation  of  a  certain  Section   16  Gallia 

County. 

187.  An  act  making  further  provision  for  the  sale  of  Section  16  granted 

by  Congress  for  the  use  of  schools. 

188.  An  act  appointing  one   trustee   for  the  Miami  University. 

196.  An  act  incorporating  the  Philomathesian  Society,  of  Kenyon  Col- 
lege. 

203.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Congregational  Church  of  Yellow 

Creek,  Jefferson   County. 

204.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  Hugh   Porter. 

207.     An  act  for  the  sale   of   certain    school  lands   therein   named. 

210.  An  act  to  amend  the  act  providing  for  the  distribution  of  the  pro- 
ceeds of  the  Virginia  Military  School  Fund  for  Clermont 
County. 

215.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  certain  purchasers  of  school  lands  in  Stark 
County. 

229.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  distribution  of  the  proceeds  of  the  Vir- 
ginia Military  School  Fund. 

235.     Resolution  appointing  trustees  for  the  College  of  Ripley. 

235.  Resolution  granting  certain  historical  documents  to  the  Zanesville 
Athenaeum. 

239.  Resolution  appointing  trustees  for  the  Ohio  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asy- 

lum. 

240.  Resolution  authorizing  the  Auditor  of  Muskingum   County  to  re- 

ceive leases  of  school  lands  and  grant  certificates  of  purchase. 
242.     Resolution  appointing  an  agent  for  school  lands   in  the  Western 

Reserve. 
244.     Resolution  directing  that  all  school  lands  sold  shall  be  placed  on 

the  tax  duplicate. 

246.  Resolution  appropriating  money  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum. 

247.  Resolution  concerning  the  printing  of  the  school  laws. 

249.  Resolution  directing  several  boxes  of  government  documents  to 
be  sent  to  certain  institutions. 


VOL.  XXX. 
General. 

4.     An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  sup- 
port and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools." 
13.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  certain  lessees  of  school  lands,  etc. 
20.     An  act  amending  the  act  to  establish  an  asylum  for  the  deaf  and 
dumb. 


234  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

Local. 

3.  An   act  postponing  the   sale  of  a   certain   Section   16   in   Clermont 

County. 

4.  An  act  authorizing  the  trustees  of  a  certain  Section  16,  Hamilton 

County,  to  divide  said  section. 
4.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Hayesville  Library  Association,  Medina 

County. 

30.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Kinsman  Academy,  Trumbull  County. 
38.     An  act  authorizing  the  Auditor  of  Shelby  County  to  receive  a  lease 

and  grant  certificates  of  purchase  for  certain  school  lands. 
47.     An  act  to'  incorporate  the  president  and  trustees   of   the   Canton 

Academy. 
60.     An    act    to    incorporate    the    New    Paris    Library    Society,    Preble 

County. 

62.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Farmington  Academy. 
64.     An  act  to   enable  the  lessees  of   certain  school  land  in   Richland 

County  to  surrender  their  leases,  etc. 
64.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Calvinistic  Congregational  Society 

of  Hudson. 
84.     An  act  appointing  one  trustee  for  the  Miami  University. 

87.  An   act  to   incorporate   the   First   Universalian   Religious    Library 

Society,  of  Marietta. 

88.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  "Granville  Literary  and  Theological  In- 

stitution." 
111.      An  act  to  incorporate  the  Ashtabula  Academy,  Ashtabula  County. 

132.  An   act   to    amend    the   act  authorizing   the   survey,    sale,   etc.,   of 

school  lands  in  the  Western  Reserve. 

133.  An    act    to    incorporate    the    Clarksfield    Library    Society,    Huron 

County. 

134.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Darke   County  Library   Society. 
141 .     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Huron  Institute. 

157.     An  act  to  incorporate  the   First  Presbyterian    Society  of   Middle- 
bury. 
178.     An  act  to  postpone  the  sale  of  a  certain  Section  16,  Seneca  County. 

229.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Steubenville  Athenaeum. 

230.  An   act   to  provide   for   the   distribution   of   the  Virginia   Military 

School  Fund. 
232.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Western  Academic  Institute  and  Board 

of  Education. 
234.     An  act  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  certain  Sections  16  in  Hamilton 

County. 
238.     An   act  to   authorize   the   Auditor   of   Guernsey   County  to   grant 

certificates  of  purchase  for  certain  school  lands: 

244.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Guernsey  Library  and  Reading  Room. 
247.     An  act  amending  the  act  authorizing  the  Auditor  of  Seneca  County 

to  grant  certificates  of  purchase,   etc. 


Appendix  B.  235 

PAGE 

265.     An   act   for  the   relief   of   the   lessees   of   a   certain    Section    16   in 
Morgan    County. 

267.  An    act    to    incorporate    the    Farmers'    Library    Company,    Seneca 

County. 

268.  An  act  to  authorize  the  Governor  to  make  deeds  in  certain  cases. 

275.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Library  Society  of  London,  in  Madison 

County. 

276.  An   act   to    incorporate   the   West   Branch  Library   Association,    in 

Miami   County. 

277.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Library  Society 

of  Berkshire,  Delaware  County. 
319.     An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum. 

324.  Resolution  appointing  trustees  for  the  Deaf  and   Dumb  Asylum. 

325.  Resolution  appointing  trustees,  College   of    Ripley. 

325.  Resolution  appointing  trustees  of  the   Ohio   University. 

326.  Resolution  appointing  a  trustee    for   the    Ohio   University. 

326.  Resolution   granting  the    Superintendent   of   the   Deaf    and   Dumb 

Asylum  use  of  the  State  Library. 

327.  Resolution  appointing  a  Register    of   the    Virginia    school   lands. 
331.     Resolution  appointing  trustees   of   the   Medical   College   of   Ohio. 
336.     Memorial  to   Congress   concerning  a  grant  for  the  use  of  a  Deal 

and  Dumb  Asylum. 

338.     Resolution  granting  Caleb  Atwater  authority  to  make  abstracts  of 
certain   documents. 


SECOND  SESSION. 

VOL.  XXX. 
Local. 

8.     An  act  making  an   approprition  to   aid   in  the  establishment  of  a 

Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum. 
8.     An   act   amending   an   act   authorizing  the    survey,    etc.,    of   school 

lands  in  the  Western  Reserve. 

VOL.  XXXI. 
General. 

18.  An  act  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "An  act  to  prescribe  the  duties 
of  the  County  Treasurer." 

24.  An  act  to  amend  the  act  establishing  an  Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb. 

24.  An  act  supplementary  to  the  act  establishing  a  fund  for  the  sup- 
port of  common  schools. 

24.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  to  provide  for  the  support  and  better 
regulation  of  common  schools. 


236  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

PAGE 

26.  An  act  to  authorize  the  surrender  of  leases  of  School  Section  16 

in  certain  cases. 

27.  An  act  to  repeal  the  act  to  incorporate  medical  societies,  etc. 

Local. 

3.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Congregational  Society  of  Franklin, 

Portage   County. 

4.  An   act  to  incorporate  the   St.   Mary's   Female   Literary   Society. 

5.  An  act  making  special  provisions  for  the  sale  of  a  certain  Section 

16,  Jefferson  County. 
10.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Dane  Law  Library. 

18.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  "Marietta  College  Institute  and  Western 

Teachers'   Seminary." 

19.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Methodist  Protestant   Church  of 

Xenia,  Greene  County. 

19.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Presbyterian  Congregation  in 
Wellsville,  Columbiana  County. 

31.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Milford  Library  Association,  Union 
County. 

33.  An  act  to  amend  an  act  to  incorporate  the  Academy  of  Perry 
County. 

52.     An  act  to  incorporate  and  establish  the  Cincinnati  Orphan  Asylum. 

58.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Mt.  Vernon  Lyceum. 

58.  An  act  making  special  provision  for  leasing  a  certain  School  Sec- 
tion 16  in  Jefferson  County. 

62.  An    act   authorizing   the    Auditor   of   Washington    County   to    sell 

certain  school  lands. 

63.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cleveland  Library   Company. 
65.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Nu  Pi  Kappa  Society. 

67.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Miamisburg  Union  Meeting  and  School- 
House  Company. 

72.  An  act  authorizing  the  lessees  of  certain  school  lands  in  Carroll 
County  to  surrender  their  leases,  etc. 

81.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati  Literary  Society. 

81.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Congregational  Society  in  Free- 
dom, Portage  County. 

83.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Library  Asso- 

ciation  in   Aurora,   Portage   County. 

84.  An  act  to  authorize  the  Auditor  of  Sandusky  County  to  sell  cer- 

tain land. 

8y.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Massillon  Library  Society. 
92.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  McConnelsville  Athenaeum. 
9d      An  act  to   authorize  the  Auditor  of   Seneca   County  to  complete 

certain  contracts. 
94.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Eden  Library  Association,  Seneca  County. 


Appendix  B.  237 

PAGE 

105.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Franklin  Library  Association  of  Guil- 

ford,  Medina  County. 

117.     An  act  for  the  relief  of  Jacob  Hammer. 
117.     An  act  to  incorporate    the    Cleveland    Lyceum,    Cuyahoga    County. 

131.  An   act   to   incorporate   the   First    Congregational   or   Presbyterian 

Church   and   Society  of   Granville,  Licking  County. 

132.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Fitchville  Library  Society,  Huron  County. 

133.  An  act  repealing  the  act  to  incorporate  the  president  and  trustees 

of  the  Canton  Academy. 

134.  An  act  extending  the  time  for  making  payment  by  the  purchasers 

of  certain   Virginia  Military  School  Lands. 

159.  An    act    to    incorporate   the   Wadsworth    Library    Society,    Medina 

County. 

160.  An  act   authorizing  the   Auditor   of   Wayne    County   to   apportion 

school  moneys. 
160.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Mt.  Leigh, 

Adams  County. 
174.     An  act  amending  the  act  to  incorporate  the  trustees  of  Chillicoth.e 

Academy. 
178.     An    act    prohibiting  the   sale    of    a    certain    Section    16    in    Preble 

County. 

186.  An  act  appointing  trustees   for  the  Miami  University. 

187.  An   act  providing   for   the   sale  of   a   certain   Section   16  in   Darke 

County. 

188.  An  act  to  incorporate  the   Chillicothe  Female   Seminary. 

193.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Wayne  County  Ohio  Teachers'  Asso- 
ciation. 

105.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Lancaster  Library  Association,  Fairfield 
County. 

197.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Cincinnati  Medical  Society. 

198.  An    act    to    provide    for   the    distribution    of   the   proceeds    of    the 

United  States  Military  School  Funds. 

204.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  a  certain  Section  16  in  Wayne 

County. 

205.  An    act    concerning    the    sale    of    certain    school    lands    in    Preble 

County. 

207.     An  act  to  incorporate  the   Ohio   Medical   Lyceum  in   Cincinnati. 
227.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Urbana  Athenaeum. 
234.     An  act  to  incorporate  the  Xenia  Lyceum. 
238.     An   act   appropriating   fifteen   hundred    dollars    for   the    Deaf    and 

Dumb  Asylum. 

238.     An  act  relating  to  the  Miami  University  lands. 
248.     An  act  concerning  the  sale  of  certain  school  lands  in  the  Counties 

of  Guernsey,  Hancock  and  Champaign. 


238  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist,  Society  Publications. 

PAGE 

259.     Memorial  to  Congress  concerning  a  school  grant  in  the  Western 
Reserve. 

265.  Resolution  appointing  trustees  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum. 

266.  Resolution  concerning    statutes    against    certain    delinquent    lessees. 
2C7.     Resolution  appointing  trustees  of   Ripley   College. 

268.  Resolution  appointing  a   register    of    the    Virginia    Military    School 

Lands. 

269.  Resolution    granting    free    tuition   to    an    indigent    student    in    each 

district   in   the    Medical   College. 

272.     Resolution  directing  the  Governor  to  provide  for  an  inspection  of 
the  Medical  College. 

VOL.  XXXII. 
General. 

12.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  revaluation  of  real  property  in  this 
state. 

20.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  punishment  of  certain  crimes  therein 
named. 

25.  An  act  to  provide  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  Com- 
mon Schools. 

36.  An  act  further  to  amend  the  act  establishing  a  deaf  and  dumb 
asylum. 

47.     An  act  to  provide  for  the  inspection  of  salt. 

Local. 

33.     An  act  appointing  trustees   of   Miami   University. 
76.     An  act  authorizing  applying  school   funds   on  building. 
84.     An  act  appointing  a  trustee  of  Miami  University. 

100.     An   act   amending  an   act   establishing  the    School   Fund,   Warren 
County. 

143.     An  act  providing  for  the  distribution  of  the  School  Fund  of  Car- 
roll County. 

168.  An  act  authorizing  the  auditor  to  settle  accounts,  Section  1C, 
Wayne  County. 

187.  An  act  providing  for  the  distribution  of  United  States  Military 
School  Funds. 

216.  An  act  authorizing  the  sale  of  Section  16,  Ohio  Company's  Pur- 
chase. 

428.     Making  appropriations,    Deaf   and   Dumb    Asylum. 

ACTS   INCORPORATING  EDUCATIONAL  AND   LITERARY  INSTITUTIONS. 

Medina  County  Athenaeum,  8;  Medina  County  Medical  Lyceum,  9; 
Rome  Library  Company,  16;  Young  Men's  Reading  and  Literary  So- 
ciety in  Morgan,  Ashtabula  County,  31;  German  Lutheran  Seminary,  46; 
Richfield  Social  Library,  31 ;  Baptist  Convention  of  Ohio,  63 ;  (amend- 


Appendix  B.  239 

atory)  Norwalk  Academy, '85;  Springfield  Lyceum,  105;  Phylozetian  So- 
ciety, Western  Reserve  College,  105;  Akron  Lyceum  and  Library  Asso- 
ciation, Portage  County,  142 ;  Elyria  Lyceum,  140 ;  Harmony  Library 
Company,  Muskingum  County,  150;  Guilford  Lyceum,  Medina  County, 
150 ;  Chillicothe  Lyceum  and  Mechanics'  Institute,  165 ;  Ravenna  Acad- 
emy, 177;  Gustavus  Center  Library  Company,  Trumbull  County,  177; 
Lagrange  Library  Association,  Lorain  County,  191 ;  Philosophic  Literary 
Society,  Franklin  College,  193;  Cincinnati  Law  Library,  195;  (amend- 
atory) Granville  Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  215;  Zanesville 
Juvenile  Lyceum,  217 ;  The  Teachers'  Institute,  217 ;  Union  Academy, 
Wayne  County,  223 ;  'Springborough  Library  Company,  Warren  County, 
225;  Oberlin  Collegiate  Institute,  226;  Circleville  Athenaeum,  234;  Vinton 
Academy,  Gallia  County,  234 ;  Free  Discussion  Library,  Andover,  Ashta- 
bula  County,  238 ;  Social  Library  Company,  Geauga  County,  265 ;  Spring- 
field High  School,  270;  Female  Academy,  Mt.  Vernon,  333;  Willoughby 
University  of  Lake  Erie,  376;  (amendatory)  The  Theological  Seminary 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  380. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    CHURCH    AND    RELIGIOUS    INCORPORATIONS    MENTIONING 
EDUCATIONAL   FUNCTIONS. 

Presbyterian  Church,  Long  Run,  Columbiana  County,  31 ;  Free  Will 
Baptist  Church,  Conneaut,  Ashtabula  County,  64 ;  First  Regular  Baptist 
Church  Society,  Ashtabula,  Ashtabula  County,  161 ;  Mt.  Zion  M.  E. 
Church,  Clark  County,  167;  Presbyterian  Church,  Steubenville,  194; 
Baptist  Church  and  Society,  Conneaut,  Ashtabula  County,  329. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    THE    SELLING    OR   LEASING    OF    SCHOOL    LANDS. 

Guernsey  County,  30 ;  Virginia  Military  School  Lands,  42 ;  Huron 
County,  43;  Muskingum  County,  47;  Jefferson  County,  53;  Hamilton 
County,  88 ;  Columbiana  County,  95 ;  Butler  County,  162 ;  Athens  County, 
184  and  189;  Tuscarawas  County,  193;  Washington  County,  214;  Stark 
County,  233 ;  Sandusky  County,  325. 

CITY   AND   TOWN    ACTS    CONCERNING    SCHOOLS. 

(Amendatory).  Town  of  Fulton,  116;  City  of  Cincinnati  (Sections 
29  to  36),  244. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Trustees,  Charity  School  of  Kendall,  435;  trustees,  Ohio  University, 
436 ;  Public  lands  for  education,  451 ;  trustees,  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum, 
453 ;  West  Point  Military  Academy,  456. 


240  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

VOL.  XXXIII. 
General  Acts. 

(Amendatory).  The  method  of  levying  taxes,  48;  incorporation  of 
townships,  49. 

Local  Acts. 

(Amendatory).  Distribution  of  United  States  Military  School 
Funds,  15;  appointing  trustee  of  the  Miami  University,  33;  distribution  of 
interest  of  Western  Reserve  School  Fund,  394;  appropriation  for  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb  Asylum,  435. 

ACTS  CONCERNING  INCORPORATION  OF  EDUCATIONAL  AND  LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS. 

Stephen  Strong's  Manual  Labor  Seminary,  75;  Richland  Classical 
Institute,  Jefferson  County,  21;  (amendatory),  Woodward  High  School. 
Cincinnati,  23;  Penfield  Library  Society,  Lorain  County,  38;  New  Lyme 
Young  Men's  Society,  38;  Mansfield  High  School,  Ashtabula  County,  48; 
Conneaut  Academy,  51 ;  Marietta  College,  53 ;  renaming  the  Ashtabula  In- 
stitute of  Science  and  Industry,  Grand  River  Institute,  79;  Windham 
Academy,  87;  Granville  Female  Seminary,  87;  Fellenburgh  Institute,  Me- 
dina County,  112;  Milford  Library  Association,  177;  (amendatory)  Edu- 
cation Society,  Painesville,  118;  Delaware  Library  Association,  119;  Gal- 
lipolis  Lyceum,  148 ;  Roscoe  Social  Library,  Coshocton  County,  149 ;  Social 
Library  Company,  Medina  County,  149 ;  Wesleyan  Female  Seminary, 
Mansfield,  153;  Darrtown  Library  Company,  Butler  County,  160;  Eclectic 
Academy  of  Medicine,  Cincinnati,  161 ;  Wadsworth  Academy,  19® ;  Paines- 
ville Lyceum  and  Library  Society,  197 ;  Academic  Institution  of  Litchfield, 
Medina  County,  199;  (amendatory)  Miami  University,  298;  Hamilton  and 
Rossville  Female  Academy,  305 ;  Western  Baptist  Education  Society,  317 ; 
Vermilion  Library  Company,  Huron  County,  320;  Circleville  Female 
Seminary,  321 ;  Bishop's  Fraternal  Calvinistic  Baptist  Seminary,  328 ; 
Urbana  Juvenile  Library,  330;  (amendatory)  Springfield  High  School, 
341;  Cuyahoga  Lyceum,  396;  Berea  Lyceum,  441. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    CHURCH    AND   RELIGIOUS    INCORPORATIONS    MENTIONING 
EDUCATIONAL   FUNCTIONS. 

Associated  Congregation  of  West  Union,  Columbiana  County,  3; 
First  Presbyterian  Society,  Ashtabula,  7 ;  Wardens  and  Vestrymen  of 
the  Parish  of  St.  Peter's  Church,  Rome,  Ashtabula  County,  80;  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  Brooklyn,  Cuyahoga  County,  114;  First  Regular 
Baptist  Church  of  Christ,  Berkshire,  Ross  County,  127;  First  Congrega- 
tional Society,  Litchfield,  Medina  County,  181 ;  M.  E.  Church  and  Society, 
Ashtabula  County,  184;  First  Presbyterian  Society,  Wadsworth,  Medina 
County,  198;  Union  Presbyterian  Church,  Bloom  Township,  Seneca 
County,  212;  First  Congregational  Society,  Harrisville,  Medina  County, 


.Appendix  B.  241 

218;  First  Presbyterian  Congregation  of  Olivesville,  Richland  County, 
251 ;  First  Baptist  Church,  Norwalk,  Huron  County,  253 ;  First  Congre- 
gational Society,  Solon,  Cuyahoga  County,  256;  First  Congregational  So- 
ciety, Strongville,  Cuyahoga  County,  301 ;  Immanuel  Church,  New  Phil- 
adelphia, 322;  Regular  Baptist  Church,  Wooster,  Wayne  County,  339; 
First  Congregational  Society,  Munson,  Geauga  County,  342;  First  Pres- 
byterian Church,  Jefferson,  Franklin  County,  346;  First  Baptist  Church, 
Cherry  Valley,  Ashtabula  County,  348 ;  First  Congregational  Church,  Ver- 
milion, Huron  County,  365 ;  First  Congrgeational  Society,  Kirtland, 
Geauga  County,  374;  First  Universalist  Society,  Scipio,  Seneca  County, 
401. 

ACTS    CONCERNING   THE    SELLING    OR    LEASING    OF    SCHOOL    LANDS. 

Relief  of  Sylvester  Pearson,  Athens  County,  13;  (extending  time 
of  payment)  Richland  and  Logan  Counties,  34;  (extending  time  of  pay- 
ment) Western  Reserve,  35;  Allen  County,  57;  Butler  County,  78;  relief 
of  purchasers  in  certain  cases,  91;  (extending  time  of  payment)  Butler 
County,  115;  Western  Reserve  (to  vote  on  sale)  128;  Wayne  County, 
150;  Seneca  County,  178;  Wood  County,  206;  Columbiana  County,  214; 
Wood  County,  302;  Crawford  County,  344;  Harrison  County,  370;  Allen 
County,  382;  (extending  time  of  payment)  Richland  County,  387. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Trustees,  Charity  School  of  Kendall  43£ ;  Trustees,  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Asylum,  448 ;  to  ascertain  the  number  of  blind,  453 ;  Trustees,  Ohio  Med- 
ical College,  458 ;  Trustees,  Ohio  Medical  College,  469. 

VOL.  XXXIV. 
General. 

Law  to  incorporate  religious  societies,   17 ;  providing  for  the  sup- 
port of   Common  Schools,   19;   making  appropriations    (Deaf  and  Dumb 
Asylum),  39. 
Local. 

Authorizing  the  use  of  township  money  for  Common  Schools  (Darke 
County)  446;  (amendatory)  distribution  of  Virginia  Military  School 
Fund,  469 ;  appointing  trustees,  Miami  University,  528 ;  making  an  appro- 
priation to  Franklin  College,  610. 

ACTS     CONCERNING     INCORPORATION     OF    EDUCATIONAL     AND     LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS. 

Universal  School  of  Massillon,  6;  Young  Men's  Mercantile  Library 
Association,  Cincinnati,  27;  (amendatory)  Woodward  High  School,  Cin- 
cinnati, 27;  Belleville  Library  Company,  Richland  County,  83;  Western 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  110;  Highland  Library  Association,  133; 
Wellsville  Literary  Institute,  190;  Putnam  Classical  Institute,  190i;  Bedford 

Vol.  XXVII  - 16. 


242  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

Lyceum,  191 ;  Bedford  Library  Company,  Cuyahoga  County,  197 ;  (amend- 
atory) Nelson  Academy,  222;  Seneca  County  Academy,  242;  Madison 
Liberal  Institute,  242;  Jefferson  Literary  Society,  Franklin  College,  289; 
Calliopean  Society,  Granville  Literary  Institution,  381 ;  Hopewell  Library 
Company,  383;  Wooster  Academy,  386;  North  Union  School  Association, 
Carroll  County,  402 ;  Shaw  Academy,  Cuyahoga  County,  408 ;  Rome  Aca- 
demical Company,  Ashtabula  County,  411;  Academy  of  Sylvania,  458; 
Granville  Academy,  460;  Westfield  Library  Society,  Medina  County,  467; 
Brooklyn  Library  Company,  Cuyahoga  County,  468 ;  Greensville  Library 
Association,  468;  Port  Washington  Library  and  Lyceum  Company,  Tus- 
carawas  County,  488;  Rutland  Library  Association,  488;  Sharon  Academy, 
Medina  County,  514;  Mclntire  Poor  School,  Zanesville,  574;  Medina  Acad- 
emy Lyceum,  Cuyahoga  County,  546;  Cleves  Independent  School,  Hamil- 
ton County,  547. 

ACTS     CONCERNING     CHURCH     AND     RELIGIOUS     INCORPORATIONS      MENTIONING 
EDUCATIONAL    FUNCTIONS. 

Associated  Reform  Church,  Piqua,  Miami  County,  7;  M.  E.  Church, 
Canton,  Stark  County,  11 ;  First  Congregational  Church,  Rome,  Ashtabula 
County,  28 ;  Presbyterian  Church,  Monroeville,  Jefferson  County,  43 ; 
German  Reform  Church,  Dayton,  Montgomery  County,  45;  First  Metho- 
dist .Society,  Sandusky,  Huron  County,  47 ;  Wardens  and  Vestrymen  of 
Grace  Church,  Huron  County,  51 ;  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  Bellevue, 
Huron  County,  53;  First  Congregational  Society,  Lagrange,  Lorain 
County,  79;  Lutheran  and  German  Reform  Church,  New  Rumley,  Harri- 
son County,  82;  First  Congregational  Society,  Geauga  County,  95; 
Cheviot  Presbyterian  Church,  Hamilton  County,  98;  German  Reform 
Church,  Greene  County,  119;  Presbyterian  Congregation,  Carrolton,  182; 
M.  E.  Church,  Willisville,  Columbiana  County,  193;  First  Presbyterian 
Church,  Lower  Sandusky,  Sandusky  County,  246;  First  Presbyterian 
Church,  Knoxville,  Jefferson  County,  248 ;  First  Presbyterian  Church, 
Norwalk,  Huron  County,  290;  First  Presbyterian  Church,  New  Lisbon, 
292;  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Olive  Township,  Morgan  County,  293; 
Middlebury  Baptist  Church,  390;  Free  Will  Baptist  Society,  478;  Presby- 
terian Church,  Helson,  Licking  County,  483 ;  First  Episcopal  Church, 
Maumee  City,  Lucas  County,  488;  Wardens  and  Vestrymen,  St.  Paul's 
Church,  Norwalk,  513;  Second  Baptist  Church  and  Society,  Geauga 
County,  524;  First  Baptist  Church,  Madison,  Geauga  County,  555;  First 
Baptist  Church,  Massillon,  587. 

ACTS   CONCERNING   THE    SELLING   OR    LEASING   OF    SCHOOL  LANDS. 

(Amendatory)  Virginia  Military  District,  15;  Carroll  County,  16; 
Richland  County,  72;  Seneca  County,  91;  Jackson  County,  118;  Ohio 
Company's  Purchase,  121;  (extending  the  time  of  payment)  Butler 
County,  128;  Wayne  County,  130;  Butler  County,  134;  Seneca  County, 


Appendix  B.  243 

134;  Relief  of  Charles  Stewart,  144;  twelve  mile  reserve,  152;  Crawford 
County,  218;  Guernsey  County,  312;  Carroll  County,  313;  (extending  the 
time  of  payment)  Richland  County,  373;  Crawford  County,  400;  (ex- 
tending the  time  of  payment)  Logan  County,  447;  (extending  the  time  of 
payment)  Richland  County,  447;  Ohio  Company's  Purchase,  523;  Gallia 
County,  589. 

CITY    AND    TOWN    ACTS    CONCERNING     SCHOOLS. 

City  of  Ohio,  Section  29,  226;  City  of  Cleveland,  Sections  19  to 
29,  271 ;  Town  of  Akron,  Section  7,  433. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Register,  Virginia  Military  School  Lands,  639;  report  of  Ohio 
University,  643;  trustees,  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  647;  distribution  of 
school  laws,  647;  Committee  on  Education  of  Blind,  648;  trustees,  Ripley 
College,  649;  School  District  Manual,  659;  information  on  European 
school  systems,  659;  a  deaf  and  dumb  student,  662. 


VOL.  XXXV. 
General. 

Declaring  valid  certain  leases,  63;  creating  the  office  of  Superin- 
tendent of  Common  Schools,  82 ;  providing  for  a  geological  survey,  84 ; 
providing  for  distribution  of  the  state's  share  of  U.  S.  surplus,  97;  to 
punish  trespassers  on  public  lands,  111 ;  appropriations  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Asylum,  113;  provision  for  instruction  of  the  blind,  116;  receiving  for- 
eign pupils  in  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  118;  levying  a  tax  for  state 
purposes,  121. 

Local. 

Increasing  the  number  of  trustees  and  visitors  of  Common  Schools, 
Cincinnati,  141;  appointing  a  trustee  of  the  Miami  University,  152; 
authorizing  directors  to  levy  a  tax  for  building  purposes,  Butler  and 
Geauga  Counties,  243. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    INCORPORATION    OF    EDUCATIONAL    AND   LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS. 

Franklin  Scientific  and  Rhetorical  Society,  Western  Reserve  Col- 
lege, 3 ;  Springborough  School  Company,  Warren  County,  4 ;  Athenaeum 
Literary  Society,  Ohio  University,  5 ;  German  Reformed  Synod  of  Ohio, 
9 ;  Middlebury  High  School,  Portage  County,  20 ;  Putnam  Lyceum,  Mus- 
kingum  County,  22;  Paris  Library  Association,  Richland  County,  47; 
New  Lisbon  Lyceum,  49 ;  Blendon  Library  Society,  Franklin  County, 
53 ;  St.  Clair's  Collegiate  Seminary,  55 ;  North  Royalton  Social  Library 
Society,  Cuyahoga  County,  96 ;  Darby  Creek  Lyceum  and  Library  Asso- 
ciation, Union  County,  104;  (amendatory)  St.  Clairsville  Female  Colle- 


244  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

giate  Seminary,  108 ;  Warren  Academy,  Trumbull  County,  133 ;  Shef- 
field Manual  Labor  Institute,  139 ;  Columbus  Literary  and  Scientific  In- 
stitute, 167 ;  Neville  Institute,  Columbiana  County,  185 ;  New  Hagarstown 
Academy,  Carroll  County,  193;  Monroe  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  and 
Library  Association,  Ashtabula  County,  195 ;  Ruggles  Library  Society, 
Huron  County,  196 ;  Stark  County  Orphans'  Institute,  201 ;  New  Phila- 
delphia Library  Society,  237 ;  Berea  Seminary,  Cuyahoga  County,  230 ; 
(amendatory)  North  Union  School  Association,  Carroll  County,  247 ; 
Philomathean  Literary  Institute,  Antrim,  Guernsey  County,  262 ;  Mus- 
kingum  College,  272;  (amendatory)  Miami  University,  303;.  Litchfield 
Lyceum  and  Society,  Medina  County,  336;  Mechanics'  Institute,  Leba- 
non, Warren  County,  339 ;  Sandusky  City  Lyceum  and  Library  Society, 
Huron  County,  340;  Monroe  Seminary,  Monroe  County,  342;  Parma 
Library  Association,  Cuyahoga  County,  346 ;  Baptist  Literary  and  Col- 
legiate Institute,  Huron  County,  347;  (amendatory)  Platonic  Library 
Society,  Delaware  County,  353;  Western  Collegiate  Institute,  378;  Troy 
Academy,  Miami  County,  380;  Stark  County  Lyceum,  405;  New  Phila- 
delphia Academy,  406;  Teachers'  Institute,  Licking  County,  417;  Mas- 
sillon  Academy,  425;  (amendatory)  Young  Men's  Library  Association, 
Cincinnati,  445;  Cleveland  Female  Seminary,  511;  Cleveland  Female 
Orphan  Asylum,  513. 

ACTS    CONCERNING  THE   SELLING   AND  LEASING   OF    SCHOOL  LANDS. 

(Extending  time  of  payment)  Virginia  Military  school  lands,  10; 
Ohio  Company's  Purchase,  14;  relief  of  John  Feller,  Fairfield  County, 
58;  Muskingum  County,  170;  (repealing)  relief  of  John  Feller,  175; 
Monroe  County,  184 ;  Putnam  County,  207 ;  Crawford  County,  221 ;  Ham- 
ilton County,  224;  Miami  County,  229;  (extending  time  of  payment) 
Logan  County,  230;  (extending  time  of  payment)  Butler  County,  242; 
Carroll  County,  243;  Wood  County,  247;  Monroe  County,  261;  Darke 
County,  265 ;  Washington,  Meigs  and  Gallia  Counties,  267 ;  Crawford 
County,  275;  Jefferson  County,  290;  Wood  County,  297;  Crawford 
County,  319;  Wood  County,  321;  Ohio  Company's  Purchase,  352;  Har- 
din  County,  437;  (amendatory)  selling  of  Section  16,  446. 

CITY   AND   TOWN    ACTS    CONCERNING    SCHOOLS. 

City  of  Toledo,   Section  29,  32. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Athens  College  (requiring  reports),  543;  trustees,  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Asylum,  555 ;  Dr.  Howe's  Report,  education  of  the  blind,  559 ;  appro- 
priation, State  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  560;  State  Library, 
562;  trustees,  Ohio  Institution  for  the  Blind,  566. 


Appendix  B.  245 

VOL.  XXXVI. 
General. 

For  the  support  of  Common  Schools,  21 ;  for  the  relief  of  the 
Medical  College  of  Ohio,  37 ;  making  further  provision  for  the  Institu- 
tion of  the  Blind,  49;  amending  the  act  for  the  sale  of  Section  16,  63; 
authorizing  County  Auditors  to  permit  certain  school  districts  to  receive 
their  portion  of  school  funds,  73;  (amendatory)  distribution  of  the 
surplus  revenue,  79;  levying  a  tax  for  state  and  school  purposes,  85; 
regulating  office  of  County  Auditors  (school  duties),  90;  appropria- 
tions. State  Library,  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  Professor  Stowe's  Report, 
and  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  92. 

Local. 

Authorizing  certain  school  districts  to  borrow  money  for  school- 
houses,  Stark  County,  164;  authorizing  the  sale  of  public  square,  Win- 
chester, Adams  County  (to  erect  school-house),  98;  authorizing  a  loan 
to  Ohio  University,  205;  for  the  relief  of  the  town  of  Dover,  Tuscara- 
was  County,  211 ;  authorizing  a  school  district  in  Stark  County  to  bor- 
row money  (building),  227;  appointing  trustees  Miami  University,  269. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    INCORPORATION   OF   EDUCATIONAL   AND   LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS. 

Rush  Medical  Society  of  Willoughby  University  of  Lake  Erie,  15; 
(amendatory)  Lane  Seminary,  22;  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Asso- 
ciated Reform  Synod  of  the  West,  34;  Newark  Athenaeum,  39;  Akron 
High  School,  Portage  County,  52 ;  Cambridge  Academy,  Guernsey  County, 
98;  Massillon  Female  Seminary,  Stark  County,  98;  Granger  Library 
Association,  Medina  County,  106 ;  Ohio  Falls  Primary  Institute,  Chagrin 
Falls,  Cuyahoga  and  Geauga  Counties,  107;  Western  Reserve  Wesleyan 
Seminary,  157 ;  Edinburgh  Academy,  159 ;  Columbus  Female  Benevolent 
Society,  185;  Adelphic  Society,  Western  Reserve  College,  186;  Literary, 
Historical  and  Philosophical  Society,  Canton,  Stark  County,  187 ;  Wayne 
Academy,  190;  Logan  College,  203;  Immigrants'  Friends  Society,  Section 
2,  Cincinnati,  208 ;  Norwalk  Female  Seminary,  210 ;  Chester  Academy, 
Geauga  County,  227 ;  Eaton  Academy,  Preble  County,  231 ;  Sandusky 
Academy,  Huron  County,  235 ;  Dover  Lyceum,  Tuscarawas  County,  220 ; 
Union  Men's  Association,  Toledo,  270;  Union  Academy,  Union  County, 
287 ;  Dover  Academy,  Tuscarawas  County,  317 ;  Lebanon  Medical  So- 
ciety, 347 ;  Marion  Academy,  Marion  County,  362 ;  First  Mechanics 
Lyceum,  Marietta,  Washington  County,  365;  Newark  Association  for 
the  Promotion  of  Education,  371 ;  Painesville  Library  Association, 
Geauga  County,  378. 


246  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 


ACTS    CONCERNING    CHURCH    AND    RELIGIOUS    INCORPORATIONS    MENTIONING 
EDUCATIONAL    FUNCTION. 

Society  of   United   Christians,   Berea,   Cuyahoga   County,.  238. 


ACTS    CONCERNING    THE    SELLING    AND    LEASING    OF    SCHOOL    LANDS. 

Monroe  County,  38;  (extending  time  of  payment)  Warren  County, 
49;  Richland  County,  50. 

CITY   AND  TOWN    ACTS    CONCERNING    SCHOOLS. 

(Amendatory)  town  of  Fulton  (Section  2),  199;  (amendatory) 
City  of  Cincinnati  (Section  6),  241;  City  of  Chillicothe  (Section  30), 
274;  (amendatory)  Town  of  Portsmouth  (Sections  14  to  23),  329. 

Resolutions  Co ncerning : 

State  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  399;  Trustees,  Medical 
College  of  Ohio,  402;  Professor  Stowe's  Report  (Elementary  Public 
Education  in  Europe),  402;  Members  of  the  Geological  Group,  403; 
Geological  Survey,  404;  Professor  Stowe's  Report,  404;  appropriating 
five  hundred  dollars,  Professor  Stowe,  404;  trustees,  Charity  School  of 
Kendall,  404 ;  trustees,  Ohio  Institution  for  the  Blind,  408 ;  trustees,  Deaf 
and  Dumb  Asylum,  409;  Common  School  Reports  and  C.  E.  Stowe's 
Report,  410;  appointing  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  411;  school 
tax  on  colored  people,  412;  school  lands  in  land  acquired  from  Indians, 
413;  Report  of  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  415;  concerning  a 
state  University  for  teachers,  418. 


VOLUME  XXXVII. 
General. 

To  regulate  incorporated  literary  societies,  49;  (amendatory)  for  the 
regulation  of  Common  Schools,  61 ;  authorizing  the  Canal  Fund  Com- 
missioners to  borrow  money,  68 ;  making  appropriations  of  various  items 
concerning  education,  71 ;  for  the  relief  of  holders  of  leases  of  Section 
16,  78. 

Local. 

Authorizing  school  trustees  to  borrow  money,  Gallipolis,  20 ;  (amend- 
atory) trustees  of  Windham  School  Fund,  50 ;  organizing  Hamilton,  But- 
ler County,  into  two  school  districts,  51 ;  authorizing  Chillicothe  to  bor- 
row money  (school  purposes),  64;  concerning  medical  and  surgical 
supervision  of  the  Commercial  Hospital  of  Ohio,  71 ;  authorizing  Troy 
and  Miami  Counties  to  borrow  money,  school  building,  136;  to  remit  a 
building  tax,  Ashtabula  County,  224 ;  to  levy  a  school  tax,  235 ;  appoint- 
ing trustees,  Ohio  University,  277 ;  authorizing  Wooster  to  borrow  money 
(school  purposes),  283;  dividing  Akron  into  two  school  districts,  285. 


Appendix  B.  247 


ACTS    CONCERNING    INCORPORATION    OF    EDUCATIONAL    AND    LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS. 

Bigelow  High  School,  Xenia,  6 ;  Johnstown  Lyceum,  Licking  County, 
13;  Rockford  Lyceum,  Cuyahoga  County,  18;  McConnellsville  Library 
and  Reading  Room  Association,  21 ;  Martinsburg  Academy,  Knox  County, 
30;  Blendon  Young  Men's  Seminary,  43;  Ashland  Academy,  Richland 
County,  44;  Western  Reserve  Teachers'  Seminary,- 79;  Oxford  Female 
Seminary,  80 ;  First  Universalian  Religious  Library  Society,  Harmar,  84 ; 
Asbury  Seminary,  Chagrin  Falls,  109;  St.  Mary's  Library  Association, 
126 ;  Dayton  Mechanics  Institute,  135 ;  Worthington  Female  Seminary, 
141;  Martinsville  Silliman  Institute  and  Library  Company,  144;  Philo- 
mathean  Society,  Ohio  University,  146;  Franklin  Library  Association, 
147;  Universalist  Institute,  Ohio  City,  155;  Parkman  Academy,  Geauga 
County,  156;  Monroe  Academical  Association,  Monroe  County,  166; 
Woodsfield  Lyceum,  168;  Harveysburgh  High  School  Company,  Warren 
County,  169;  Conneaut  Lyceum,  195;  Literary  and  Botanical  Medical 
College  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  208;  Elizabethtown  Circulating  Library 
Company,  Licking  County,  217;  Perrysburgh  Literary  and  Library  Asso- 
ciation, 219;  Brooklyn  Center  Academy,  222;  Auglaize  Seminary,  254; 
Lithopolis  Academy,  255;  Worthington  Literati,  256;  Meigs  County 
High  School  and  Teachers'  Institute,  257 ;  Mt.  Pleasant  Boarding  School, 
262;  Fredonia  Library  Association,  Licking  County,  263;  Cuyahoga  Falls 
Institute,  263;  Ravenna  Female  Seminary,  291;  Malta  Lyceum,  294;  Fair- 
field  Library  Association,  Huron  County,  295 ;  Philomathean  Literary 
Institute  changed  to  Mason  College,  Guernsey  County,  308 ;  New  Hagars- 
town  Female  Seminary,  344;  (supplementary)  Theological  Seminary 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  353. 

ACTS   CONCERNING  THE   SELLING    AND   LEASING   OF   SCHOOL  LANDS. 

(Extending  time  of  payment)  Butler  County,  10;  Columbiana  County, 
39;  Jefferson  County,  88;  (relief  of  John  Wolfe),  Montgomery  County, 
130;  Hocking  County,  140;  Greene  County,  170;  Jackson  County,  198; 
(extending  time  of  payment)  Holmes  County,  260;  (relief  of  two  les- 
sees) Clark  County,  315;  Jefferson  County,  387. 

CITY   AND  TOWN   ACTS   CONCERNING   SCHOOLS. 

Support  and  better  regulation  of  public  schools,  Zanesville,  194; 
(amendatory)  City  of  Cincinnati,  Section  6,  297. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  394;  trustees, 
Ripley  College,  395;  trustees,  Blind  Asylum,  403;  register,  Virginia  Mili- 
tary District  School  Lands,  404;  (exemption  from  tuition)  two  deaf  and 
dumb  students,  405;  trustees,  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  414. 


248  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

VOLUME  XXXVIII. 
General. 

Levying  taxes,  Section  1,  3;  inspection  of  salt  (fines  for  schools),  25; 
(amendatory)  incorporating  townships,  58;  (amendatory)  sale  of  Sec- 
tion 16,  61 ;  (amendatory)  sale  of  school  lands,  United  States  Military 
School  District,  62 ;  (amendatory)  levying  taxes,  Section  1,  81 ;  (extend- 
ing time  of  payment)  purchasers  of  school  lands,  83;  abolishing  the 
office  of  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools,  131 ;  making  appropria- 
tions (various  educational  items),  144. 

Local. 

Appointing  trustees,  Miami  University,  96;  (amendatory)  regulating 
the  fur  trade  (fees  for  schools),  129;  to  establish  a  school  district,  War- 
ren County,  145;  (amendatory)  to  establish  a  school  fund  in  Warren 
County,  149. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    INCORPORATION    OF    EDUCATIONAL    AND    LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS. 

Airington  Lyceum,  8;  Harmar  Lyceum,  19;  Neville  Library  Society, 
19;  Marysville  Library  Institute,  28;  Oxford  Library  Society,  Butler 
County,  29;  Bascom  Seminary  of  Waynesburg,  Stark  County,  29;  Liter- 
ary and  Philosophical  Society,  Smithfield,  Jefferson  County,  30 ;  Addison 
Library  Association,  Champaign  County,  36;  Athenaeum  Library  Society, 
Warren  County,  47;  Portsmouth  Library  Company,  45;  Kalida  Lyceum, 
70;  Alpha  Kappa  Society,  Marietta  College,  78;  (repealing)  Stark  County 
Orphans'  Institute,  87;  Miami  Society,  104;  Burlington  Library  Associa- 
tion, Lawrence  County,  111 ;  Union  Literary  Society,  Miami  University, 
125;  Greenfield  Institute,  Huron  County,  127;  Streetsboro  High  School, 
127;  Cleveland  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  138;  Farmers  and  Me- 
chanics Institute,  Hamilton- County,  139;  Willoughby  Female  Academy, 
155;  Franklin  Literary  Society,  Bellville,  Richland  County,  163;  (amend- 
atory) establishing  a  college  in  Worthington,  174 ;  Twinsborough  Library 
Society,  179 ;  Reading  Mutual  Improvement  and  Library  Association, 
Hamilton  County,  183;  American  Lyceum  of  Education,  Cincinnati,  192; 
(repealing)  Washington  Social  Library  Company,  197. 

ACTS   CONCERNING  THE   SELLING   AND  LEASING  OF   SCHOOL   LANDS. 

Steubenville  land  district,  14 ;  Lawrence  County,  42 ;  relief  of  lessee, 
Harrison  County,  62;  Preble  County,  66;  Washington  County,  77;  Knox 
County,  81;  Greene  County,  96;  Lucas  County,  97;  (relief  of  Timothy 
Evarts),  Richland  County,  107;  Williams  County,  109;  Allen  County, 
125;  Columbiana  County,  131;  Scioto  County,  132;  Delaware  County, 
133 ;  Athens  County,  143 ;  Shelby  County,  144 ;  Akron  School  District, 
145;  (relief  of  two  lessees)  Washington  County,  160;  Tnscarawas 
County,  164;  Lucas  County,  177;  (relief  of  lessees)  Washington  County, 


Appendix  B.  249 

178;  Columbiana  and  Carroll  Counties,  180  (amendatory)  Ohio  University 
lands,  183;  (relief  of  David  Holbrook)  Morgan  County,  195;  Meigs 
County,  211. 

CITY    AND   TOWN    ACTS    CONCERNING    SCHOOLS. 

City  of  Cincinnati,  Sections  9  to  12,  157. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Use  of  State  Library,  217;  deaf  and  dumb  student,  217;  interest  on 
school  funds,  220;  report  of  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  224;  admission  of 
certain  indigent  students  to  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  233;  trustees,  Deaf 
and  Dumb  Asylum,  243;  trustees,  Ohio  University,  244;  trustee,  Ohio 
Institution  for  Instruction  of  Blind,  246. 


VOLUME  XXXIX. 
General. 

Extending  time  for  payment  to  purchasers  of  school  lands  in  this 
state,  25;  making  appropriations  (various  educational  items),  29;  (amend- 
atory) for  the  prevention  of  certain  immoral  practices,  34;  (amendatory) 
providing  for  the  distribution  of  this  state's  proportion  of  the  surplus 
revenue,  41 ;  an  act  declaratory  of  the  law  in  certain  cases,  and  to  pro- 
hibit the  appraisers  of  land  from  purchasing  same,  42 ;  (amendatory)  an 
act  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools,  44. 

Local. 

Appointing  trustees  of  the  Miami  University,  122;  authorizing  the 
trustees  of  Zanesville  Township  to  lay  off  in  school  districts  the  part  of 
the  township  not  included  in  the  limits  of  Zanesville,  128 ;  to  form  a  new 
school  district,  Franklin  County,  177 ;  to  form  a  new  school  district,  Troy 
Township,  Richland  County,  178. 

ACTS     CONCERNING     INCORPORATION     OF     EDUCATIONAL     AND    LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS. 

The  Phi  Delta  Society  of  Western  Reserve  College,  4;  The  Ridge- 
ville  Lyceum,  Lorain  County,  7 ;  Massillon  Lyceum,  Stark  County,  9 ; 
The  Cincinnati  New  Jerusalem  Church  School  Association,  11 ;  James- 
town Literary  Society,  Greene  County,  27;  Psi  Gamma  Society,  Marietta 
College,  44;  Cincinnati  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  50;  Edinburg  College, 
Wayne  County,  51 ;  Columbus  Literary  Lyceum,  52 ;  Beaver  Lyceum,  52 ; 
Franklin  Institute  of  the  Town  of  Portsmouth,  53;  Lower  Sandusky 
Literary  and  Scientific  Institute,  53 ;  Franklin  Library  Association  of 
Carlisle,  Lorain  County,  53 ;  Orange  Library  Company,  Cuyahoga  County, 
54 ;  Burlington  Academy,  Lawrence  County,  62 ;  Athens  Female  Academy, 
65;  Berkshire  Educational  Society,  Delaware  County,  103;  Mayfield  Cir- 
culating Library,  Cuyahoga  County,  103;  Franklin  Library  Society,  Wa- 


250  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

terford,    Knox    County,    104;    (amendatory)    Berea    Seminary,    Cuyahoga 
County,  104. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    CHURCH    AND    RELIGIOUS    INCORPORATIONS     MENTIONING 
EDUCATIONAL    FUNCTIONS. 

(Amendatory)  Incorporating  the  Wardens  and  Vestrymen  of  Grace 
Church  in  Sandusky  City,  160. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    THE    SALE   AND   LEASING   OF    SCHOOL    LANDS. 

(Amendatory)  Allen  County,  5;  (relief  of  Herman  Bower)  San- 
dusky  County,  6 ;  Stark  County,  13 ;  Sandusky  County,  18 ;  Darke  County, 
20;  Columbiana  County,  45;  Hancock  County,  73;  Knox  County,  85; 
Mercer  County,  89;  Williams  County,  93;  Sandusky  County,  116;  Ohio 
Company's  Purchase,  129;  Marion  County,  166;  Lucas  County,  168; 
Wood  County,  170;  United  States  Reserve  of  Lucas  County,  171 ;  United 
States  Reserve  of  Lucas  County,  173. 

CITY  AND  TOWN   ACTS   CONCERNING   SCHOOLS. 

To  regulate  Common  Schools  in  the  town  of  Marietta,  22;  incor- 
porating and  establishing  the  city  of  Dayton  (Sections  29  to  33),  135. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Trustees,  Neville  Institute,  183;  trustees,  Medical  College  of  Ohio, 
184;  use  of  State  Library,  185;  trustee,  Ohio  Institute  for  the  Blind,  186; 
trustee,  Ohio  University,  186;  trustees,  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  190; 
deed  for  school  land,  191;  education  of  certain  blind  persons,  195. 


VOLUME  XL. 
General. 

(Amendatory)  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  Common 
Schools,  etc.,  49;  making  appropriations  (various  school  items),  59. 

Local. 

Authorizing  a  school  district  in  Muskingum  County  to  sell  a  part  of 
school-house  lot,  24;  to  alter  certain  school  districts,  Bucyrus,  Crawford 
County,  37;  authorizing  the  levy  of  an  additional  tax,  School  District 
No.  2,  Rome  Township,  Ashtabula  County,  48 ;  for  the  relief  of  the  Fund 
Commissioners  of  Clermont  County,  69;  (amendatory)  authorizing  trus- 
tees of  Troy  Township  to  lay  off  a  school  district,  89;  for  the  relief  of 
the  Mayor,  Recorder  and  Trustees  of  Dresden,  Muskingum  County,  97 ; 
authorizing  the  sale  of  the  public  square  in  Jacksville,  Adams  County 
(funds  for  school  use),  103;  making  special  appropriations  in  favor  of 
Shelby,  Cuyahoga  and  Lawrence  Counties,  182. 


Appendix  B.  251 


ACTS     CONCERNING     INCORPORATION     OF     EDUCATIONAL     AND    LITERARY 
INSTITUTIONS. 

First  Moral  Library  Association  of  Williamsfield,  Ashtabula  County, 
5 ;  Chagrin  Falls  Mechanics  Library  Association,  Cuyahoga  County,  16 ; 
Mechanics  Institute,  Urbana,  16;  Philomathean  Literary  Society,  Ashta- 
bula County,  31 ;  Dover  Library  Association,  Cuyahoga  County,  35 ;  Don- 
aldsville  Library  Association,  Clark  County,  36;  (amendatory)  Protes- 
tant Methodist  Academy  in  the  Village  of  Brighton,  Cuyahoga  County, 
59;  Trustees  of  the  Central  College  of  Ohio,  76;  Eaton  Medical  Society, 
83;  St.  Xavier  College,  84;  Orwell  Library  and  Reading  Society,  Ashta- 
bula County,  85;  Pine  Grove  Academy,  Porter,  Gallia  County,  86; 
(amendatory)  Urbana  Academy,  88;  (amendatory)  Wesleyan  University, 
111;  (repealing)  Granville  Alexandria  Society,  113;  Ohio  Conference 
High  School,  Springfield,  Clark  County,  114;  Canaan  Union  Society,  116; 
Tallmadge  Academical  Institute,  117 ;  Bath  High  School,  Bath,  Summit 
County,  119;  Lafayette  University,  New  Carlisle,  Clark  County,  119; 
Findlay  Literary  Lyceum,  Hancock  County,  141 ;  Portsmouth  Mechanics 
Institute  and  Mechanics  Library  Association,  122;  (amendatory)  Philo- 
zethian  Society  of  the  Western  Reserve  College,  122;  Wellsville  Lyceum, 
Gallia  County,  123;  (amendatory)  Miami  University,  123;  (amendatory) 
Barnesville  Male  Academy,  128. 

ACTS    CONCERNING   THE    SALE   AND   LEASING   OF    SCHOOL   LANDS. 

Athens  County,  3 ;  Seneca  County,  36 ;  Sandusky  County,  66 ;  Craw- 
ford County,  81 ;  Marion  County,  86 ;  Crawford  County,  89 ;  Muskingum 
County,  101 ;  Lucas  County,  108 ;  Perry  County,  124 ;  Lucas  County,  128 ; 
Jackson  County,  135;  Meigs  County,  137;  Miami  Purchase,  138;  San- 
dusky  County,  141 ;  Williams  County,  144 ;  Putnam  County,  150 ;  Tus- 
carawas  County,  173 ;  Sandusky  County,  198. 

CITY    AND   TOWN    ACTS    CONCERNING    SCHOOLS. 

(Amendatory)  City  of  Cincinnati,  Section  2,  143. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

An  indigent  blind  student,  205 ;  trustees,  Charity  School  of  Kendall, 
206;  a  certain  blind  student,  211;  register  of  the  Virginia  Military  Dis- 
trict School  Lands,  212;  trustees,  Charity  School  of  Kendall,  212;  a  cer- 
tain deaf  and  dumb  student,  215 ;  a  certain  blind  student,  215 ;  a  certain 
deaf  and  dumb  student,  216;  a  blind  student,  217;  a  deaf  and  dumb  stu- 
dent, 217 ;  Ohio  University  lands,  218 ;  trustees,  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum, 
228;  trustee,  Ohio  Institute  for  the  Blind,  230. 


252  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 


VOLUME  XL — Second  Session. 

ACTS   CONCERNING   THE    SELLING   AND  LEASING  OF    SCHOOL  LANDS. 

Lucas  County,  2. 

Resolution  Concerning: 

A  certain  deaf  and  dumb  student,  7. 


VOLUME  XLI. 
General. 

An  act  to  extend  the  time  of  payment  to  purchasers  of  school  lands 
in  this  state,  4;  regulating  the  sale  of  ministerial  and  school  lands  and 
the  surrender  of  permanent  leases  thereto,  20;  (amendatory)  making  fur- 
ther provision  for  the  instruction  of  the  blind,  57;  (amendatory)  for  the 
support  and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools,  etc.,  59 ;  for  the  regu- 
lation of  county  jails,  74 ;  making  appropriations  (various  educational 
items),  95. 

Local. 

(Repealing)  Incorporating  the  town  of  Mt.  Eden,  49;  authorizing 
the  trustees  of  Milton  Township,  Trumbull  County,  to  lay  off  the  town- 
ship into  school  districts,  60 ;  authorizing  the  trustees  of  Painesville 
Township,  Licking  County,  to  divide  the  town  into  school  districts,  62; 
appointing  trustee  of  Miami  University,  87 ;  an  act  to  erect  the  Risdon 
Common  School  District,  125 ;  making  a  special  appropriation  to  Cham- 
paign County  for  school  purposes,  155;  to  divide  the  town  of  Lancaster 
into  school  districts,  216;  to  divide  School  District  No.  1,  Warren  Town- 
ship, Trumbull  County,  219 ;  Morgantown  Medical  Society,  145 ;  trustees 
of  the  Methodist  Female  Collegiate  Institute  of  Cincinnati,  146;  Oakland 
Female  Seminary,  Hillsborough,  148 ;  New  Paris  Medical  Institute, 
Preble  County,  174;  Massillon  Young  Men's  Polemic  Society,  Stark 
County,  175;  Mechanics  Lyceum  and  Library  Association  of  Warren, 
Trumbull  County,  176;  to  change  the  name  of  the  Franklin  Society  of 
Granville  College,  220;  Bellefontaine  Ohio  College,  220;  Mechanics  Asso- 
ciation of  Fulton,  Hamilton  County,  226. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    THE    INCORPORATION    OF    EDUCATIONAL    AND    LITERARY 

INSTITUTIONS. 

Berlin  Union  Society,  Holmes  County,  9;  amending  the  charter  of 
Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  12 ;  trustees  of  the  Germania  College,  12 ; 
Young  Men's  Literary  Association  of  Springfield,  14;  New  Lisbon  Acad- 
emy, Columbiana  County,  14;  Defiance  Literary  Lyceum,  Williams 
County,  15;  (amendatory)  trustees  of  the  Windham  School  Fund,  26; 
The  Young  Men's  Franklin  Society  of  Granville  College,  30;  St.  Mary's 
Female  Institute,  Cincinnati,  46;  Wayne  Township  Lyceum,  Jefferson 


Appendix  B.  253 

County,  52 ;  Badger  Library  Society  of  Plain,  Wood  County,  52 ;  Maumee 
City  Academy,  Lucas  County,  62;  Providence  College,  Harrison  County, 
63;  New  Orange  Library  Society  of  Cass,  Miami  County,  85;  Western 
Reserve  Free  Will  Baptist  Academical  Society,  85;  Alexandria  Literary 
Society  Licking  County,  86;  Jefferson  Library  Association,  Jefferson 
Township,  Ashtabula  County,  91 ;  Beverly  College  at  Beverly,  92 ;  Aloy- 
sius  Orphan  Society  of  Cincinnati,  112;  Cambrian  Association  of  Cin- 
cinnati for  the  Diffusion  of  Useful  Knowledge,  114;  The  Miami  Union 
Literary  Society,  Miami  University,  125 ;  Lebanon  Academy,  Warren 
County,  127;  (amendatory)  The  German  Lutheran  Seminary  of  the  Ger- 
man Lutheran  Synod  of  Ohio,  129;  (declaratory)  The  Ohio  University, 
144. 

ACTS    CONCERNING   THE    SALE   AND   LEASING    OF   SCHOOL  LANDS. 

Wood  County,  90;  Richland  County,  90;  Washington  County,  110; 
Putnam  County,  111;  Hancock  County,  111;  United  States  Reserve,  Lucas 
County,  112;  Hancock  County,  126;  Monroe  County,  141;  Athens  County, 
141 ;  Wood  County,  142 ;  Seneca  County,  142 ;  Athens  County,  143 ;  Tus- 
carawas  County,  143;  Columbiana  County,  144;  Williams  County,  175; 
Darke  County,  176;  Paulding  County,  177 ;  .Williams  County,  217;  Wil- 
liams County,  218. 

CITY    AND   TOWN    ACTS   CONCERNING    SCHOOLS. 

(Amendatory)   The  City  of  Cleveland,  130. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Remission  of  taxes  on  certain  university  lands,  241 ;  the  instruction 
of  a  certain  blind  Chinese  child,  245;  reports  from  state  instruction,  248; 
a  deaf  and  dumb  student,  248 ;  a  deaf  and  dumb  student,  249 ;  trustees, 
Asylum  for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  253 ;  a  deaf  and  dumb  student,  253 ;  com- 
pensation of  Ephraim  Cutler  as  Commissioner  of  Schools,  256;  Deaf  and 
Dumb  Asylum,  261. 

VOLUME  XLII. 
General. 

An  act  in  relation  to  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  8;  reducing  the 
compensation  of  members  of  the  General  Assembly  and  certain  other 
state  and  county  officers,  21 ;  an  act  in  addition  to  an  act  to  provide  for 
the  inspection  of  salt  (fines  for  schools),  33;  preventing  the  introduction 
and  spread  of  the  Canada  Thistle  (fines  for  schools),  37;  increasing  the 
revenue  of  the  state  Common  School  Fund  and  making  permanent  the 
transfer  thereto,  38;  an  act  to  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  to  extend 
the  time  of  payment  of  purchasers  of  School  Lands  in  this  state,"  39; 
an  act  to  amend  the  act  to  regulate  the  sale  of  school  and  ministerial 
lands  and  the  surrender  of  permanent  leases  thereto,  43 ;  an  act  to  amend 
the  act  entitled,  "An  act  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  Com- 


254  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

mon   Schools,  etc.,"  48;  an  act  making  appropriations   for  the  year  1844 
(various  educational  items),  78. 

Local. 

To  erect  a  school  district  in  Portage  Township,  Summit  County,  3; 
to  divide  School  District  No.  1,  Warren  Township,  Trumbull  County,  19; 
authorizing  School  Districts  10  and  11,  Painesville  Township,  Licking 
County,  to  levy  a  special  tax,  etc.,  126;  vesting  the  property  belonging  to 
the  Knoxville  School  Company  in  the  Knoxville  School  District  in  Jef- 
ferson County,  212. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    THE    INCORPORATION    OF    EDUCATIONAL    AND    LITERARY 

INSTITUTIONS. 

Sylvania  High  School  Company,  Lucas  County,  60;  Lebanon  Acad- 
emy, 80;  (amendatory)  Western  Reserve  College,  95;  (amendatory) 
Calliopean  Society  of  the  Granville  Literary  and  Theological  Institution, 
102 ;  Acts  to  incorporate  certain  trustees  therein  named,  102 : 

1.  The  Berlin   Young  Men's   Lyceum, 

2.  Erodelphian  Society,  Gallipolis, 

3.  The  Handel  Society  of  Western  Reserve  College; 

West  Lodi  Academy,  Seneca  County,  107;  Champaign  Library  Associa- 
tion, Chagrin  Falls,  Cuyahoga  County,  110;  Institute  of  Lower  Sandusky , 
Sandusky  County,  112;  Franklin  Academy,  Portage  County,  115;  Cin- 
cinnati Astronomical  Society,  122;  (amendatory)  Beverly  College,  160; 
Western  Reserve  Free  Will  Baptist  Educational  Society,  163;  Cincinnati 
Philosophical  Library  Association,  Hamilton  County,  169;  Dayton  Fe- 
male Association  for  the  Benefit  of  Orphans,  172;  Salem  Academy,  Buck- 
skin Township,  Ross  County,  178 ;  Dudley  Medical  University  of  Wads- 
worth,  179;  Summit  County  Medical  Society,  183;  Lorain  Institute,  184; 
The  Board  of  Directors  of  the  English  Lutheran  Theological  and  Col- 
legiate Institute  at  Wooster,  Wayne  County,  189;  Waynesville  Academy, 
Warren  County,  191 ;  Keene  Academy,  Coshocton  County,  210 ;  Ravenna 
Library  Association,  213;  (amendatory)  North  Union  School  Association 
of  Carroll  County,  221 

ACTS   CONCERNING   THE    SALE   AND   LEASING   OF    SCHOOL    LANDS. 

Hancock  County,  6;  Sandusky  County,  29;  Carroll  County,  66;  Gallia 
County,  67;  Columbiana  County,  83;  Twelve  Mile  Square  Reserve,  99; 
Morgan  County,  111;  Putnam  County,  121;  Williams  County,  131;  Meigs 
County,  132;  Sandusky  County,  132;  Monroe  County,  133;  Crawford 
County,  146;  Hocking  County,  149;  Hocking  County,  155;  Williams 
County,  156;  Ottawa  County,  156;  Williams  County,  157;  Seneca  County, 
158 ;  Monroe  County,  161 ;  Mercer  County,  161 ;  Meigs  County,  178 ;  Scioto 
County,  196;  Delaware  County,  194;  Butler  County,  206;  Williams 
County,  206. 


Appendix  B.  255 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Incorporation  of  churches,  religious  societies,  towns,  literary  socie- 
ties, library  associations,  etc.,  250 ;  report  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum, 
251 ;  report  of  the  Asylum  for  the  Blind,  252 ;  an  oculist  for  the  Asylum 
for  the  Blind,  253;  clothing  for  certain  blind,  an'd  deaf  and  dumb  stu- 
dents, 256;  trustees,  Neville  Institute,  256;  trustees,  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Asylum,  258 ;  documents  for  library  associations,  260 ;  apparatus,  etc.,  for 
the  Blind  Asylum,  270;  trustees,  Institution  of  the  Blind,  270;  trustees, 
Ohio  Medical  College,  271;  trustees,  Ohio  University,  273. 


VOLUME  XLIII. 
General. 

An  act  to  prevent  the  firing  of  cannons  upon  public  streets  and  high- 
ways (fines  for  the  use  of  schools),  17;  fixing  the  minimum  price  for 
school  lands,  58;  regulating  the  State  Library,  58;  regulating  literary 
and  other  societies,  70;  (amendatory)  for  the  support  and  better  regula- 
tion of  Common  Schools,  etc.,  98;  making  appropriations  (various  edu- 
cational items),  129;  (amendatory)  for  the  support  and  better  regulation 
of  Common  Schools,  132. 

Local. 

Authorizing  certain  investments  of  a  fund  bequeathed  by  Mrs.  Eunice 
Buckingham  for  the  purposes  of  Female  Education,  42;  to  regulate  the 
fur  trade,  etc.,  (fines  for  the  use  of  schools),  140;  for  the  relief  of  Johna- 
than  D.  Schultz,  255. 

To  regulate  Common  Schools  in  the  Township  of  Portland,  Erie 
County,  285;  for  the  relief  of  creditors  of  the  Granville  Alexandrian 
Society,  311 ;  for  the  relief  of  Sckool  District  No.  10  in  Sugar  Creek, 
Greene  County,  334;  for  the  relief  of  the  township  of  Hocking,  Fairfield 
County,  353;  to  divide  the  town  of  Hudson,  Summit  County,  into  two 
school  districts,  368;  authorizing  the  trustees  of  Cincinnati  College  to 
borrow  money  to  erect  college  buildings,  376;  authorizing  the  towns  of 
Painesville  and  Norwalk  to  levy  a  tax  for  the  benefit  of  Common  Schools 
therein,  379;  authorizing  the  City  of  Cincinnati  to  erect  a  house  of  cor- 
rection, 393;  to  attach  certain  territory  to  the  City  of  Columbus  for 
school  purposes,  404;  supplementary  to  an  act  increasing  the  number  of 
trustees  and  visitors  of  Common  Schools,  Cincinnati,  413. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    THE    INCORPORATION    OF    EDUCATIONAL    AND    LITERARY 

INSTITUTIONS. 

(Amendatory)  Marietta  College,  4;  Tallmadge  Academical  Institute, 
Summit  County,  12;  Calvinistic  Book  Concern,  15;  Bedford  Seminary, 
Cuyahoga  County,  16;  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  Cincinnati,  32,  Cin- 
cinnati Classical  Academy,  39;  (amendatory)  Granville  Literary  and 
Theological  Institution,  54;  Ohio  Baptist  Book  and  Tract  Society,  56; 


256  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

The  Young  Men's  Book  Association,  West  Canaan,  Mason  County,  61 ; 
General  Library  Association,  Cincinnati,  62 ;  Trustees  of  the  Columbus 
Academical  and  Collegiate  Institute,  65;  New  Carlisle  Social  Library 
Company,  Clark  County,  and  the  Library  Association  of  Harlem,  68; 
Tallmadge  Library  Association,  Summit  County,  70;  Aurora  Academical 
Institute,  Portage  County,  75;  Fort  Meigs  University,  80;  Ohio  Baptist 
Educational  Society,  86;  Cooper  Female  Academy  in  Dayton,  87;  Akron 
Institute,  89;  New  Orphans'  Asylum  of  Colored  Children  of  Cincinnati, 
101;  Rocky  River  Seminary,  121;  Hunterian  Society  of  the  Medical  De- 
partment of  Western  Reserve  College,  130;  (amendatory)  the  Summit 
College  Medical  Society,  141 ;  Findlay  Academical  Institute,  Hancock 
County,  203;  Putnam  Union  Sunday  School,  Muskingum  County,  205; 
(amendatory)  North  Union  School  Association  of  Carroll  County,  213; 
Vermillion  Institute,  229;  Miamisburg  Library  Association,  274;  Cottage 
Hill  Academy  in  Trumbull  County,  289;  Normal  High  School,  Carroll 
County  292;  The  Seven  Trustees  of  the  Protestant  University  of  the 
United  States,  345;  trustees  of  the  Medical  Institute  of  Cincinnati,  357; 
to  incorporate  certain  literary  societies,  361 ;  Sec.  3.  Newcomerstown 
Literary  Society,  Tuscarawas  County;  Sec.  4.  Farmers  and  Mechanics 
Library  Association,  West  Lodi,  Seneca  County;  Sec.  7.  Corwin  Literary 
Institute,  Springborough,  Warren  County;  Sec.  8.  Middletown  Academy 
in  Butler  County;  Sec.  9.  German  Catholic  Library  Association  of  Cin- 
cinnati ;  Sec.  10.  Donaldsville  Library  Association,  Clark  County ;  Sec. 

11.  Union   Society  of  Oberlin  Collegiate  Institute,  Lorain   County;   Sec. 

12.  Trustees  and  subscribers  of  the  School  Fund  Society,  Ross  County; 
Sec.  13.     Hanover  Social  Library  Association  in  Butler  County;  Sec.  14. 
Erie  County  Antiquarian  Society;  Sec.  15.  Lower  Sandusky  Phrenolog- 
ical Mesmeric  Institute,  Sandusky  County;  Board  of  Directors  of  Wit- 
tenberg   College,    375;    London    Academy,    Mason    County,    384;    Linton 
Library  Association  in  Washington  County,  389 ;  West  Jefferson  Academ- 
ical Institute,  Madison  County,  409. 


ACTS    CONCERNING    SELLING    AND   LEASING    SCHOOL   LANDS. 

Putnam  County,  9;  Seneca  County,  12;  Mercer  County,  18;  Putnam 
County,  22 ;  Fairfield  County  and  Licking  County,  30 ;  Meigs  County, 
38 ;  Lucas  County,  39 ;  Lucas  County,  41 ;  Marion  County,  48 ;  Twelve 
Mile  Square  Reserve,  56;  Williams  County,  92;  Sandusky  County,  115; 
Washington  County,  120;  Allen  County,  124;  Sandusky  County,  125; 
Sandusky  County,  126;  Richland  County  and  Knox  County,  128; 
Williams  County,  140;  Hamilton  County,  143;  Sandusky  County, 
146;  Putnam  County,  169;  Lucas  County,  170;  Lucas  County, 
176;  Perry,  Morgan  and  Muskingum  County,  205;  Holmes  County, 
221;  Stark  County,  224;  Fairfield  and  Licking  Counties,  236;  Dela- 
ware County,  256;  Athens  County,  270;  Holmes  County,  325;  Mon- 
roe County,  343;  Meigs  County,  344;  Marion  County,  357;  Monroe 


Appendix  B.  257 

County,  364;  Gallia  County,  367;  Fairfield  County,  372;  Belmont  County, 
397;   Crawford  County,  407. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Ohio  Historical  and  Philosophical  Society,  432 ;  a  certain  blind  stu- 
dent, 433;  Government  grants  for  aid  of  instruction  of  the  deaf  and 
dumb  and  blind,  344 ;  a  certain  blind  student,  435 ;  sending  school  laws  to 
Monroe  County,  438;  distributing  court  decisions  to  library  institutions, 
438 ;  furnishing  documents  to  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  441 ; 
trustees,  Miami  University,  442;  copies  of  school  laws  to  Summit  County, 
443;  religious  and  moral  instructor  for  the  Ohio  Penitentiary,  446;  for- 
warding certain  documents  to  Alexander  Vattemare,  Paris,  France,  448; 
register  of  Virginia  Military  school  lands,  450;  reports  from  the  Deaf 
and  Dumb  and  Blind  Asylums,  451 ;  oculist  for  the  Institution  of  the 
Blind,  451 ;  admission  of  teachers  into  state  asylums  and  the  state  library, 
463;  trustee,  Ohio  Institution  for  Blind,  464;  trustees,  Asylum  for  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb,  465. 


VOLUME  XLIV. 
General. 

An  act  more  effectually  to  prevent  gambling  (fines  for  the  use  of 
schools),  10;  an  act  for  the  more  effectual  protection  of  enclosures,  76 
(fines  for  the  use  of  schools)  ;  an  act  in  relation  to  religious,  literary 
and  other  incorporated  societies,  79 ;  an  act  authorizing  school  districts 
to  establish  libraries  for  the  use  of  Common  Schools,  81 ;  an  act  for 
levying  taxes  on  all  property  in  this  state,  etc.,  85 ;  an  act  to  amend  such 
acts  in  relation  to  the  Asylums  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  for  the 
Blind,  111;  (amendatory)  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  Com- 
mon Schools,  114;  an  act  making  appropriations  (various  educational 
items),  130. 

Local. 

For  the  relief  of  School  District  5,  Eaton  Township,  Lorain  County, 
and  School  District  5,  Caesar's  Creek  Township,  Greene  County,  3;  an 
act  for  the  relief  of  John  N.  Nichols  and  Wesley  Johnson,  Muskingum 
County,  29 ;  authorizing  the  town  of  Putnam,  Muskingum  County,  to 
divide  School  District  No.  1,  in  said  town,  33;  authorizing  the  city  council 
of  Cleveland  to  levy  an  additional  tax  for  Common  School  purposes,  55 ; 
(amendatory)  an  act  dividing  the  town  of  Lancaster  into  school  dis- 
tricts, 89;  authorizing  Findlay  Township,  Hancock  County,  to  divide 
District  No.  1,  108;  authorizing  the  directors  of  School  District  No.  1, 
Napoleon  Township,  Henry  County,  to  exchange  certain  lots,  121 ;  author- 
izing the  president  of  Chillicothe  Academy  to  convey  certain  property, 
123;  an  act  for  the  relief  of  the  sureties  of  Hamilton  Robb,  200;  author- 
izing the  trustees  of  the  several  townships  in  Mercer  County  to  select  a 
section  of  land  for  school  purposes  in  lieu  of  Section  16,  226;  for  the 

Vol.  XXVII  — 17. 


268  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

relief  of  School  District  No.  4,  in  Bath  Township,  Greene  County,  238; 
an  act  for  the  relief  of  School  District  14,  Fairfield  County,  268. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    THE    INCORPORATION    OF    EDUCATIONAL    AND    LITERARY 

INSTITUTIONS. 

Baldwin  College,  Middleburg,  Cuyahoga  County,  4;  (amendatory) 
Vermillion  Institute  at  Hayesville,  Ohio,  65;  Loudonville  Academy,  Rich- 
land  County,  207;  Norwalk  Institute,  122;  (amendatory)  Cincinnati  Col- 
lege, 157;  Madison  Educational  Society,  Lake  County,  161;  Farmers' 
College  of  Hamilton  County,  165;  trustees  of  the  Wesleyan  Female  Col- 
lege of  Cincinnati,  171 ;  the  Liverpool  Seminary,  Columbiana  County,  236. 

ACTS   CONCERNING   THE   SELLING   AND  LEASING  OF   SCHOOL  LANDS. 

Crawford  County,  7;  Columbiana  County,  13;  Fairfield  County,  25; 
Jefferson  County,  35;  Lucas  County,  77;  Gallia  County,  78;  Jefferson 
County,  80;  Seneca  County,  92;  Connecticut  Western  Reserve  School 
Land,  Seneca  County,  123;  Butler  County,  126;  Meigs  County,  166;  Mon- 
roe County,  244;  Hamilton  County,  244;  Scioto  County,  253. 

TOWN    AND  CITY   ACTS    CONCERNING    SCHOOLS. 

(Amendatory)  City  of  Cincinnati,  7;  an  act  for  the  better  classi- 
fication of  Schools  of  Cincinnati  and  Dayton,  and  for  other  purposes,  91 ; 
(amendatory)  City  of  Toledo,  208;  an  act  to  regulate  Common  Schools 
in  Maumee  City,  in  the  County  of  Lucas,  and  Elyria,  in  the  County  of 
Lorain,  261. 

Re  so  lurtio  ns  Concerning : 

Trustees,  Charity  School  of  Kendall,  293;  copies  of  the  school  law 
for  Washington  County,  293 ;  Mclntire  School  Fund,  294 ;  Reports  of 
the  Institution  for  the  Blind,  295;  reports  for  the  Institution  for  the 
Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  296 ;  printing  report  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Asylum,  296;  the  title  to  certain  school  lands,  298;  copies  of  the  school 
laws  to  Lorain  County,  299;  trustee,  Miami  University,  302;  copies  of 
the  school  law,  315;  trustees,  Ohio  University,  317;  trustees,  Institution 
for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  324;  trustees,  Institution  for  the  Blind,  325. 

VOL.    XLV. 
General. 

Amending  the  act  to  extend  the  time  of  payment  to  purchasers  of 
school  lands,  etc.,  21 ;  repealing  the  act  providing  for  the  inspection  of 
salt,  etc.,  22 ;  amending  the  act  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of 
Common  Schools,  etc.,  26;  an  act  regulating  the  sale  of  intoxicating 
liquors,  39  (fines  for  schools)  ;  an  act  making  appropriations  (various 
educational  items),  56;  an  act  to  amend  the  act  for  levying  taxes  on 
all  property,  etc.,  60;  an  act  to  incorporate  teachers'  institutes,  67;  an 


Appendix  B.  259 

act  to  provide  for  the  appointment  of  county  superintendents  of  Com- 
mon Schools,  and  defining  their  duties  in  certain  counties  therein  named, 
32. 

Local. 

Authorizing  the  sale  of  certain  lots  in  the  town  of  Jefferson,  Fair- 
field  County,  and  the  application  of  the  proceeds  to  the  erection  of  a 
school-house,  73 ;  authorizing  the  president  and  trustees  of  Miami  Uni- 
versity to  relinquish  certain  rents,  85;  (amendatory)  authorizing  the  city 
council  of  Cincinnati  to  erect  a  house  of  correction,  112;  an  act  to  pre- 
vent Intemperance  in  Medina,  Huron  and  Erie  Counties,  131 ;  for  the 
relief  of  school  district  No.  2,  German  Township,  Harrison  County,  and 
School  District  No.  10,  Washington  Township,  Clermont  County,  139; 
an  act  to  quiet  the  title  of  certain  lands  in  Paulding  County,  149;  an  act 
to  enable  the  town  of  Bellville  to  convey  a  lot  of  land,  166;  an  act  to 
provide  for  the  funding  of  debts  for  the  Ohio  University,  176. 

ACTS     CONCERNING    THE    INCORPORATION    OF    EDUCATIONAL    AND    LITERARY 

INSTITUTIONS. 

(Amendatory)  Willoughby  University  of  Lake  Erie,  7;  authorizing 
the  establishment  of  professorships  in  the  Farmers'  College,  Hamilton 
County,  67;  (amendatory)  Baldwin  Institute,  89;  Mansfield  Academical 
Institute,  and  amending  the  act  to  incorporate  the  Ohio  Mechanics'  In- 
stitute, 99;  Marietta  Female  College,  140. 

-     ACTS  CONCERNING   SELLING  AND  LEASING   SCHOOL  LANDS. 

Wyandot  County,  4 ;  Belmont  County,  5 ;  Belmont  County,  8 ;  Stark 
County,  10;  Washington  County,  14;  Carroll  County,  53;  Gallia  County, 
54;  Fairfield  County,  54;  Van  Wert  County,  56;  Williams  County,  71; 
Richland  County,  103;  Seneca  and  Wyandot  Counties,  104;  Greene 
County,  116;  Meigs  County,  121;  Hamilton  County,  158;  Seneca  County, 
167;  Perry  County,  173;  Morgan  County,  174;  Delaware  County,  174; 
Stark  County,  191;  Defiance  County,  192. 

CITY    AND    TOWN    ACTS    CONCERNING    SCHOOLS. 

An  act  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools 
in  School  District  No.  21  in  Urbana  County,  21 ;  (amendatory)  City  of 
Cleveland,  Section  1,  135;  Town  of  Marion,  Marion  County,  Section  9; 
161.  For  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools  in  the 
town  of  Akron,  187;  authorizing  the  city  council  of  Cincinnati  to  levy 
taxes  for  school  purposes,  193. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Reports  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  196;  Institution  for  the 
Blind,  199;  the  collection  of  natural  curiosities  for  the  State  Library, 


260  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

200;  forwarding  school  laws  to  Sandusky  County,  201;  trustees  Chanty 
School  of  Kendall,  204;  report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Common 
Schools,  207;  furnishing  the  Superintendents  of  the  Asylums  with  copies 
of  the  revised  laws,  208;  trustees,  Medical  College  of  Ohio,  208;  trustee, 
Ohio  University,  211 ;  trustee,  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  and  Blind  Asy- 
lum, 233;  employment  of  James  Russell  by  Smithsonian  Institute,  224. 


VOL.  XLVI. 
General. 

An  act  to  secure  the  returns  of  the  statistics  of  Common  Schools, 
28;  an  act  amending  the  act  granting  licenses  to  peddlers,  etc.  (fines  for 
Common  Schools),  36;  an  act  to  enable  the  inhabitants  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Reserve  to  give  their  consent  to  the  sale  of  their  school  lands,  38; 
an  act  to  provide  for  extending  the  provisions  of  an  act  entitled  "an 
act  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools  in  the 
town  of  Akron,"  and  the  amendatory  acts  thereto,  to  the  cities  and  in- 
corporated towns  of  this  state,  48;  an  act  to  amend  the  18th  Section  of 
the  School  Law  of  March  7,  1838,  51;  an  act  further  to  amend  the  act 
for  levying  taxes,  69 ;  an  act  to  provide  for  the  education  of  black  and 
mulatto  persons  and  to  amend  the  act  entitled,  "an  act  for  the  support 
and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools,  etc.,"  81 ;  an  act  to  amend 
the  act  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools,  etc., 
83;  an  act  to  amend  the  act  to  encourage  teachers'  institutes  arid  to  ex- 
tend the  provisions  of  the  acts  providing  for  teachers'  institutes  and 
county  superintendents  in  the  several  counties  of  this  state,  86;  an  act 
making  appropriations  (various  educational  items),  103. 

Local. 

An  act  to  levy  a  tax  on  the  Town  of  Lancaster,  5;  authorizing  the 
president  and  town  council  of  Portsmouth  to  levy  a  tax  for  school  and 
other  purposes,  37;  an  act  to  provide  for  the  erection  of  school-houses 
in  Springfield,  Clark  County,  85 ;  an  act  for  the  relief  of  School  District 
No.  1,  Piqua  County  and  District  No.  4,  Ashland  County,  139;  author- 
izing the  directors  of  School  District  No.  3,  Moorefield  Township,  Har- 
rison County,  to  sell  a  school  lot,  150 ;  authorizing  the  directors  of  School 
District  No.  6,  Jefferson  Township,  Madison  County,  to  sell  a  certain 
school  lot,  157 ;  authorizing  the  directors  of  School  District  No.  2,  Gratis 
Township,  Preble  County,  to  sell  a  school  lot,  176;  authorizing  the 
directors  of  School  District  No.  3,  Montgomery  Township,  Ashland 
County,  to  sell  the  school-house  and  lot,  190;  an  act  to  incorporate 
School  District  No.  1  in  Perry  Township,  Stark  County,  223;  amending 
an  act  to  dispose  of  two  escheated  lots  in  Mansfield,  Richland  County, 
232 ;  an  act  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools  in 
the  Lebanon  District  in  Warren  County,  237 ;  to  regulate  the  sale  of  in- 
toxicating liquors  in  the  town  of  Chagrin  Falls,  269. 


Appendix  B.  261 


ACTS    CONCERNING    THE    INCORPORATION    OF    EDUCATIONAL    AND    LITERARY 

SOCIETIES. 

Changing  the  name  of  the  Richland  Classical  Institute  of  Jefferson 
County,  7 ;  the  R.  M.  Bradley  Commercial  College,  Cincinnati,  12 ;  Board 
of  Directors  of  Muhlenberg  College  in  Jefferson,  Harrison  County,  19; 
the  Gundry-Bacon  Cincinnati  Mercantile  College,  21 ;  Starling  Medical 
College  in  Columbus,  31;  (amendatory)  Cincinnati  Classical  Academy,  46; 
the  Medical  and  Surgical  Society  of  the  County  of  Ashland,  76;  (amend- 
atory) Miami  University,  88;  (amendatory)  to  enable  the  Knoxville 
School  Company  to  close  its  concerns,  107;  Xenia  Academy,  114;  Rich- 
land  Academical  Institute,  Logan  County,  126 ;  The  Felicity  Female  Semi- 
nary, Clermont  County,  135;  Cleveland  Library  Association,  149;  Me- 
dina College,  188;  Newton  College,  Hamilton  County,  211;  Edinburgh 
College,  220;  The  Western  Art  Union,  228;  The  State  Medical  Society 
of  Ohio,  231. 

ACTS    CONCERNING   THE    SALE   AND  LEASING   OF    SCHOOL  LANDS. 

Greene  County  and  Piqua  County,  8;  Wyandot  County,  24;  Wyandot 
County,  27;  Muskingum  County,  33;  Scioto  County,  35;  Meigs  County,  47; 
Allen  County,  43 ;  Paulding  County,  48 ;  Mercer  County,  49 ;  Montgomery 
County,  80 ;  Williams  County,  85 ;  Richland  County,  91 ;  Montgomery 
County,  91 ;  Seneca  County,  91 ;  Seneca  County,  92 ;  Crawford  and  Wyan- 
dot County,  92;  Sandusky  County,  102;  Muskingum  County,  134;  Morgan 
County,  137;  Stark  County,  139;  Shelby  County,  140;  Montgomery 
County,  141 ;  Defiance  County,  144 ;  Ashland  County,  145 ;  Ottawa  County, 
162;  Carroll  County,  188;  Paulding  County,  207;  Lucas  County,  219; 
Hamilton  County,  241 ;  Paulding  County,  265. 

CITY   AND  TOWN   ACTS   CONCERNING    SCHOOLS, 

(Amendatory)  An  act  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of 
Common  Schools  in  the  town  of  Akron,  46;  (repealing)  an  act  for  the 
support  and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools  in  School  District 
No.  1,  Ravenna,  51;  (amendatory)  an  act  for  the  support  and  better  reg- 
ulation of  Common  Schools  in  Zanesville,  54;  for  the  better  regulation 
and  support  of  schools  in  the  City  of  Cleveland,  150 ;  for  the  support  and 
better  regulation  of  Common  Schools  in  the  town  of  Lithopolis,  Fair- 
field  County,  185 ;  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  Common 
Schools  in  Lancaster,  191 ;  (amendatory)  an  act  for  the  support  and 
better  regulation  of  Common  Schools  in  the  City  of  Columbus,  259. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Virginia  Military  District  School  Lands,  282;  report  on  medical 
societies  and  colleges,  286;  report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Schools,  2.86; 
trustees,  Ohio  University,  288;  trustees,  Miami  University,  291;  directing 


262  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

the  printing  of  the  Akron  Law  for  Common  Schools  with  the  General 
Laws,  293;  report  of  the  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  296;  cor- 
recting an  error  in  the  school  funds  in  Troy  and  Sylvian  Townships, 
Ashland  County,  296;  appointing  a  director  of  the  Blind  Asylum,  303; 
trustees,  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  307 ;  furnishing  Wyandot  County 
with  School  Laws,  309;  asking  the  Governor  to  examine  and  report  upon 
the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  Blind  Asylums,  317. 


VOL.  XLVII. 
General. 

An  act  to  authorize  the  establishment  of  separate  schools  for  the 
education  of  colored  children,  and  for  other  purposes,  17;  amending  an 
act  to  incorporate  teachers'  institutes,  19;  an  act  for  the  better  regu- 
lation of  the  public  schools  in  cities,  towns,  etc.,  22 ;  (amendatory)  an  act 
for  the  support,  etc.,  of  Common  Schools,  39;  (amendatory)  an  act  for 
the  support,  etc.,  of  Common  Schools,  43;  (amendatory)  an  act  for  the 
support  and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools  in  the  Town  of  Akron, 
45;  an  act  making  appropriations  (various  educational  items)  45; 
(amendatory)  an  act  for  the  support,  etc.,  of  Common  Schools,  52. 
Local. 

An  act  in  relation  to  taxes,  schools  and  sewers  in  the  City  of  To- 
ledo, 205 ;  (amendatory)  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of  Com- 
mon Schools  in  Columbus,  230;  (repealing)  the  provisions  of  the  Akron 
Act  for  the  town  of  New  Lebanon,  Columbiana  County,  253 ;  to  amend 
the  charter  of  the  City  of  Ohio,  278 ;  an  act  to  regulate  a  certain  school 
district  in  Orrville  Township,  Ashtabula  County,  224;  an  act  for  the 
support  and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools  in  District  No.  4, 
Washington  Township,  Preble  County,  224;  to  organize  School  District 
No.  7,  River  Township,  Clinton  County,  229;  to  divide  the  town  of  St. 
Clairsville,  Belmont  County,  into  two  school  districts,  240;  granting  to 
the  trustees,  etc.,  of  Greenfield  Seminary  authority  to  confer  degrees 
and  testimonials,  240 ;  authorizing  the  directors  of  School  District  No. 
13,  Jefferson  Township,  Fayette  County,  to  sell  a  school  lot,  246 ;  author- 
izing the  trustees  of  Coal  Township,  Knox  County,  to  redistrict  said 
township,  250;  authorizing  the  county  Auditor  of  Holmes  County  to 
levy  an  additional  tax  on  a  school  district  for  school-house  purposes, 
252;  amending  an  act  to  repeal  the  act  for  the  support,  etc.,  of  Common 
Schools  in  School  District  No.  1,  Ravenna  Township,  253 ;  an  act  for 
the  relief  of  John  D.  Burrell,  342. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    THE    INCORPORATION    OF    EDUCATIONAL    AND    LITERARY 

INSTITUTIONS. 

Mt.  Washington  Institute,  Hamilton  County,  236;  the  Oxford  Fe- 
male Institute  in  Oxford,  Butler  County,  238 ; ;  Miller  Academy,  241 ; 
Pomeroy  Academy,  243;  Ohio  Institute  of  Naitural  Sciences,  256;  Otter- 


Appendix  B.  263 

bein  University  of  Ohio,  257 ;  Judson  College,  Jefferson,  Harrison  County, 
259;  Farmmgton  College,  Trumbull  County,  261;  Springfield  Female 
Seminary,  Clark  County,  263 ;  Cincinnati  Medical  Institute,.  264 ;  Colum- 
bus Art  Union,  267;  (amendatory)  Eclectic  Medical  Institute  of  Cincin- 
nati, 268;  the  Ohio  Educational  Society  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church,  268 ;  The  Cadiz  High  School,  273 ;  Darke  County  Medical  School, 
275;  Mansfield  Female  Seminary,  Richland  County,  280;  Mt.  Pleasant 
Academy,  Kingstown,  Ross  County,  and  in  relation  to  Hillsborough 
Academy,  284. 

ACTS   CONCERNING  THE   SALE  AND  LEASING  OF  LANDS. 

Wood  County,  223;  Seneca  County,  228;  Hardin  County,  229;  An 
act  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  the  Western  Reserve  School  Lands,  232; 
Hancock  County,  233;  Wyandot  County,  234;  Champaign  County,  234; 
Preble  County,  235;  Wyandot  County,  235;  Wyandot  County,  237;  Har- 
rison County,  237;  Gallia  County,  238;  Jefferson  County,  240;  Williams 
County,  242;  Morrow  County,  242;  Seneca  County,  242;  Lucas  County, 
243;  Seneca  County,  244;  Clark  County,  245;. Wood  County,  245;  Wood 
County,  245;  Township  3,  Range  3,  E.  of  the  Meridian  drawn 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Miami  River,  247 ;  Miami  County,  247 ; 
Paulding  County,  248;  Hardin  County,  248;  Lawrence  County,  249; 
Wyandot  County,  249 ;  Muskingum  County,  250 ;  Monroe  County,  251  ; 
Warren  .  County,  251 ;  Stark  County,  251 ;  Meigs  County,  252 ;  Lucas 
County,  254 ;  Athens  County,  255 ;  Jefferson  County,  255 ;  Lucas  County, 
340;  Champaign  County,  341. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Trustee,  Miami  University,  384;  trustees,  Ohio  University,  386; 
trustee,  Ohio  University,  388;  agent,  Western  Reserve  School  Lands,  388; 
asking  Governor  to  examine  and  report  on  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and 
Blind  Asylums,  393;  appointing  a  committee  to  examine  and  report  on 
Miami  University,  398. 

VOL.  XLVIII. 
General. 

An  act  to  amend  the  act  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of 
Common  Schools  in  cities,  towns,  etc.,  40;  an  act  in  relation  to  School 
District  taxes,  providing  for  the  annual  school  district  meetings,  and 
requiring  maps  of  school  districts,  41;  an  act  for  the  appointment  of  a 
State  Board  of  Public  Instruction,  44;  an  act  supplementary  to  the  act 
for  the  appointment  of  a  State  Board  of  Public  Instruction,  47;  an  act 
to  carry  into  effect  an  act- entitled,  "An  act  to  provide  for  the  sale  of 
the  Western  Reserve  School  Lands",  53;  an  act  to  exempt  certain  stu- 
dents from  laboring  on  public  roads,  69;  an  act  making  appropriations 
for  1850  (various  educational  items),  93. 


264  Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 

Local. 

To  incorporate  School  District  No.  9  in  Liverpool  and  St.  Clair 
Townships,  Columbiana  County,  641 ;  to  incorporate  School  District  No. 
11,  in  the  Townships  of  Springfield  and  Beaver,  Mahonnrg  County, 
642;  to  authorize  the  directors  of  School  District  No.  4,  Delhi  Town- 
ship, Hamilton  County,  to  appropriate  certain  funds  for  building  pur- 
poses, 648 ;  extending  the  provisions  of  the  act  for  the.  better  regulation 
of  public  schools  in  cities,  towns,  etc.,  to  Union  School  District  No.  7, 
Springfield  and  Suffield  Townships,  Summit  and  Portage  Counties,  648; 
authorizing  the  trustees  of  Monroe  Township,  Knox  County,  to  re- 
district  said  township,  668;  an  act  amending  and  reviving  the  act  to  cre- 
ate permanently  the  office  of  Treasurer,  Township  No.  1,  Range  1,  White- 
water Township,  Hamilton  County,  663;  an  act  to  amend  the  act  to 
create  permanently  the  office  of  Treasurer,  Township  No.  1,  Range  1, 
Hamilton  County,  and  to  give  additional  powers  to  the  trustees  of 
School  Section  No.  16,  Greene  Township,  Hamilton  County,  670. 

ACTS    CONCERNING    THE    INCORPORATION    OF    EDUCATIONAL    AND    LITERARY 

INSTITUTIONS. 

Elliott  Female  Seminary  of  Monroe  County,  614;  Vinton  High 
School,  Gallia  County,  617;  Miller  Academy,  Washington,  Guernsey 
County,  618 ;  Capital  University,  619 ;  Cambridge  College,  621 ;  Geneva 
Hall,  Winfield,  Logan  County,  672;  Urbana  University,  624;  (amenda- 
tory) The  Charity  School  of  Kendall,  625;  Defiance  Female  Seminary, 
Defiance  County,  625 ;  Western  Reserve  Eclectic  Institute,  Portage  County, 
627;  Western  College  of  Homeopathic  Medicine,  629;  Tiffin  Academy, 
Seneca  County,  635 ;  (amendatory)  Oberlin  Collegiate  Institute.  632 ; 
Young  Men's  Catholic  Association  of  Cincinnati.  632 ;  Cincinnati  College 
of  Pharmacy,  632;  Western  Library  Institute,  635;  Xenia  Female  Acad- 
emy, 636;  Hartford  High  School,  638;  Soeurs  De  Notre  Dame  Female 
Educational  Institute  of  Chillicothe,  Ross  County,  639;  Mt.  Pleasant 
Philomathean,  Kingston,  Ross  County,  640 ;  Warren  Library  Associa- 
tion, 640. 

ACTS  CONCERNING  THE  SALE  AND  LEASING  OF  SCHOOL  LANDS. 

Belmont  County,  649;  Ohio  Company's  Purchase,  650. 

CITY  AND   TOWN   ACTS   CONCERNING    SCHOOLS. 

(Amendatory)  An  act  to  incorporate  the  town  of  Fulton  (Sec- 
tions ID  and  11),  373;  an  act  to  incorporate  the  town  of  Fremont,  San- 
dusky  County  (Section  5),  404;  an  act  to  incorporate  the  city  of  Piqua 
(Sections  25  to  30),  421;  an  act  to  incorporate  the  City  of  Springfield 
Sections  29  to  32),  446;  an  act  to  incorporate  the  City  of  Zanesville, 
Muskingum  County  (Sections  26  to  38),  473;  (amendatory)  for  the  sup- 


Appendix  B.  265 

port  and  better  regulation  of  Common  Schools  in  the  town  of  Lancas- 
ter, 647;  (repealing)  the  provisions  of  the  act  for  the  better  regulation 
of  schools  in  cities,  towns,  etc.,  for  the  town  of  Hanover,  Columbiana 
County,  648;  amending  an  act  for  the  support  and  better  regulation  of 
Common  Schools  in  the  town  of  Akron,  650;  authorizing  the  citizens 
of  Wooster  to  vote  for  or  against  adopting  the  Akron  Act,  651 ;  ex- 
empting the  town  of  Mt.  Vernon  from  the  provisions  of  the  Akron 
School  Law,  662;  authorizing  the  appointment  of  a  Superintendent  of 
Common  Schools  in  the  City  of  Cincinnati,  and  for  other  purposes,  662; 
extending  the  powers  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  town  of  Put- 
nam, Muskingum  County,  667;  authorizing  the  Board  of  Education  in 
the  town  of  Cambridge,  Guernsey  County,  to  levy  a  school  building  tax, 
695. 

Resolutions  Concerning: 

Certain  school  lands  in  Lucas  and  Williams  Counties,  728;  appoint- 
ing a  committee  to  examine  and  report  on  the  school  system  of  this 
state,  728;  trustees,  Charity  School  of  Kendall,  729;  trustees,  Miami 
University,  729;  trustees,  Neville  Institute,  730;  trustees,  Medical  College 
of  Ohio,  730;  two  deaf  and  dumb  students,  742;  a  certain  blind  student, 
742;  forwarding  school  laws  to  Greene  County,  743;  forwarding  school 
laws  to  Ashland  County,  746. 


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Acts  of  a  general  nature,  passed  by  the  Thirty-Third  General  As- 
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Acts  passed  at  the  Second  Session  of  the  Thirty-Third  General  As- 
sembly, Vol.  XXXIII,  Columbus,'J.  B.  Gardner,  1835. 

Acts  o.f  a  general  nature  gassed  at  the  First  Session  of  the  Thirty- 
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Acts  of  a  local  nature  passed  at  the  First  Session  of  the  Thirty- 
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Acts  of  a  general  nature  passed  at  the  First  Session  of  the  Thirty- 
Fifth  General  Assembly,  Vol.  XXXV,  S.  S.  Dolbee,  printer  to  the  state, 
1837. 

Acts  of  a  local  nature  passed  by  the  First  Session  of  the  Thirty- 
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Acts  of  a  general  nature  passed  by  the  Thirty-Sixth  General  As- 
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Acts  of  a  general  nature  passed  by  the  Thirty-Eighth  General  As- 
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Acts  of  a  general  nature  passed  by  the  Thirty-Ninth  General  As- 
sembly, Vol.  XXXIX,  Samuel  Medary,  printer  to  the  state,  1841. 

Acts  of  a  local  nature  passed  by  the  Thirty-Ninth  General  As- 
sembly, Vol.  XXXIX,  Samuel  Medary,  printer  to  the  state,  1841. 

Acts  of  a  general  nature  passed  by  the  Fortieth  General  Assembly, 
Vol.  XL,  Samuel  Medary,  state  printer,  1842. 

Acts  of  a  local  nature  passed  by  the  Fortieth  General  Assembly, 
Vol.  XL,  Samuel  Medary,  state  printer,  1842. 

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General  Assembly,  Vol.  XL,  Samuel  Medary,  state  printer,  1842,  (re- 
printed in  fac  simile  by  Statute  Law  Book  Company,  Washington,  1896). 

Acts  of  a  general  nature  passed  by  the  Forty-First  General  As- 
sembly, Vol.  XLI,  Columbus,  Samued  Medary,  1843. 

Acts  of  a  local  nature  passed  by  the  Forty-First  General  Assembly, 
Vol.  XLI,  Columbus,  Samuel  Medary,  1843. 

Acts  of  a  general  nature  passed  by  the  Forty-Second  General  As- 
sembly, Vol.  XLII,  Columbus,  Samuel  Medary,  1844. 

Acts  of  a  local  nature  passed  by  the  Forty-Second  General  As- 
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Acts  of  a  general  nature  passed  by  the  Forty-Third  General  As- 
sembly, Vol.  XLIII,  Columbus,  Samuel  Medary,  1845. 

Acts  of  a  local  nature  passed  by  the  Forty-Third  General  As- 
sembly, V©1.  XLIII,  Columbus,  Samuel  Medary,  1845. 

Acts  of  a  general  nature  passed  by  the  Forty-Fourth  General  As- 
sembly, Vol.  XLIV,  C.  C.  Scott  and  Company,  printers,  Columbus,  1846. 

Acts  of  a  local  nature  passed  by  the  Forty-Fourth  General  As- 
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Acts  of  a  general  nature  passed  by  the  Forty-Fifth  General  As- 
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Acts  of  a  general  nature  passed  by  the  Forty-Sixth  General  As- 
sembly, Columbus,  Vol.  XLVI,  Charles  Scott  Steam  Press,  1848. 

Acts  of  a  local  nature  passed  by  the  Forty-Sixth  General  Assembly, 
Columbus,  Vol.  XLVI,  Charles  Scott  Steam  Press,  1848. 

Acts  of  a  general  nature  passed  by  the  Forty-Seventh  General  As- 
sembly, Columbus,  Vol.  XLVII,  Charles  Scott,  state  printer,  1849. 

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sembly, Vol.  XLVIII,  Columbus,  Scott  and  Bascom,  1850. 

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sembly, Vol.  XLVIII,  Columbus,  Scott  and  Bascom,  1850. 

Third  Annual  Report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Common  Schools, 
by  Samuel  Lewis,  Columbus,  Samuel  Medary,  printer  to  the  state,  1839. 

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printer,  Columbus,  1836. 

Ohio  Documents,  36th  General  Assembly,  Samuel  Medary,  state 
printer,  Columbus,  1837. 

Ohio  Documents,  37th  General  Assembly,  Samuel  Medary,  state 
printer,  Columbus,  1838. 

Ohio  Documents,  38th  General  Assembly,  Samuel  Medary,  state 
printer,  Columbus,  1840. 

United  States  Census  Reports. 

United  States  Statutes  at  Large. 

United  States  Statistics,   1911. 

Ohio  Statistics,  Columbus,  The  Westbote  Co.,  state  printers,  1885. 

A  Compilation  of  Laws,  Treaties  and  Ordinances  which  relate  to 
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SECONDARY    SOURCES. 

Atwater,  Caleb,  A  History  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  Cincinnati,  Glezen 
and  Shepherd,  1838. 

Blackmar,  Frank  Wilson,  The  History  of  State  and  Federal  Aid  to 
Higher  Education  in  the  United  States.  Washington.  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office,  1890. 

Brownell,  F.  C.,  Barnard's  American  Journal  of  Education.  Vol.  V. 
Hartford,  Conn.,  1858. 

Burns,  J.  J.,  Educational  History  of  Ohio.     Columbus,  1905. 

Chaddock,  Robert  E.,  A  Study  of  the  Early  Influence  of  Pennsylvania 
and  Southern  Populations  in  Ohio.  New  York,  1908. 

Cist,  Charles,  Cincinnati  in  1841,  —  Its  Early  Annals  and  Future  Pros- 
pects. Cincinnati,  1841. 

Cutler,  Julia  Perkins,  Life  and  Times  of  Ephraim  Cutler.  Cincinnati,. 
Robert  Clarke  &  Co.,  1890. 

Donaldson,  T.,  The  Public  Domain.  Washington.  Government  Printing 
Office,  1881. 

Hinsdale,  Ann,  History  of  the  Ohio  School  System.  Report  of  the 
Commissioner  of  Education,  Washington,  1901,  Vol.  I. 

Hinsdale,  B.  A.,  Documents  illustrative  of  American  Educational  His- 
tory. Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education,  Washington,  1892- 
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MacCoun,  1891. 

Howe,  Howe's  Historical  Collections  of  Ohio.  Cincinnati,  C.  J.  Krehbiel 
&  Co.,  1907. 

King,  Rufus,  Ohio.  American  Commonwealth  Series.  Boston  and  New 
York,  1888. 

Knight,  G.  W.,  History  and  Management  of  land  grants  for  education 
in  the  North  West  Territory.  Papers  of  the  American  Historical 
Association,  1884.  Vol.  I,  1-175. 

Lewis,  Win.  G.  W.,  Biography  of  Samuel  Lewis.  Cincinnati,  Methodist 
Book  Concern,  1887. 

Orth,  Samuel  P.,  The  Centralization  of  Administration  in  Ohio.  Co- 
lumbia Studies  in  History,  Economics  and  Public  Law.  Vol.  16, 
No.  3.  New  York,  1903. 

Randall  and  Ryan,  History  of  Ohio.  Century  History  Co.,  New  York, 
1912. 

Ryan,  Daniel  J.,  A  History  of  Ohio.     Columbus,  1888. 

Rice,  V.  M.,  Special  Report  on  the  Present  State  of  Education.  Wash- 
ington, 1867. 

Slocum,  Charles  E.,  The  Ohio  Country.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  New 
York,  1910. 

Swift,  Fletcher  Harper,  A.  History  of  JPublic  Permanent  School  Funds 
in  the  United  States,  1795-1905.  H.  H.  Holt  &  Co.,  New  York,  1911. 

Taylor,  James  B.,  A  Manual  of  the  Ohio  School  System.  Cincinnati,  H. 
W.  Derby,  1857. 

Venable,  W.  H.,  Beginnings  of  Literary  Culture  in  the  Ohio  Valley. 
Cincinnati,  Robert  Clarke  &  Co.,  1891. 

Whittlesey,  Charles,  Ohio  Surveys.  Western  Reserve  Historical  Society 
Tracts,  Vol.  II.  Tracts  37-72.  Tract  59.  Cleveland,  1888. 

Whittlesey,  Charles,  Surveys  of  the  Public  Land  in  Ohio.    Do.    Tract  61. 

Historical  Sketches  of  the  Ohio  Educational  Institutions  and  also  of 
Benevolent  and  Reformatory  Institutions  of  Ohio,  1876.  (Cen- 
tennial Volume). 

Historical  Sketches  of  Public  Schools  in  Cities,  Villages  and  Townships 
of  the  State  of  Ohio,  1876.  (Do). 

The  Freeman's  Almanac.  Maxims  and  Advice  of  Solomon  Thrifty. 
Cincinnati,  Oliver  Farnsworth  &  Co.,  1823. 

The  Western  Academician.  Edited  by  John  W.  Pickett.  Cincinnati, 
James  R.  Allbach,  1837-8. 

Transactions  of  the  Western  Literary  Institute  and  College  of  Profes- 
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tistics, 1885,  pp.  22-29. 


INDEX. 


A. 

Academical  Institute   of   Richfield,  99,  159. 

Academic    Pioneer,    130. 

Academy    of   Alma.     See    Alma   Academy. 

Academy  of  Perry  County,  97. 

Academy  of  Sylvania,  99,  160. 

Adams,   8. 

Addison   Library  Association,  204. 

Adelphic     Society     of     Western     Reserve 

College,  210. 

Agricultural   Schools,  113. 
Airington  Lyceum,  208. 
Akron,  60,  139;  schools  of,  64-68. 
Akron  Act,  24,  60,  145,  149. 
Akron   High   School,  99,   162. 
Akron  Institute,   101,   168. 
Akron    Lyceum    and    Library    Association 

Company,  202. 
Alma  Academy,  97,  155. 
Alexander,   John    E.,    169. 
Alexandria  Literary  Society,  208. 
Alpha  Kappa  Society  of  Marietta  College, 

210. 

Allan,  Nehemiah,  182. 

American   Lyceum   of   Education,  131,  197. 
American    Revolution,    74. 
American    Western    L'niversity,    174.     See 

also   Ohio    University. 
Ames,   134. 

Anderson,    Joseph,    155. 
Andover,    202. 
Andrews,   Ebenezer,  157. 
Andrews,   John,   1C6. 
Antrim,  161. 
Apprentices,  196. 
Armstrong,  Harrison,  168. 
Asbury    Seminary,   100,   164. 
Ashland  Academy,  100,  164. 
Ashland  County,  193. 
Ashtabula  Academy,  97,  157. 
Ashtabula    County,    157,    159,   198,   200,   201, 

202,   204,   205. 

Ashtabula    Institute    of    Science    and    In- 
dustry,   97,    104,    157. 

Ashtabula   Social  Library  Association,  201. 
Associated    Reform    Synod    of    the    West, 

184. 


Athenaeums,   136,  207,  2»8. 

Athenian   Library   Society,  204. 

Athenian  Literary  Society  of  Ohio  Uni- 
versity, 209. 

Athens,   107,   175,   179. 

Athens  County,  200,  201,  203. 

Athens  Female  Academy,   100,.  166. 

Athens   Library    Society,   201. 

Atwater,  Caleb,  14,  16,  83,  135. 

Atwood,  Jonathan,  181. 

Auglaize   Seminary,    100,   165. 

Aurora,  201. 

Aurora  Academical  Institute,  101,  168. 

Austinburg  Social  Library  Association, 
201. 


B. 


Badger   Library   Society,  205. 

Baker,   Timothy,   155-156. 

Baldwin    Institute,    101,    169. 

Baptist  Church,  102,  184. 

Baptist    Literary    and    Collegiate   Institute 

of  Huron  County,  117,  183. 
Barber,  Josiah,  16. 
Barger,   Jacob,    189. 
Barlow   Library    Society,   200. 
Barnard,  Henry  D.,  36. 
Barnesville   Male   Academy,   100,   164-165. 
Bartley,    Mordecai,   132,   133    (note),   169. 
Bartholomew,    Moses,    188. 
Bascom  Seminary  of  Waynesborough,  100, 

165. 

Batavia   Mechanics'    Institute,   209. 
Bath   High   School,   100,  166. 
Bear   baiting,  146. 
Reaver   Lyceum,   208. 
Beckwith,   Asa,  173. 
Bedford   Institute,   208. 
Bedford   Library    Company,    203. 
Bedford   Seminary,   101,  167-168. 
Beecher,  Lyman,  130,  197. 
Beecher,  P.,  155. 
Beecher,    William    H.,   160. 
Belden,  Clifford,  160. 
Bell,  James,   16. 
Bellefontaine,   117.   187. 
Bellefontaine    College,    117,    187. 


(273) 


274 


Ohio   Arch,   and  Hist-.  Society  Publications. 


Bellville,   208. 

Bellville   Library   Company,   203. 

Eelmont   Academy,   97,    156. 

Belmont   County,   156,   164. 

Belpre,   134. 

Belpre  Farmers'   Library,  134. 

Bennett,   Sanford   F.,   163. 

Berdan,  John,  159. 

Berea  Seminary,  99,  161. 

Berkshire,  198,  201. 

Berkshire  Education   Society,  102,  173. 

Berlin  Union   Society,  208. 

Beverly,  186. 

Beverly   College,  117,  186. 

Bigelow  High   School,   100,   164. 

Bingham,   Luther   G.,   181. 

Bishop,   Samuel  G.,  159. 

Bishop,   William,   164. 

Bishop's    Fraternal    Calvinistic    Seminary, 

99,   104,   159-160. 
Blackett,  James,  162. 
Bledsoe,   Elbert  T.,   168. 
Blendon  Library   Society,  203. 
Blendon     Young     Men's     Seminary,     10), 

164. 

Blind,   Education  of,   123-126,  195. 
Blocksom,  Fisher  A.,  166. 
Bloomfield  Social  Library  Society,  199. 
Boardman   Library    Society,   198. 
Board  of   Education,   62;   duties  of,  65,  66, 

67. 

Board   of  Examiners,   36,   132. 
Board  of  Managers,  62. 
Board  of  Trustees,  94. 
Boston,   Mass.,  134. 
Bottum,  William,  168. 
Braceville   Library   Company,   203. 
Brecksville    Academical    Association,    102, 

172. 
Brecksville     Columbian     Library     Society, 

•200. 

Briggs,  Thomas,  160. 
Brighton,   166. 
Bronson,   Samuel   L.,  167. 
Brookfield  Social  Library  Society,  199. 
Brooklyn   Center  Academy,   100,  165. 
Brooklyn   Library  Company,  203. 
Brooklyn  Lyceum,  2C8. 
Brooks,   Boswell,   165. 
Brough,  John,  91,  141. 
Brown,  Hardin,   171. 
Brown,  Henry,  182. 
Brown,    Richard,   161,   165. 
Brown,   Samuel,  134-135. 
Brown  County,  112,  180,  181. 
Brownsville,  Pa.,  79. 
Brunswick,   159. 


Bryan,   Judge,   <H. 

Bryan,   A.   M.,  186. 

Buffalo   Library   Society,   199. 

Bull  baiting,  146. 

Burlington   Academy,   100,   166. 

Burlington  Library   Association,  204. 

Burnham,  James,  169. 

Burrell,  Robins,  161. 

Burrett,  Jacob,   178. 

Burton,  96,   198. 

Butler  County,  166,  1(5!),  134,  199,  200,  201, 
•20-2,  204. 

C. 

Cable,  Joseph,  168. 

Cadiz    Academy,   97,   I";."). 

Cadiz  High   School,   101,  170. 

Caldwell,   James,   15(1. 

Caldwell,    Samuel    B.,   163. 

Callioj»ean  Society  of  the  Granville  Lite- 
rary and  Theological  Institute,  209, 
210. 

Calvinistic    denomination,    160. 

Cambridge   Academy,  99,   162. 

Cambridge   College,    117,   119. 

Campbell,  Alexander,  177. 

Canaan   Union   Academy,   100,   166. 

Canada  thistles,  147. 

Canal   Dover   Lyceum,   20S. 

Canal   Fund,  109,  176. 

Canton,   19,   171 ;   population  of,  59. 

Canton   Academy,  97,   157. 

Canton    Male    Seminary,    100,    166. 

Capital   Library   Society,   201. 

Capital    University,   106,   118,   190. 

Carey,  John,  167. 

Carlir.le,  2C5. 

Carpenter,   E.   G.,  166. 

Carr,   Henry,   159. 

Carroll  County,  Til.  163,  17-2,  2^6. 

Cass,   2r5. 

Catholic   Church,   102. 

Catholics,  127. 

Central   College   of   Ohio,   117,    184. 

Chagrin   Falls,   164,   172,   205. 

Chagrin  Falls  Mechanics'  Library  Asso- 
ciation, 205. 

Chalfert,  Robert,   M9. 

Champeon    Library    Association,    205. 

Champaign   County,  204. 

Charity    School    of    Kendall,   127,   150. 

Chase,   Philander,  112.   178,  179. 

Chase,   Salmon   P..  207. 

Cheney,   Charles,  188. 

Chester,  173. 

Chester  Academy.  99,   163. 

Chester  Library  Association,  200. 

Childs,  Jonas,   IC5. 


Index. 


275 


Chillicothe,  96,   171. 

Chillicothe  Academy,  97,  154. 

Chillicothe    Female    Seminary,   97,   157. 

Chillicothe  Lyceum  and  Mechanics'  In- 
stitute, 207. 

Christmas,   William,   157. 

Cincinnati,  9,  18,  19,  60,  67,  83,  114,  116, 
127,  128,  129,  136,  137,  139,  148,  156, 
171,  176,  178,  180,  184,  186,  187,  191, 
192,  193,  197,  203;  206,  210,  211; 
schools  of,  60-61;  population  of,  58, 
59. 

Cincinnati  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  137, 
210. 

Cincinnati  Astronomical  Society,  137. 

Cincinnati  Classical  Academy,  101,  168. 
See  also  St.  John's  College. 

Cincinnati  College,  116,  178,  194. 

Cincinnati   College  of  Pharmacy,  194. 

Cincinnati    Lancaster   Academy,    97,   154. 

Cincinnati   Law  Library,   202. 

Cincinnati   Literary  Society,  207. 

Cincinnati   Lyceum,  207. 

Cincinnati   Medical   Academy,   116,   192. 

Cincinnati    Medical   Institute,   193. 

Cincinnati  New  Jerusalem  Church  School 
Association,  102,  173. 

Cincinnati  Philosophical  Library  Asso- 
ciation, 205. 

Cincinnati  plan,  62,  63. 

Cincinnati    University,    178. 

Cincinnati,  Woodward  High  School  of. 
See  Woodward  High  School. 

City  of  Ohio,  Schools  of,  62. 

City  schools,  Laws  concerning,  148-149. 

Circleville  Academy,  97,  156. 

Circleville  Athenaeum,  207. 

Circleville   Female   Academy,  99,   159. 

Circulating  Library  Company  of  Cincin- 
nati, 198. 

Clark  County,  158,  170,  185,   206. 

Clarksfield   Library  Society,   201. 

Clermont  County,  149,  169,  171,  200. 

Cleveland,  19,  60,  127,  137.  139,  148,  180; 
population  of.  59;  schools  of,  62. 

Cleveland  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 
137,  211. 

Cleveland   Female   Orphan   Asylum,   197. 

Cleveland    Female   Seminary,  99,  162. 

Cleveland   Library   Association,  201,   206. 

Cleveland  Lyceum,  207. 

Cleves,  160. 

Cleves  Independent   School.  99,  161. 

Cochran,   Robert,  167,   168. 

Cock   fighting.   HO. 

College  of  Al-na,  117,  179.  See  al?o 
Franklin  College. 


College   of   Dental   Surgery,   193. 

College  of  Ripley,  117.  See  also  Ripley 
College. 

College  of  Teachers,  18. 

College  societies,  136,  209-210. 

College   townships,   107,   110. 

Collins,   Rev.  John,  16. 

Colored  children,  orphan  asylums  for, 
197;  schools  for,  57-58,  145. 

Columbia  Library   Society,  199. 

Columbian  Association  of  Cincinnati,  211. 

Columbiana  County,  161,  166,  169,  199. 

Columbus,  19,  36,  60,  121,  127,  135,  137,  149, 
183,  193,  194,  201;  population  of,  58, 
59;  schools  of  63. 

Columbus  Academical  and  Collegiate  In- 
stitute, 101,  168. 

Columbus   Art   Union,    137,    211. 

Columbus   Female   Academy,   97,   156. 

Columbus  Female  Benevolent  Society, 
197. 

Columbus  Literary  and  Scientific  Insti- 
tute, 208. 

Columbus  Literary  Lyceum,  208. 

Columbus  Presbytery,  172;  trustees  of, 
102. 

Commercial  Hospital  and  Lunatic  Asy- 
lum, 191. 

Committee  on  Corporations,  206. 

Common  Council,  Duties  of,  65, 

Common  School  Fund,  187. 

Congress,  75,  76,  77,  85,  87,  110,  112,  121, 
122. 

Congress  Lands,  16,  72,  73,  74. 

Conneaut  Academy,  99,  159. 

Conneaut  Lyceum,  208. 

Connecticut,  76. 

Connecticut  Western  Reserve,  16,  151. 
See  also  Western  Reserve. 

Converse,  J.  P.,  164. 

Coon-skin  Library,  134. 

Cooper   Female   Academy,   101,  168. 

Corwin,  Thomas,  167. 

Corwin  Literary  Institute,  209. 

Coshocton  County,  167,  202,  206. 

Cottage  Hills  Academy,  101,  168. 

County  auditor,  the  county  superint°nd- 
ent,  20. 

County    superintendent,    51. 

County   treasurer,    80. 

Court  of  Common  Pleas,  54,  55,  81,  84. 
120,  194. 

Cowles,  Giles,  157. 

Cressy,  Mary,  197. 

Cumberland    Presbyterian    Church,    18fi. 

Curtis,   Homer,   158. 

Cutler,  Ephraim,  14,  16,  17.  18,  23. 


276 


Ohio   Arch,   and  Hist.   Society   Publications. 


Cutler,   Manasseh,   13,   14,   135. 
Cuyahoga    County,    160,    161,    167,    172, 

199,    200,    201,    203,   205 
Cuyahoga   Falls   Institute,   100,   165. 
Cuyahoga   Falls  Lyceum,  208. 


D. 


.Dane    Law    Library,    201. 

Darby  Creek  Lyceum  and  Library  As- 
sociation, 203. 

Darke   County,   201. 

Darke  County  Library  Society,  201. 

Darke    County    Medical    Society,   193. 

Darrowtown  Library   Company,   202. 

Dart,  Ashbel,  159. 

Davis,   Louis,  189. 

Dayton,  58,  60,  90,  127,  148;  population  of, 
59;  schools  of,  63. 

Dayton   Academy,   97,   154. 

Dayton    Female    Association,    197. 

Dayton   Library,   199. 

Dayton   Library   Association,  198. 

Dayton  Library   Society,   134. 

Dayton    Mechanics'    Institute,   209. 

Deaf  and  dumb,  Education  of,  120-123, 
194-195. 

Deaf  and   Dumb   S«hool,  120,  125. 

Defectives,    Education    of,   120-126,    194-196. 

Defiance    County,   170. 

Defiance    Female    Seminary,   101,    170. 

Defiance  Literary  Lyceum,  208. 

Delaware,    185. 

Delaware  County,  173,  198,  200,  201,  202, 
203. 

Delaware  Academy,  97,   157. 

Delaware   Library   Association,   202. 

Delinquents,    Education    of.    127-128,    197. 

Denison   University,   106,   181-182. 

Denominational    influence,    102-103,    112-113. 

Dependents,   Education   of,   126,   196-197. 

Dewey,    Jonathan,    170. 

District   of    Cincinnati,    176,    177. 

Doan,    Guy   W.,   159. 

Doctor   of   Medicine,    Degree   of,   114,   191. 

Donaldson,  T.,  13. 

Donaldsville    Library   Association,    206. 

Donnelsville   Library   Association,   205. 

Dover   Academy,   100,   163. 

Dover   Library    Association,    201,   205. 

Dresden   Library   Association,   200. 

Dudley   Medical   University,   193. 


Earl,   Thomas,   167. 
Eaton   Academy,  99.  163. 


Eaton   Library   Society,   1!>8. 

Eaton   Medical   Society,  192. 

Eclectic  Academy  of  Music  in  Cincinnati, 
i:j7,  210. 

Eclectic   Institute,   193. 

Eddy,    Ira,   162. 

Eden    Library    Association,    202. 

Eden   Social   Library,   202. 

Edgartown,    Mass.,   14. 

Edinburgh  Academy,  99,  100,  162,  166. 

Edinburg   College,   118. 

Education,    Secondary,   93-105. 

Educational   interest,   138. 

Educational    policy,    138. 

Education  Society  of  Painesville,  102,  172. 

Elbert,   Henry,   171. 

Eldridge   Library   Association,  199. 

Elizabethtown  Circulating  Library  So- 
ciety, 204. 

Elizabeth   Social   Library  Society,  199. 

Elliot,    Hugh,   170. 

Elliot  Female   Seminary,   101,   170. 

Ellsworth,    168. 

Elsberry,    William,    164. 

Ely,   Heman,   156. 

Elyria,    156,   2C5. 

Elyria  High   School,  95,  97. 

Elyria   Lyceum,    207. 

Enabling  act,   150. 

English  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod,  187, 
188. 

English  Lutheran  Theological  and  Col- 
legiate Institute  of  Wooster,  117, 
187. 

Erie   Literary   Society,  96,  97,  154. 

Erodelphian    Society    of   Gallipolis,    208. 

Erodelphian  Society  of  Miami  University, 
136. 

Euclid  Library  Society,  198. 

European    schools,    144. 

Evangelical   Lutheran   Church,  190. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  Joint  Synod,  18&. 

Evening  schools,  61. 

Everhart,  Jacob,  172. 

Examinations,   55. 

Examiners,   54,    55. 

Eyles.   William,  159. 


Fairfield   County,   202. 
Fairfield   Library   Association,   204. 
Falmouth,    Mass.,    15. 
Farewell,   Robert,    Ifi7. 
Farmers'   and   Mechanics'   Institute.   209. 
Farmers'    and    Mechanics'    Library    Asso- 
ciation,  in   Aurora,  201. 


Index. 


277 


Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Library  Asso- 
ciation of  West  Lodi,  206. 

Farmers'  and  Mechanics'  Library  Society 
of  Berkshire,  101. 

Farmers'  College,  113,  117,  188. 

Farmers'   Library   Company,  201. 

Farmington,    132. 

Farmington   Academy,   97,   157. 

Farmington   Normal    School,    132. 

Fayette   County,   199. 

Fearing  Library   Society,  198. 

Federal  Creek,  134. 

Federal  Government,  69,   74. 

Felicity  Female   Seminary,   101,  169. 

Fellenberg,  104. 

Fellenburgh   Institute,  99,   104,  159. 

Female  Academy  of  Mt.  Vernon,  97, 
1-38. 

Findlay   Academical   Institute,    101,   168. 

Findlay   Literary   Lyceum,  208. 

Fines  for  school   purposes,  47-50,  53,  146. 

First  Mechanics'  Lyceum  of  Marietta,  209. 

First  Moral   Library  Association,  205. 

First  Universalian  Religious  Library  So- 
ciety of  Harmar,  204. 

Fitchville  Library  Association,  202. 

Florence   Academy,   97,   l.V>. 

Foote,  John  P.,  130. 

Fordyce,   John.   190. 

Forrer,  Samuel,  KiS. 

Ft.   Meigs  University,   117,  187. 

Frampton,   Elijah,   166. 

Franklin  Academy,  97,  100,  167. 

Franklin   College,   112,   117,   179,   209. 

Franklin    County,    203. 

Franklin  Library  Association,  202,  204, 
205,  208. 

Franklin  Library*  Company  of  Little 
Sandy,  199. 

Franklin  Library  Society  of  Waterford, 
205. 

Franklin  Literary  Society  of  Bellville, 
208. 

Franklin  Scientific  and  Rhetorical  So- 
ciety of  Western  Reserve  College, 
2(10. 

Franklin    Society    of   Granville,   20f>. 

Fraternities,   209-210. 

Frederickstown    Library    Society,   199,    200. 

Fredonia  Social  Library,  204. 

Free  Discussion   Library   of  Andover,  202. 

Free  Grammar  School.  See  Woodward 
High  School  of  Cincinnati. 

Freeman's   Almanac,   15. 

Free  Will   Baptists,   102,   173. 

French,  10. 

Friends,  165.     See  also  Quakers. 


Fuller,  Jeremiah  H.,  156. 
Fullerton,  Hugh  S.,  167. 
Fulton,  149,  209. 

G. 

Gallia  Academy,  97,  154. 

Gallia   County,   158,   170. 

Gallipolis,  10,  154. 

Gallipolis   Lyceum,  208. 

Gambling,   147. 

Gano,  J.  S.,  178. 

Gates,  Philo,  166. 

Geauga  Co.,  163,  164,  172,  198,  200,  202, 
204. 

General  Assembly,  51,  69,  74,  107,  112,  115, 
121,  125,  129,  130,  138,  179,  194,  195, 
206. 

General  Library  Association  of  Cincin- 
nati, 206. 

Geneva  Hall,  117. 

George,  Thomas,  158. 

German  Catholic  Library  Association,  2C6. 

Germania  College,  117,  185,  186. 

German  Lutheran  Church,  102. 

German  Lutheran  Seminary  of  the  Ger- 
man Lutheran  Synod  of  Ohio,  102, 
172. 

German  Lutheran  Synod,  102,  172. 

German   Reform   Church,  183. 

German  Reform  Synod  of  Ohio,  117. 

German  Reform  Theological  Seminary, 
183. 

Germans,  10,  11. 

German  schools,  61. 

Gillett,   Isaac,  172. 

Giltruth,   James,   161. 

Goode,    Burrell,    167. 

Gorman,   Isaac  M.,   172. 

Goshen    School   Association,   102,    171. 

Governor,  88,  115,  121,  205;  duties  of, 
78,  80. 

Grammar   School,   65,   66. 

Grand    River   Institute,   104,   157. 

Granger  Library  Association,  204. 

Granv;lle,   198. 

Granville   Academy,   99,  160. 

Granvill'  Alexandrian  Society,  198,  205, 
206. 

Granville   College,   The,   182,   210. 

Granville    Female    Seminary,   99.    159. 

Granville   Library,  200. 

Granville  Literary  and  Theological  In- 
stitution, 181,  209.  See  also  Denison 
University. 

Granville  Religious  and  Literary  Society. 
117. 


278 


Ohio  Arch,   and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 


Greek  letter  societies,  136. 

Greene,  200.  .   ,   . 

Greene   County,   200. 

Greene   Township,   209. 

Greenfield   Institute,   100,   165. 

Greenville  Library  Association,  203. 

Greenville  Treaty  Line,   77. 

Griswold,  Ezra,  157. 

Guardians,   194. 

Guernsey  County,  161,  162,  199. 

Guernsey    County    Library    and     Reading 

Room,  201. 

Guilford,  Nathan,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18,  130. 
Guilford   Lyceum,   207. 
Gustavus   Academy,   100,   166. 
Gustavus  Centre  Library  Company,  202. 

H. 

Hackett,  George,  189. 

Halleck,  John  K.,  164. 

Halliday,   Samuel,  165. 

Hamilton,   John,  188. 

Hamilton  and  Rossville  Female  Academy, 
99,  159. 

Hamilton  and  Rossville  Library  Society, 
201. 

Hamilton  County,  113,  154,  161,  180,  188, 
189,  192,  195,  199,  200,  204,  205, 
209. 

Hancock   County,   168. 

Handel  Society  of  Western  Reserve  Col- 
lege, 210. 

Hanover,    149. 

Hanover    Social    Library    Association,    203. 

Harkwell,   Joshua,  173. 

Harlem,   206. 

Harmar  Lyceum,  208. 

Harmony  Library  Company,  202. 

Harmony  Library   Society,  199. 

Harper,   James  A.,   171. 

Harpersfield,  171,  198. 

Harris,  Thaddeus,  135. 

Harrison   County,  112,  155,   179,   180,   188. 

Harrisville   Library    Association,   201. 

Harrodsburgh,  Kentucky,  130. 

Hartford  High  School,  101,  171. 

Hartford  Library   Society,  200. 

Harveysburgh  High  School  Company,  102, 
173. 

Haskell,  C.  N.,  169. 

Havriss,    Luther,    155. 

Hayden,  Daniel,  154. 

Hayes,   Seth,  171. 

Hawley,  Timothy,  171. 

Hedges,  Elizur,  159. 

Higher  education,  106-119,  141;  state  in- 
fluence on,  107. 


Higher   Institutions,   Acts  concerning,   174- 

191. 

High    Falls   Primary   Institute,    102,   172. 
Highland   County,   156. 
Highland   Library  Association,   203. 
High   School  of  Elyria,   156. 
Hill,  John   A.,   171. 
Hillsboro,   167. 

Hillsborough    Academy,    97,    15(i. 
Hinckley    Social    Library    Company,   202. 
Hinckley    Township,    202. 
Hiram  College,  106. 
Historical     and     Philosophical    Society    of 

Ohio,    137,    210. 

Historical    Society   of   Ohio,   137,   210. 
Hitchcock,  H.   L.,  184. 
Hoge,   James,    16,   156. 
Holcomb,   Samuel   W.,  158. 
Holly,  E.  H.,  167. 
Hoover,  Isaac,  164. 
Hopewell   Library   Company,   203. 
Horse  racing,  146. 
House   of   Correction,   197. 
Houston,   Andrew,   156. 
Howe,  S.  G.,  123,  124,  190. 
Howell,   Andrew,   155. 
Hoyle,  John   Benjamin.   165. 
Hubbard,   Matthew,  157. 
Hubbard   Library   Company,   199. 
Hubbell,  H.  M.,  168. 
Hudson,  David,  154. 
Hudson  Township,  180. 
Hughing,   J.,   168. 
Hunt,  John  E.,  166. 
Hunterian     Society,    Medical    Department 

Western  Reserve  College,  210. 
Huron    County,   155-156,    163,    183,    184,   199, 

200,    201,    202.    203,    204. 
Huron  Institute,  97,  157. 

I. 

Indian   boundary   line,   77. 
Indians,    Christian,    76. 
Indian  title,  85   (note). 
Institute  of  Lower   Sandusky,  209. 
Institutes,    136. 

J. 

Jackson,  John  E.,  165,  168. 
Jackson,  Joseph,  189. 
Jamestown  Literary  Society,  208. 
Jefferson,    Thomas,    8. 
Jefferson,  188. 
Jefferson  County,  158,  195. 
Jefferson   Library   Association,   205. 
Jefferson     Literary     Society    of    Franklin 

College,  209. 
Jefferson    School   Association,   101,   171. 


Index. 


279 


Jefferson   Township,   205. 
Johnson,  James,   170. 
Johnston,   J.    B.,    190. 
Johnstown   Lyceum,  208. 
Judson  College,  117,  188-189. 

K. 

Kalida    Lyceum  and    Library   Association, 

204. 

Keene  Academy,  101,  167. 
Keil,  William  Godfrey,  187. 
Kendall,  127,  150,  199. 
Kenyon    College,    106,    112,    117,    136,    179, 

209. 

Keys,    William,    156. 
Kirkbridge,    David,   173. 
Kilbourne,  James,  177. 
Kilburne,   James,  154. 
Killingly,  Conn.,  14. 
Kingstown  Township,  209. 
Kingsville   High    School,   159. 
Kinsman,  John,  166. 
Kinsman   Academy.   97,   157,   166. 
Kleeman,    Ives,    174. 
Knox  -County,   164,   199,  205. 


Lafayette    University,    117,    185. 

Lagrange    Library   Association,   202. 

Lake   County,  198. 

Lancaster   Academy,   97,    155. 

Lancaster   Harmonic    Society,   137,   210. 

Lancaster   Library   Association,  202. 

Land   Ordinance  of  1785,   73-74. 

Lane   Seminary,   106.   117. 

Lapham,   Jonathan,  166. 

Latimer,   Picket,  103. 

Law  of  1838,  63. 

Lawrence   County,   166,   204. 

Leasing    school    lands,    150,    151. 

Lebanon,  209. 

Lebanon   Academy.  100,   166,   167. 

Lebanon    District.    149. 

Lebanon  Library    Society,   198. 

Lebanon   Medical    Society,   192. 

Legal   education,   116,   194. 

Legislation,  school,  142. 

Legislature,   129. 

Leist,   Jacob.   185. 

Lemon,   Darius,   157. 

Lenox   Library    Association,   204. 

Lewis,  Samuel.  11.  14,  15,  18,  19-20,  29, 
32-33,  35,  36,  39-40,  51,  52-53,  56,  59, 
89,  93-94.  129-,  138,  139,  140. 

Lexington,  199. 

Liberty   Library    Society,    199. 


Libraries,   134-136,   198,   -2U<;. 

Library   Association   of   Harlem,   206. 

Library  companies,  154-155. 

Library   Society   of   London,  201. 

Licenses,   146. 

Licking  County,   197,  198,   200,   201,  204. 

Linton   Library   Association,   206. 

Liquor,    146,    148. 

Litchfield   Lyceum  and   Society,  208. 

Literary  and  Botanical  Medical  College, 
192. 

Literary    and    Philosophical    Society,    20S. 

Literary,  Historical  and  Philosophical  So- 
ciety of  Canton,  208. 

Literary    Societies,   136,   163-164,   207-209. 

Literary   Society   of  St.  Joseph's,   101,  171. 

Lithopolis,    149. 

Lithopolis   Academy,   100,   165. 

Little,  Jacob,  160. 

Little  Miami  River,  9,   76. 

Little  Sandy,  199. 

Liverpool    Seminary,  101,  169. 

Logan  College,  117,  184. 

Logan  County,  169,  171,  190. 

London,  201. 

London  Academy,  101,  169. 

Lorain   County,  182,  198,  199,  202,  203,  205. 

Lorain   County   Library   Society,  200. 

Lorain   Institute,  100,  167. 

Lord,  Richard,  164. 

Losantiville,   9. 

Loudonville  Academy,  101,  167. 

Loveland,  Edwin,  198. 

Lower   Sandusky,   209. 

Lower  Sandusky  Literary  and  Scientific 
Institute,  208. 

Lower  Sandusky  Phrenological  Mesmeric 
Institute,  211. 

Lowry,  Joseph,   169. 

Lucas  County,  149,  160,  166,  173. 

Lyceums,  136,  207-209. 

Lyme  and  Ridgefield  Circulating  Library 
Society,  200. 

Lytel,    William,'  154. 

Me. 

McArthur,   Duncan,  9. 
McConnellsville   Athenaeum,    207. 
McConnellsville      Library      and      Reading- 
Room  Association,  204. 
McCully,  Alexander,  160,  162. 
MacDonald,  James,  171. 
Mcllvaine,    Isaac,   157. 
M'Intire   Poor   School,   127,  150. 
McLane-,  Patrick,  169. 
McNaughton,   D.,  161. 


280 


Ohio   Arch,   and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 


M. 

Madison,   171,   200. 

Madison   County,   169,  201,  206. 

Madison   Education   Society,  102,   174. 

Madison   Liberal   Institute,   99,   160. 

Madison   Library   Association,   200. 

Malta  Lyceum,  208. 

Mann,  Horace,  20,  140. 

Mann  Reuben  P.,  163. 

Manning,    James,    190. 

Manning,  J.   P.,  22. 

Mansfield,  155,  159,  171. 

Mansfield  Academical  Institute,  101,  169. 

Mansfield  Female  Seminary,  101,  170. 

Manual  Labor,  104. 

Marietta,  9,  82,  134,  148,  209;  special  legis- 
lation for,  60. 

Marietta   College,   106,   130,  181,   210. 

Marietta  Collegiate  Institute  and  Western 
Teachers'  Seminary,  117,  131,  181, 
197.  See  also  Marietta  CoMege. 

Marietta  Female  College,  117,  188. 

Marietta   Library,    200. 

Marion  Academy,  100,  163. 

Marion   County,   163. 
Martin,  Geo.   IT.,  11. 
Martinsburgh  Academy,  100,  164. 
Martinsville     Silliman    Institute    and    Li- 
brary Company,  204. 
Marysville    Library   Institute,    204. 
Massachusetts,    140;    public    school    senti- 
ment in,  11. 

Massie,   General    Nathaniel,   9. 
Massillon  Academy,  99,   162. 
Massillon   Female   Seminary,  99,  162. 
Massillon  Library  Society,  202. 
Massillon  Lyceum,   208. 
Massillon   Young   Men's   Polemic   Society, 

208. 

Mason,  William,  161. 
Mason   County,  169. 
Mathews,    Joseph    J.,    167. 
Maumee   City,   1-19. 
Maumee  City   Academy,  100,  166. 
Mayfield    Circulating    Library,    205. 
Mayfield    Township,    205. 
Mayo,   Herman    R.,   169. 
Mechanics   Association    of   Fulton,  209. 
Mechanics   Institute,   Lebanon,   209. 
Mechanics'   Institute,   Urbana,  209. 
Mechanics  Institute   of  Cincinnati,  136. 
Mechanics  Institute,  136;   acts  concerning, 

209. 

Mechanics'  Lyceum  and  Library  Asso- 
ciation (Warren),  205. 

Medical     and     Surgical      Society     of     the 
Countv  of  Ashland,  !!>:!. 


Medical     College    of    Ohio,    The,    114-115, 

175,   191-192. 

Medical   Convention,   191. 
Medical     Department     Western     Reserve 

College,  210. 
Medical    districts,   191. 
Medical    education,    113-116,    191-194. 
Medical   Institute  of  Cincinnati,   193.     See 

also   Eclectic  Institute. 
Medical    malpractice,   147. 
Medical  societies,  114,  191. 
Medina  Academy,   99,  160. 
Medina  College,  117,  189. 
Medina    County,    159,    160,    198,    20-1,     202, 

203,   204. 

Medina  County  Athenaeum,  207. 
Medina  Medical   Lyceum,  192. 
Medsker,   David,   169. 
Meigs,    Return   Jonathan,   107,   174. 
Meigs   County,   158,   170. 
Meigs  County  High  School  and  Teachers' 

Institute,   100,    131,    165. 
Menager,   Claude   R.,   154. 
Mercer   County,   204. 
Mesopotamia   Central   School   Society,    102, 

171. 
Mesopotamia     Social      Library     Company, 

200. 

Messinger,   Hiram,   159. 
Methodist   Episcopal   Church,  102,  15«,   l.'.s. 

164,    169,    185,    186. 
Methodist     Female     Collegiate     Institute, 

117,   186. 

Methodist  Protestant  Church,  1<)0. 
Miami   Academy,   162. 
Miami   County,   201,  205. 
Miamisburg  Library  Association,   206. 
Miami    Society   of   Miami   University,   210. 
Miami  Synod,  1S8. 
Miami    Union    Literary    Society   of    Miami 

University,   210. 
Miami    University,    106,    107,   111,   112,   117, 

133,   136,    176-178,   209,    210. 
Middleberg   High    School,   1(11. 
Middleburgh,  169. 
Middlebury   High    School,   99. 
Middlebury  Library  Company,  201. 
Middletown    Academy    and    Library    Asso 

ciation,    100,    160. 
Milford,    171. 

Milford    Circulating  Library,   200. 
Milford    Library    Assoc'ation,    201,   202. 
Milford    Union   School.  Society.   10],  171. 
Miller   Academy.   101,   169. 
Ministerial  Lands,  74,  ir>->. 
Mississippi    Valley,   129,  130. 
Mitchell,   William,   K>t. 


Index. 


281 


Monroe    Academical   Association,   102,   173. 

Monroe  County,  161. 

Monroe  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  and 
Library  Association,  203. 

Monroe   Seminary,  99,  161-162. 

Monroe  Traveling  and  Circulating  Li- 
brary Society,  200. 

Monseau,  Hortense,  166. 

Montgomery,   Academy,  97,   154. 

Montville  Social  Library   Company,  202. 

Moore,   James,   184. 

Moravian    school    lands,    152. 

Moravian  Tract,  69,  76. 

Morgan,  207. 

Morgan   County,   199,  200. 

Morgan   County    Medical    Society,   193. 

Morris,  Thomas  A.,  186. 

Morrow,    Governor,    17. 

Mt.   Pleasant   Academy,  101,   170. 

Mt.   Pleasant  Boarding  School,  100,  165. 

Mt.    Pleasant   Philomathean,  209. 

Mt.  Vernon,  60,  149;  schools  of,  63. 

Mount  Vernon   Lyceum,   207. 

Mt.  Washington  College,  18,  189. 

Muhlenberg   College,   117,    188. 

Muskingum  Annual  Conference,  190. 

Muskingum   College,  106,  117,   183. 

Muskingum  County,  155,  183,  199,  200,  202, 
203. 

Muskingum    River,    13. 


Nashee's  Compilation,   174. 

Neff,   William.   IS.'). 

Nelson  Academy,  97,  156. 

Nelson   Library   Society,   200. 

Neville,    Morgan,    207. 

Neville    Institute,   99,   101. 

Newark     Association     for    the     Promotion 

of    Education,    102,    172. 
Newark    Athenaeum,   208. 
New   Atkens,   155. 

Newberry    Social    Library    Society,   200. 
Newburgh    Library   Society,   199. 
New   Carlisle,   185. 
New     Carlisle     Social     Library     Company, 

206. 

Newcomerstown   Literary    Society,    209. 
New   Church,   191. 
New    England   influence,    11,   21. 
New    England    Institution    for    the    Blind, 

123. 

New   Hagerstown    Academy,  99,   161. 
New    Hagerstown    Female    Seminary,    100 

165. 
New  Lebanon,  149. 


New   Lisbon   Academy,   97,   ICO,   154,   166. 
New  Lisbon   Lyceum,   208. 
New     Lyme     Young     Men's     Library     So- 
ciety,  -i  ;2. 

New   Orange   Library   Society,  205. 
New    Orphan    Asylum    of     Colored    Chil- 
dren,  197. 

New  Paris   Library   Society,  201. 
New   Paris  Musical   Institute,  137,  211. 
New   Philadelphia  Academy,  99,   162. 
New    Philadelphia    Library    Society,   203. 
Newton   College,   118,  189. 
New  Town  Library   Company,  198. 
New  York  State  system  of  schools,  16. 
Normal  High  School,  101,  168-169. 
North   Adams,   Mass.,   14. 
Northern     Social     Library     Company     of 

Harpersfield,    198. 
North    Royalton     Social    Library    Society, 

203. 

North    Union    School    Association    of   Car- 
roll   County,    102,    172. 
Northwest  Territory,  76. 
Northwood,   190. 
Norwalk    Academy,    97,    155-156.     See    also 

Norwalk   Seminary. 
Norwalk   Female   Seminary,  99,   163. 
Norwalk   Institute,   101,   169. 
Norwalk    Seminary,    156. 
Notestone,  Jonas,  166. 

Nu  Pi  Kappa  Society  of  Kenyon  College, 
209. 

O. 

Oakland      Female      Seminary      of      Hills- 
borough,   100,  167. 
Oberlin   College,  lOfi,  117,   182. 
Oberlin    Collegiate   Institute.     See   Oberlin 

College. 

Oberlin    Young  Men's   Lyceum,   210. 
Odd    Fellows,   207. 

Ohio,   85;   admitted   to  the   Union,   7,   108; 
first    constitution    of,    7;    first   school 
laws,   7;    first   settlers   of,   9-11;   legis- 
lature  of,   74. 
Ohio   Asylum  for  Educating  the  Deaf  and 

Dumb.  121. 

Ohio    Baptist   Education   Society,   211. 
Ohio   City,   164. 
Ohio  Company,  13,  69,  73,  74. 
Ohio   Company  Lands,  16. 
Ohio   Company's  Purchase,   9,   82,  107,  111, 

141. 

Ohio  Conference  High  School,  158. 
Ohio    Education     Society    of    Evangelical 
Lutheran   Church,   211. 


282 


Ohio   Arch,   and  Hist.   Society   Publications. 


Ohio    Institute    of    Natural    Science,    137, 

211. 
Ohio    Institution    for    the    Instruction    of 

the   Blind.   195-196. 
Ohio  legislation,  77-92. 
Ohio   Mechanics   Institute,   209. 
Ohio   Medical    Lyceum,   192. 
Ohio   Penitentiary,   197. 
Ohio   River,   10,   76. 
Ohio   surveys,   72,   73. 
Ohio  University,  106,  107-111,  112,  117,  133, 

174-176,  210,  219. 


O. 

Ohio    Wesleyan    University,   117,   185 

Old  School  Presbyterian  Church,  170. 

Olin   School   Library   Society,   200. 

Olmstead,   184. 

Olmstead  Library   Company,   201. 

Orange   Library    Association,    205. 

Ordinance   of   1785,   13. 

Orphan   asylums,   127,   196-197. 

Orwell     Library     and     Reading     Society, 

205. 

Orwell  Township,  205. 
Otterbein   University,   106,   118,   189. 
Oxford,   177,   184. 

Oxford  Female  Academy,  100,  164. 
Oxford  Female  Institute,  101,  169. 
Oxford  Library  Society,  204. 


P. 

Page,  G.  G.,  169. 

Painesville,     Education     Society     of.     See 

Education   Society  of  Painesville. 
Painesville   Library  Association,  204. 
Painesville    Lyceum   and    Library    Society, 

202. 

Parents   support,  38-40. 
Paris   Library    Association,   203. 
Parkman   Academy,  100,  164. 
Parma   Library   Association,   203. 
Paw,  George,  170. 
Pay   school,   21. 
Pease,  John  P.,  173. 
Peddling,   147. 
Peak,  U.  H.,  160. 
Penfield    Library    Society,   202, 
Penfield  Township,  202. 
Pennsylvania,    76. 
Perkins,   Samuel,  168. 
Perkins,  Simon,   162. 
Permanent   funds,   41-42. 
Perry  County,  171,   172. 
Perrysburgh,    187. 


Perrysburgh  Lyceum  and  Library  Asso- 
ciation, 204. 

Peru   Lyceum,  208. 

Pestalozzi,  104. 

Phi  Delta  Society  of  Western  Reserve, 
210.  . 

Philbrick,    S.    B.,    173. 

Philomathean.   Literary    Institute,    99,    161. 

Philomathean  Society  of  Ohio  University, 
210. 

Philomathean  Society  of  Monroe  Acad- 
emy, 210. 

Philomathesian  Society  of  Kenyon  Col- 
lege, 136,  209. 

Philosophic  Literary  Society  of  Franklin 
College,  209. 

Phouts,    David,   195. 

Phylozethian  Society  of  Western  Reserve 
College,  209,  210. 

Physic,   113,  191. 

Piatt,    Benjamin,    192. 

Picket,   Robert,  130. 

Pike   County,    201. 

Pine  Grove  Academy,   100,  166. 

Piqua,   149. 

Pittsburg,    Pa.,   79. 

Plain,  205. 

Platonic   Library   Society,  198,  203. 

Poland  Library  Society,  198. 

Pomeroy,  Charles  R.,  170. 

Pomeroy  Academy,  101,   170. 

Poor  children,  schools  for,  127,  150. 

Portage  County,  149,  154,  161,  162,  167, 
168,  180,  199,  201,  202. 

Porter,  166. 

Portsmouth,  60,  148;   schools   of,  62. 

Portsmouth  Library  Company,  204. 

Portsmouth  Mechanics'  Institute  and 
Mechanics'  Library  Association,  209. 

Port  Washington  Lyceum  and  Library 
Company,  203. 

Potter,   Lyman,   154. 

Preble  County,  163,  198,  201. 

Preble  County  Library  Society,  199. 

Presbyterian   Church,   102,  170. 

Primary  Schools,   65. 

Profanity,  146. 

Professional  education,  Acts  concerning, 
191494. 

Protestant  Episcopal   Church,  179. 

Protestant  Methodist  Academy  of  Brigh- 
ton, 100,  166. 

Protestant  University  of  the  United 
States,  117,  187. 

Providence    College,   117,   186. 

Prince,    David,   173. 


Index. 


283 


Psi  Gamma  Society  of  Marietta  College, 
210. 

Public    Schools,    145. 

Public  School  system,  Methods  of  com- 
mon school  support,  38-50;  organi- 
zation of,  25-38. 

Putnam,   Rufus,  107,  174,  175. 

Putnam   Classical  Institute,  99,  160. 

Putnam   Family   Library,   134. 

Putnam  Lyceum,  208. 

Q. 

Quakers,  102.     See  also   Friends. 

R. 

Ravenna   Academy,   97,   157. 

Ravenna    Female    Seminary,   100. 

Ravenna   Library   Association,  205. 

Rawson,  Secretary,  159. 

Rea,  John,  155. 

Reading  Mutual  Improvement  and  Library 
Association,  205. 

Reformed  Presbyterian   Church,  190. 

Refugee  Lands,  16. 

Refugee  Tract,  69. 

Regular   Baptist   denomination,   160. 

Revolutionary  War,  76. 

Reynolds,   John,   155. 

Reznor,   John    P.,    164. 

Rhea,  John,   179. 

Richfield   Social   Library   Company,  202. 

Richland  Academic  Institute,  101,  169. 

Richland   County,   164,  169,   170,   203. 

Richmond,   158,   205. 

Richmond  Classical   Institute,  99,  158. 

Richmond    College,   158. 

Ripley    College,    112,   180,   181. 

Ridgeville    Lyceum,    208. 

Rising   Sun,   Iowa,   130. 

Robinson,    David,   160. 

Rockport   Lyceum,   208. 

Rockwell,   Timothy,   164. 

Rocky   River   Seminary,  101,  168. 

Rome   Academical   Company,   102,   172. 

Rome   Library   Company,   202. 

Roscoe   Social   Library  Company,  202. 

Ross  County,  157,  167,  170,   171,  209. 

Ruggles  Library   Society,   203. 

Rush  Medical  Society  of  Willoughby  Uni- 
versity of  Lake  Erie,  210. 

Rutland  Academy,  97,  155. 

Rutland   Library   Association,   203. 


Sabbath  breaking,  146. 
Sage,   N.   O.,  162. 


St.   Aloyiius  Orphan   Asylum,  197. 

St.   Clair,   Arthur,   8. 

St.    Clairsville,   156. 

St.  Clairsville  Collegiate  Seminary,  117, 
183. 

St.   John's    College,   168. 

St.  Joseph's,  171. 

St.  Mary's  Female  Educational  Institute, 
100,  166. 

St.  Mary's  Female  Literary  Society,  102, 
172. 

St.   Mary's  Library  Association,  204. 

St.    Xavier   College,   117,   184. 

Salaries,  Supt.  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asy- 
lum, 196. 

Salaries,   Supt.   of  Blind  Asylum,  196. 

Salem,    198. 

Salem   Academy,   100,   167. 

Sargeant,  Stephen  N.,  189. 

Salt    lands,    42. 

Solomon   Thrifty's   Almanac,   15. 

Sandusky  Academy,  99,  163. 

Sandusky  City  Lyceum  and  Library  As- 
sociation, 203. 

Sandusky   County,   211. 

Sansberry,   Elizabeth,   172. 

Schaeffer,    Daniel,   165.' 

School   for  the   Blind,  120. 

School   funds,   laws  concerning,  149-150. 

School  lands.  VI,  69-92,  140-141,  152-153; 
laws  concerning,  150-152;  leasing  of, 
78,  89,  90,  91;  revenue  from,  40-41; 
selling  of,  78,  79-80,  89,  90. 

School   law,   The   first,   143. 

School    Officers,    57. 

School   tax,   l::!'.). 

School   year.    Length   of,   50-57. 

Schools,  City  and  village,  58-fi8;  Control 
and  supervision  of,  50-53;  Incor- 
poration of,  154-1.35. 

Scioto    County,    200.     . 

Scioto  River,   9,   76,   77. 

Scioto    Annual    Conference,   189. 

Scott,   John   W.,   164. 

Secretary  of  State,  20,  35,  51,  205,  203. 

Secondary   education,   141,   142. 

Secondary  institutions,  Incorporation  of, 
153-174. 

Secondary  schools,  11-16;  incorporation  of, 
93-96. 

Seneca  County,  167,  171,  201,  202,  206. 

Seneca   County   Academy,   99,   160. 

Servants,   196. 

Serviss,    William    G.,   185. 

Seven  Ranges,  10.  72,  73,  76,  77. 

Sexton,   Henry,   162. 

Sharon    Academy,  99,  160. 


284 


Ohio   Arch,   and   Hist.   Society   Publications. 


Shannon,  Wilson,  186. 
Shaw  Academy,  99,  160. 
Sheffield   Manual  Labor  Institute,  99,  161. 
Simons,  Joshua,  102. 
Sinon,    Stephen,   166. 
Skinner,   David  C,  188. 
Slack,   Elijah,  197. 
Smith,   Ely   B.,   162. 
Smithfield,   208. 
Snodgrass,  James,  1'58. 

Soeurs    de    Notre    Dame    Female    Educa- 
tional   Institute,   101,   171. 
Social     Circulating     Library     Association, 

201. 

Social   Library   Company   of  Madison,  200. 
Social    Library    Company    of    Salem,    198, 

1<>9. 

Social   Library  of   Kendal,  199. 
Social   Library  of   Greene,  200. 
Social  Library   Society,  199. 
Society   of   United   Brethren,   76. 
Special  acts,  146. 
Spencer,  Ezra,  22. 
Spink,  John  C.,  187. 
Sprague,  Sidney  S.,  170. 
Springboro,   209. 

Springboro   Library   Company,  202. 
Springboro    School   Company,   102,   172. 
Springfield,   149;   population  of,  59. 
Springfield    Female    Academy,    101. 
Springfield   Female   Seminary,   170. 
Springfield   High   School,  97,  158. 
Springfield    Lyceum,    207. 
Stark   County,   150,   162,   171,   199. 
Stark   County  Lyceum,   208. 
Stark  County  Orphans'  Institute,  127,  197. 
Starling,  Lyne,  193. 
Starling  Medical   College,  193. 
Stanton,  Joseph,   172. 
State  Auditor,  194. 

State   Board   of  public   instruction,   145. 
State  control,   104-105. 
State  Library,   135,   199,   204,  205. 
State  Library   fund,   147. 
State  Medical  Convention,  The,  115. 
State  Medical  Society,  116,  193. 
State  School  Fund,  43. 
State    Superintendent    of    Schools,    51,    89, 
129,    140;    office    of,    created,    19,    37; 
status  of,  20,  37. 
State  system  of  schools,  12. 
State   treasurer,   90. 
State   wide  taxation,  12. 
Stearns,   Timothy,   170. 
Steele,   Robert  W.,  168. 

Stephen     Strong's     Manual     Labor     Semi- 
nary.   58,    97,    104. 


Steubenville,   154. 

Steubenville  Academy,  97. 

Steubenville   Athenaeum,   207. 

Stevenson,  Joseph,  187. 

Stockdale,   William,   165. 

Stone,  Jonathan,   174. 

Stowe,  C.  E.,  144. 

Streetsboro  High   School,   100,   165. 

Studies,    55-56. 

Sturges,   Ebon   P.,  155. 

Subscription   school,   21. 

Suffield   Township,    Portage   Co.,   149. 

Suffield  Township,   Summit  Co.,  149. 

Summit    County,    149,    166,    167,    198,    205, 

206. 

Summit  County  Medical  Society,  193. 
Sunbury,    198. 

Sunbury   Library   Association,  200. 
Sunday   creek,   134. 
Supreme    court,    110,    116. 
Superintendent    of    Common    Schools,    32- 

34,   35,    61,    144. 
Surgery,   113,   191. 
Surplus    revenue,    43. 
Swift,    George,    180. 

Sylvania   High    School   Company,  102,  173. 
Symmes,   John   C.,   176. 
Symmes    Purchase,    9,    13,    16,    69,    73,    74, 

82,  107,  111,  141,  177,  178. 

T. 

Talbot,    David   L.,   130. 

Tallmadge   Academical    Institute,   100,   101r 

166,  167. 

Tallmadge   Academy,   97,   154. 
Tallmadge  Library  Association,  206. 
Taxation,    44-47;     for    schools,     44-46;     for 

school    buildings,    46-47. 
Teachers,  Certification  of,  54-55;  education 

of,    197;    training   of,    129-133. 
Teachers'    Institute,    197. 
Teachers'  Institute  at  Fairmound,  131. 
Teachers'   Institutes,  130,   145,   198. 
Theological    Seminary    of    the    Associated 
Reform    Synod   of   the   West,   117,   184. 
Theological    Seminary    of    the    Protestant 

Episcopal   Church   in   the   Diocese   of 

Ohio,  179.     See  also  Kenyon  College. 
Theological     Seminary    of    the    Reformed 

Presbyterian  Church,  190. 
Thompson,    Thomas,    169. 
Tiffin    Academy.   101,    171. 
Titus,   Francis  J.,   166. 
Todd,   David,  161. 

Toledo,    60,    148,    149,    204;    schools    of,    62. 
Town    schools,    Laws    concerning,    148-149. 


Index. 


Township  clerk,  52;  the  township  super- 
intendent, 20,  35. 

Township   superintendent,    51-52. 

Township  trustees,  79,  80,   89. 

Trimbell,   Allan,   181. 

Troy   Academy,  «J9,   Ki2. 

Troy  Library  Society,  198. 

True,   Josiah,   134. 

Trumbull  County,  157,  161,  166,  171,  193, 
199,  200,  202,  203. 

Turner,   Austin,   163. 

Tuscarawas   County,   76,   152,   i:;2,   163,   203. 

Twaddle,   John,    195. 

Twinsburg    Library    Association,    205. 


Union  Academy,   97,   99,   155,   158,  163. 

Union  County,  163,  201,  203. 

Union  Library  Association  of  Richmond, 
205. 

Union  Library  Society  of  Lexington, 
199. 

Union  Literary  Society  of  Miami  Uni- 
versity, 210. 

Union  School  Association,  101,  171. 

Union    School    District,    Springfield,   149. 

United    Brethren,    189. 

United    States,    74,    75,   76,   85. 

United    States   land,    80. 

United  States  Military  Lands,  9,  10,  16, 
42,  69,  73,  75,  76,  78,  81,  84,  87,  88, 
151,  152. 

United  States  surplus  revenue,  144. 

Universalist  Institute,  100,  164. 

Universal   School  of  Massillon,  99,  160. 

Urbana,   149. 

Urbana  Academy,  97,  155. 

Urbana  Athenaeum,  207. 

Urbana  Juvenile  Library,  203. 

Urbana  University,  106,  117,  190-191. 

Utica   Library   Society,  201. 


Vallandigham,    Clement,   154. 
Van   Balton,  Julia,  171. 
Venable,    21,    134. 
Venice    Library    Society,    200. 
Vermilion    Library    Company,   203. 
Vermillion  Institute,   101,   168. 
Vernon  Library  Association,  200. 
Village  Library  Society  of  Burton, 
Vinton   Academy,   97,   158. 
Vinton   High   School,  10],  170. 
Virginia,  74,  76. 


Virginia   Military   Lands,  9,   l(i,   41,  C9,   73, 
74,   75,   76,   79,   80,   84,   87,   89,   15J,   151. 
Vorhees,   Daniel,   166. 


Wadsworth   Academy,  99,  159. 

Wadsworth  Library   Society,  202. 

Waggoner,    Samuel,  160. 

Wallace,    James,    184. 

Wallace,    Robert,    184. 

Walsh,    James,    154. 

Wapakoneta,    165. 

Ward,    Ebenezer,    160. 

Ward,    Jacob,    184. 

Warner,    Wright,    163. 

Warren,    23,   205. 

Warren  Academy,   99,   161. 

Warren    County,    149,    1'50,    166,    167,    172, 

173,   202,  204,  209. 
Warren  Library  Association,  206. 
Washington,    169. 
Washington  County,  107,  150,  174,  181,  198, 

200. 
Washington     Social     Library    Association, 

198,    -2o;.. 
Waterford,   205. 
Wayne,  Jacob  L.,  173. 
Wayne   Academy,   99,   162. 
Wayne  and  Cherry  Valley  Union  Library 

Association,   201. 
Wayne   County,   158,   166,   187. 
Wayne  County  Teachers'  Association,  131, 

197. 

Waynesburgh,    165. 
Wayne  Township  Lyceum.  208. 
Waynesville  Academy,  100,  167. 
Waynesville   Library   Company,  198. 
Weller,   Joseph,   165. 

Wellington    Social    Library   Company,   203. 
Wellington    Township,    203. 
Wellsville    Library    Institute,    208. 
Wesleyan    Collegiate    Institute,    117,    184. 
Wesleyan   Female  College,  117. 
Wesleyan  University,  106. 
West   Branch   Library   Association,   201. 
West   Canaan,   206. 
Western  Academic  Institute  and  Board  of 

Education,  18,  130,  197. 
Western    Academy    of    Natural     Sciences, 

137,   211. 

Western  Art  Union,   137,  211. 
Western    Baptist    Education    Society,    211. 
Western  Book  Concern,  186. 
Western   College  of  Teachers,  130. 
Western    Eye   and    Ear    Infirmary,    116. 
Western   Female  College,   186-187. 


286 


Ohio  Arch,  and  Hist.  Society  Publications. 


Western   Female   Seminary,  99,  159. 

Western   Library   Association,  198. 

Western  Library  Institute,  206. 

Western  Reserve,  9,  16,  36,  41,  69,  72,  73, 
74,  75,  76,  78,  81,  83,  84,  85,  87,  96, 
131,  152. 

Western  Reserve  College,  117,  180,  209,  210. 
See  also  Western  Reserve  Univer- 
sity. 

Western  Reserve  College,  Medical  depart- 
ment, 180. 

Western  Reserve  Eclectic  Institute,  101, 
170-171.  See  also  Hiram  College. 

Western  Reserve  Freewill  Baptist  Aca- 
demical Society,  102,  173. 

Western  Reserve  Freewill  Baptist  Edu- 
cation Society,  173. 

Western  Reserve  Manual  Labor  Semi- 
nary, 173. 

Western  Reserve  Teachers'  Seminary, 
100,  164. 

Western   Reserve  University,  106,  180. 

Western  Reserve  Wesleyan  Seminary,  99, 
162. 

Western   Spy,  21. 

Western   Territory,   74,   151. 

West  Jefferson   Academical  Institute,  101. 

West  Lodi   Academy,   100. 

Wheeling,  Va.,  79. 

Vvhetstone,   Thomas   H.,   189. 

White,  James,  21. 

Whittlesey,   Asaph,   166. 

Wilkesville   Lyceum,   208. 

Wilkins,   Herman,   170. 

Williams,   J.    Martin,   167. 

Williams,   Joseph,   166. 

Williams,  Milo  G.,  190. 

Williamsfield,  205. 

Willoughby   Female   Academy,  100,   166. 

Willoughby    Medical    College,   183. 

Willoughby  University  of  Lake  Erie,  117, 
182-183,  210.  ' 

Willy,  Lowry,  197. 

Wilson,    Robert,    154. 

Wilson,    Robert   G.,   177. 

Wilson,    Samuel   L.,   165. 

Wilson.    William,  160,   187. 

Windham   Academy,  99,  159. 

Windham  Library  Society,  199. 

Windham   School   Fund,   150. 

Windsor   Library   Association,  200. 

Winnans,   Isaac,   1(52. 


Wittenberg  College,    106,    117,   188. 

Wolcott,  Theodore,  157. 

Woodbridge,   John,    157. 

Wood   County,  187,  205. 

Woods,  John,  159. 

Woodsfield  Lyceum,  208. 

Woodward  College  of  Cincinnati,  156. 

Woodward     Free     Grammar     School,    127, 

150. 
Woodward  High  School  of  Cincinnati,  95, 

97,  156. 
Wooster,  149. 

Wooster  Academy,  99,  160. 
Wooster    Library    Society,   198. 
Worthington,   96,   178. 
Worthington  Academy,  97,  154. 
Worthington   College,   117,   178. 
Worthington    Female    Seminary,    100,    164. 
Worthington  Literati,  204. 


Xenia,   164. 

Xenia  Academy,   101. 

Xenia   Female  Academy,  101,   171. 

Xenia   Lyceum,  207. 

Y. 

Yellow    Springs    Library    Society,    200. 

Young,   Alexander,   161,   169. 

Young  Men's  Association  of  the  City  of 
Toledo,  204. 

Young  Men's  Book  Association  of  West 
Canaan,  206. 

Young  Men's  Catholic  Association  of 
Cincinnati,  206. 

Young  Men's  Franklin  Society  of  Gran- 
ville  College,  210. 

Young  Men's  Literary  Association  of 
Springfield,  208. 

Young  Men's  Mercantile  Library  Asso- 
ciation of  Cincinnati,  203. 

Youth's    Neville    Library    Society,    204. 

Young  Men's  Reading  and  Literary  So- 
ciety of  Morgan,  207. 

Z. 

Zanesville,    60,    127,    148,    150;    schools    of, 

62. 

Zanesville   Athenaeum,   207. 
Zanesville  Juvenile  Lyceum,  207. 
Zanesville   Presbytery,   169-170. 


THE  FOURTH 

SEVENTH  D!Y 


AND    TO    S,  on 

OVERDUE.         *'-°°  ON 


Lr>2l-loOm-7,»39(402s) 


YC  03987 


O.3 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


